Coordination Of Public Policies Research Articles

As políticas públicas de enfrentamento do trabalho infantil no Brasil

The main objective of this research is to analyze how public policies in Brazil are interconnected to prevent and eradicate child labor. It seeks to understand the legal protection against the exploitation of child labor, explore the Program for the Eradication of Child Labor and the National Policy related to it, and examine the responsibilities of the entities of the Rights Guarantee System in combating this issue. The central question of the research is: how does intersectoral coordination of public policies for this purpose occur in Brazil? The initial hypothesis suggests that there is a shared responsibility between the bodies of the Rights Guarantee System, organized through care, protection and justice policies, enabling joint and networked action through the National Plan and the Child Labour Eradication Programme, aimed at combating the causes and effects of child labour exploitation. The method used was deductive and monographic, using documentary and bibliographic research techniques.

A Game Theoretic Approach to Collaboration in Policy Coordination

Public policies are courses of action by a government in response to public problems in the real world with the aim of meeting the needs of society. Such policies must be coordinated to avoid inefficiencies. Most attempts to model public policy coordination are qualitative and, therefore, do not yield precise conclusions. More accurate modelling attempts are found in game theory, but they are not entirely appropriate as models of policy coordination, because policy coordination involves a high degree of collaboration. There is only one game-theoretic model of collaboration, and it does not model public policy coordination. The aim of this article is to show that a collaboration-based game theory model is not only feasible, but also more realistic than current game theory models of policy coordination. This was performed by adapting Newton’s seminal model to a society capable of formulating and coordinating policies. When this adapted game was compared to alternative games used to explain policy coordination, it was found that the adapted game made more realistic assumptions, the modelling process was simpler, and it can be applied to a broader range of contexts. By demonstrating that the adapted model offers a feasible theoretical foundation for the modelling of policy coordination, this paper provides a starting point for future modelling efforts in this area.

A Multiagent Game Theoretic Simulation of Public Policy Coordination through Collaboration

Background: Policy coordination is necessary to address many of the sustainability challenges we face today. The formal representations of policy coordination focus on modeling conflict management but neglect its collaborative nature. This limits efforts to build more realistic models of policy coordination. The objective of this paper is to simulate collaboration and noncollaboration between agents in the context of policy coordination in order to determine the effect of different approaches to policy coordination. Methods: For this purpose, a multiagent simulation of collaboration based on evolutionary game theory is used. Results: The results suggest that policy coordination through collaboration produces the most desirable outcomes and that reducing the cost of communication between agents is necessary to increase the probability of collaboration. Conclusions: The cost of information (both its transmission and transformation) is critical to increase the probability of collaboration in policy coordination. This paper advances the understanding of how to model the collaborative nature of policy coordination by contributing to the methodological standardization of the analysis and implementation of public policy coordination.

Regional policy coordination of pandemic responses using an iterative mobility-driven algorithm

ABSTRACT The COVID-19 experience has shown that horizontal cooperation of non-pharmaceutical interventions across jurisdictions is crucial to combat pandemics. However, the question of how to construct policy coordination regions has not yet received enough attention. In this study, we develop an iterative mobility-driven community detection algorithm based on the modularity function to identify multilevel public policy coordination regions. As a case study, we use movement of people in the United States to identify regions of interconnected locations at different levels. We argue that pre-emptively designed community structures based on mobility can be more appropriate to meet critical preparedness goals than existing jurisdictions.

O fantasma na máquina: System-level bureaucracy e coordenação interorganizacional em políticas públicas

The objective is to understand how interorganizational coordination occurs in the development of information systems in tax collection and basic education policies in the state of Paraná, Brazil. This implies the analysis of the relationships established between system-level bureaucrats (SYBs) – specialists who work in the development of information systems – and other bureaucracies in the implementation of public policies. Theoretical references on bureaucracy, information and communication technologies (ICTs) in the public sector and coordination of public policies were mobilized. From a methodological point of view, it is a comparative study, analyzing two public policies: tax collection and basic education in the state of Paraná, and the mixed-capital company that develops the systems, Companhia de Tecnologia da Informação e Comunicação do Paraná (CELEPAR). Such policies are distinguished by the way in which the relationships between bureaucracies occur. In both, informal learning networks, mutually dependent, allow actors to create and use coping strategies that contribute to the coordination of public policy. These strategies are related to the writing of laws and public notices, the creation of unofficial information systems and resistance to change. They generally reflect beneficial contributions to public policy. The results imply demonstrating that the decision-making processes of policies are changed according to the use of ICTs, and disputes are transferred to other locus, which information systems sometimes hide, sometimes reveal.

Forest Biomass Policies and Regulations in the United States of America

Using woody biomass from public lands could attract private investments, increase carbon dioxide emission reductions from sustainably harvested low-grade wood to mitigate climate change, provide benefits for the environment, and support rural community economies. Available for use are about 210 million oven dry tons (in the western U.S. alone) of small-diameter wood and harvest residues that could be removed through hazard-fuel treatments and used for bioenergy and bioproducts; representing an economic value of approximately USD 5.97 billion (109). Reaching that utilization goal requires an assessment of current U.S. policies, regulations and directives influencing the use of forest biomass and identification of barriers, challenges, and potential opportunities associated with the use of woody biomass from public lands. One objective of this review is to support the implementation of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA-FS) new effort called “Confronting the Wildfire Crisis: A Strategy for Protecting Communities and Improving Resilience in America’s Forests”, but greater coordination of public policies (regulatory legislation, government subsidies, support programs) at different government levels could increase adoption of forest biomass for bioenergy and bioproducts while also promoting different supply chains for long-term biomass supplies and industry investments. Harmonizing the definition of key biomass terms used by different programs that support using forest biomass for bioenergy and other bioproducts, including the Renewable Fuel Standard, may increase forest biomass use from public lands.

Analysis of the Texts Framing the practice of Health-Promoting Physical Activities in Burkina Faso

Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle are recognized as risk factors for non-communicable diseases and avoidable mortality. It is in this context that the promotion of physical activity and sport has become a real public health issue and is included in most medical recommendations of learned societies. Multiple determinants affect the adoption of a physically active lifestyle. This situation has led to the development, implementation and coordination of public policy documents that promote the practice of health-promoting physical activities. In this context, the World Health Organization (WHO) has developed the Health Enhancing Physical Activity Policy Analisis Tool (HEPA PAT) to support countries in developing and evaluating strategies and policies that address all the determinants of health-enhancing physical activity. Burkina Faso, like other countries in the world, is confronted with the problem of physical inactivity with its corollaries on health. In order to find palliative solutions to this scourge, the government, through the ministry in charge of sports and leisure, has developed texts to stimulate the practice of physical activities and sports. The objective of this study is to evaluate the policies governing the practice of physical activities and sports in Burkina Faso. To this end, the HEPA PAT tool was used as an analysis model. It was found that the policies governing the practice of physical activity and sport contain only eight of the 17 criteria required to create an appropriate context for the development of health-promoting physical activity and sport. Therefore, it is necessary for the government of Burkina Faso to integrate the nine other criteria without which the expected results cannot be achieved.

Sports equipment and the city of Fortaleza/CE: Functional stratification of sports and leisure facilities, existing practices and social projects linked to specific coordinators

The present study aimed to describe the sports and leisure facilities, conditioned to their physical activity practices, social projects and respective administrative coordinators. The applied methodology had as a parameter an exploratory field research in the year 2019/2020, with data surveys quantitative through descriptive, exploratory and observational analysis of the managers' speeches, legal documents and visits to equipment. With cataloging and configuration of information, combined with procedures for interpreting the discourse of managers, combined with official documents interpreted in the light of social sciences. The sample categorization was based on the municipal public sector of Fortaleza (City Hall), respectively, to equipment and its Sports Practices/Projects and carried out by the community and under the responsibility of: Department of Sport and Leisure (Secel); and the Special Coordination of Public Policies for Youth (CJUV). The results found show that the equipment provides free access to the population, with a safe living environment, leisure among families and citizenship training. Including subjects of both sexes, with children, young people, adults, elderly people enjoying the same space democratically. However, some social actions/projects developed are organized for age-limited population groups, which does not prevent everyone from having access to the physical, cognitive and social well-being provided by sport and leisure. Keywords: Equipment, sport, leisure, City of Fortaleza, Public policies..

Designing the Interventions to Mitigate the Barriers of Coordination in Handling Food Security: Insight from Central Java Province

This study aims to identify the underlying barriers that may prevent public policy coordination among stakeholders in dealing with food security in Central Java Province and suggest recommendations to enhance the coordination. This study used primary data from a questionnaire that the six government agencies’ experts filled out. These experts were asked to identify the relevance and the importance of each barrier and formulate a suitable policy recommendation. There were three data processing techniques used in this study: Content Validity Analysis, Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) Method, and Delphi Method. The result of the Content Validity Analysis indicated 22 valid barriers. The result of the ISM method indicated eight barriers occupied the topmost level (complicated problems, insufficient sharing of information, ambiguities and lack of clarity, gap of coordination implementations between the rules and policies with the actual practice, fewer budget allocations, different aims and priorities, lack of motivation to collaborate among stakeholders from various disciplines, and weak of infrastructure). The result of the ISM method also indicated three “very significant” barriers: inadequate human resources, the limited capability of the regional government, and lack of communication and high specialization in multisector collaboration. Then, the result of the Delphi Method indicated several recognize policies to mitigate those barriers. Moreover, related to the limitation of this study, future studies should focus on the barriers in diverse places nations or compare different regions or countries; include more experts from the various stakeholder group, and test the recognized policies in the real world.

Non-compulsory compliance with the EU: Implementation of European Semester recommendations in the Visegrad countries

This paper examines the extent to which Visegrad countries take into account country-specific recommendations received within the framework of the European Semester, and the level of implementation experienced in the region as compared to that in the European Union. Based on a database created by using assessments of the European Commission’s annual country reports, we discuss not only the national-level implementation of recommendations within a term of one year, but also their long-term implementation. According to the annual assessments, the four Visegrad countries all belong to the second half of the field for the EU as a whole, with slightly below ‘some progress’ achieved in implementing recommendations. However, the impact of EU recommendations on the public policy decisions of Member States is much greater in the longer term than annual assessments can show. Important proof of this statement is that, over a multi-annual period, the Orbán government took measures addressing nearly two-thirds of EU recommendations, which were assessed as at least ‘some progress’ by the European Commission. In overall terms, this study demonstrates that European integration can make an impact on Member States not only through hard, binding instruments and exclusive powers, but also in a softer way, through public policy coordination.

ESSENCE AND SPECIFICITY OF CIVIL-LEGAL MECHANISM OF RIGHT TRANSFER IN LEGAL RELATIONSHIPS OF COMMON PROPERTY

The purpose of the article is to highlight the problematic issues in reforming the civil service and the role of prosecuting authorities in improving the quality of service delivery and public confidence. Methods. In defining and working out the directions of reforming public administration, the theoretical and prognostic method was used. Results. The directions of public administration reform are defined: formation and coordination of public policy; modernization of the civil service and human resources management; ensuring accountability of public administration bodies; provision of administrative services; management of public finances. The need for raising public confidence in state institutions of public power during reforms was emphasized. The article covers the problems of reforming the civil service in the context of the European integration process in Ukraine, and the role of the prosecutor’s office in this reform. Based on the analysis of legal acts defining these areas, the problem issues of public service in the prosecutor’s office and the State Bureau of Investigation are identified. It is emphasized that effective public administration implies the ability of a country to provide administrative services and ensure its economic growth and competitiveness in the international arena. Civil service reform largely determines the success of other reforms, the results of which are directly dependent on the quality of government decisions. The directions of public administration reform are defined: formation and coordination of public policy; modernization of the civil service and human resources management; ensuring accountability of public administration bodies; provision of administrative services; management of public finances. It is proved that the reform of the civil service largely determines the success of other reforms, the results of which are directly dependent on the quality of the administrative decisions of the state bodies. It has been found out that the reform of the civil service is an integral part of the more general reform of the public administration (public administration) together with the reform of the system of executive bodies, the reform of administrative services, the reform of the system of public finances. It has been concluded that the implementation of public administration reform – in general and the prosecutor's office – in particular, can produce the following results: improving the quality of public services to be provided by competent staff. The prosecution service must be depoliticized, stable and professional, citizen-oriented in order to accomplish its tasks in the interests of the state, transparent and controlled by civil society. Ultimately, this will increase citizens' confidence in government and public institutions, which is the key to the success of reforms.

Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Amazônia que “queremos”

Abstract The purpose of the article is to discuss the functioning of the Genetic Heritage Management Council (CGen, acronym in Portuguese) from the enactment of Law No. 13,123 / 2015 until December 2019, to understand its role as coordinator of the benefit-sharing policy. CGen’s work context was presented and the theoretical framework of public policy coordination was discussed. The research was carried out based on the analysis of the minutes of the 24 meetings held by the Board, seeking to identify the frequency of full members, the participation of listeners, and the most discussed topics at the meetings. The CGen was found to be a leader in law enforcement, which seeks to use communication and standardization as mechanisms for its coordination. However, the low participation of beneficiaries of the policy and representatives of states and municipalities calls into question the effectiveness of the policy.

Conselho de Gestão do Patrimônio Genético e a coordenação da política de acesso e repartição de benefícios no Brasil

Abstract The purpose of the article is to discuss the functioning of the Genetic Heritage Management Council (CGen, acronym in Portuguese) from the enactment of Law No. 13,123 / 2015 until December 2019, to understand its role as coordinator of the benefit-sharing policy. CGen’s work context was presented and the theoretical framework of public policy coordination was discussed. The research was carried out based on the analysis of the minutes of the 24 meetings held by the Board, seeking to identify the frequency of full members, the participation of listeners, and the most discussed topics at the meetings. The CGen was found to be a leader in law enforcement, which seeks to use communication and standardization as mechanisms for its coordination. However, the low participation of beneficiaries of the policy and representatives of states and municipalities calls into question the effectiveness of the policy.

Institutional design and spatial (in)equality — The Janus face of economic integration

This paper analyzes within a spatial endogenous growth setting the impact of public policy coordination on agglomeration. Governments in each of the two symmetric regions provide a local public input that becomes globally effective due to integration. Micro-foundation of governmental behavior is based on three different coordination schemes: autarky, full or partial coordination. Scale effects act as agglomeration force and in addition to private capital agglomeration increase the concentration of the public input. Integration promotes dispersion forces with respect to the distribution of physical capital which are based on decreasing private returns. However, within the governments’ decision on the concentration of the public input, increasing integration reinforces agglomeration because it promotes the interregional productive use of the public input. Taking feedback effects between the private and the public sector into account leads to mutual reinforcement, hence agglomeration forces almost always dominate and the spreading equilibrium becomes unstable. If convergence is a separate (additional) political objective, it needs sustained additional political effort.

Quality of the home, daycare and neighborhood environment and the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children in early childhood: A mediation analysis

The objective of this study was to investigate how socioeconomic factors and the quality of ecological environments affect motor and cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children. This is a cross-sectional, predictive and correlational study using structural equation modeling to analyze data on 147 economic disadvantage children of 24–36 months attending public daycare. The Bayley-III Scales, the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Inventory, the Infant/Toddler Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition, a socioeconomic index and a specifically designed questionnaire on neighborhood quality were applied. The ecological environments did not affect motor development, but 25 % of variations in cognitive development were explained by socioeconomic differences and differences in the quality of the neighborhood, home and daycare. However, only the quality of the home and daycare had a direct impact, with the other factors affecting the outcome indirectly and to a lesser extent. In conclusion, this study investigated the association between the ecological contexts of economically disadvantaged children and their cognitive and motor development. The findings showed that the environmental context had effect on cognitive development. The home was the environment that exerted the most significant direct effect, followed by daycare and, indirectly and to a lesser extent, the neighborhood. Therefore, the coordination of public policies between health, education and social assistance sectors, aiming at the three ecological environments is important in order to promote the cognitive development of economically disadvantaged children.

Por que os conselhos não funcionam? Entraves federativos para a participação popular no Brasil

Este artigo busca contribuir para o debate sobre a efetividade dos conselhos municipais e as dificuldades para o seu funcionamento no Brasil, trazendo à luz variáveis e argumentos pouco explorados em trabalhos similares, como o federalismo, a coordenação de políticas públicas e accountability. A argumentação central utilizada se encontra no trabalho de Guillermo O'Donnell. Segundo o autor, a fragilidade das novas democracias estaria na accountability horizontal, que trata do arranjo institucional de responsabilização por meio de agências governamentais.

Public policy, footloose capital, and union influence

AbstractThis document sets up a unionized general oligopolistic equilibrium model of countries, where capital is footloose and governments maximize utilitarian welfare. When capital owners have weak influence on public policy, there is unemployment and the governments compete for jobs, causing a distortion with suboptimal wages. Then globalization—as characterized by a decrease in impediments to international investment—increases the wage elasticity of capital flight, decreasing wages and increasing employment. This benefits the capital owners and the unemployed workers getting a job, but harms the other workers. International coordination of public policy alleviates these consequences of globalization.

Internal Transparency: Compliance and Punishment in the Brazilian Municipal Budget Process

Much has been written about external transparency in the public sector. However, internal transparency – the inter and intra governmental disclosure of information – is commonly overlooked as an object of study. Underestimating the importance of internal transparency is surprising, as it is a determining factor for the coordination of public policies and the quality of democratic governance. This paper analyzes the short-and-long-term costs of failing to comply with internal transparency requirements linked to municipal budgets in general and education spending in particular. In this study, we employ mixed methods, quantitatively analyzing the short-term incentives to comply with education finance transparency requirements and, qualitatively, the future consequences of noncompliance. Results show that municipalities receiving the largest volume of voluntary transfers are more likely to meet internal transparency requirements; however, the costs of not fulfilling such requirements are low and easily reversible in the short-term. In the long-term, municipal officials who fail to comply with budget regulation, including internal transparency statutes, can face more severe consequences, such as the possibility of being barred from office. However, our results show relatively few instances of punishment and, on average, punishments are only levied after ten years of legal processes. Overall, our results show how the Audit Courts (Tribunais de Contas), as the lynchpin agents of budgetary accountability and enforcement for Brazil’s 5570 municipalities, are as important as they are ineffective.

Institutional Design and Spatial (In)equality – The Janus Face of Economic Integration

This paper analyzes within a spatial endogenous growth setting the impact of public policy coordination on agglomeration. Governments in each of the two symmetric regions provide a local public input that becomes globally effective due to economic integration. Micro-foundation of governmental behavior is based on three different coordination schemes: autarky, full or partial coordination. Scale effects act as agglomeration force and in addition to private capital agglomeration increase the concentration of the public input. Integration promotes dispersion forces with respect to the distribution of physical capital which are based on decreasing private returns. However, within the governments’ decision on the concentration of the public input, increasing integration reinforces agglomeration because it promotes the inter-regional productive use of the public input. Taking feedback effects between the private and the public sector into account leads to mutual reinforcement, hence agglomeration forces almost always dominate and the spreading equilibrium becomes unstable. If convergence is a separate (additional) political objective, it needs sustained additional political effort.

РОЛЬ ПРОКУРАТУРИ В ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННІ ПОСТУПАЛЬНОГО РОЗВИТКУ ДЕРЖАВНОЇ СЛУЖБИ

The purpose of the article is to highlight the problematic issues in reforming the civil service and the role of prosecuting authorities in improving the quality of service delivery and public confidence. Methods. In defining and working out the directions of reforming public administration, the theoretical and prognostic method was used. Results. The directions of public administration reform are defined: formation and coordination of public policy; modernization of the civil service and human resources management; ensuring accountability of public administration bodies; provision of administrative services; management of public finances. The need for raising public confidence in state institutions of public power during reforms was emphasized. The article covers the problems of reforming the civil service in the context of the European integration process in Ukraine, and the role of the prosecutor’s office in this reform. Based on the analysis of legal acts defining these areas, the problem issues of public service in the prosecutor’s office and the State Bureau of Investigation are identified. It is emphasized that effective public administration implies the ability of a country to provide administrative services and ensure its economic growth and competitiveness in the international arena. Civil service reform largely determines the success of other reforms, the results of which are directly dependent on the quality of government decisions. The directions of public administration reform are defined: formation and coordination of public policy; modernization of the civil service and human resources management; ensuring accountability of public administration bodies; provision of administrative services; management of public finances. It is proved that the reform of the civil service largely determines the success of other reforms, the results of which are directly dependent on the quality of the administrative decisions of the state bodies. It has been found out that the reform of the civil service is an integral part of the more general reform of the public administration (public administration) together with the reform of the system of executive bodies, the reform of administrative services, the reform of the system of public finances. It has been concluded that the implementation of public administration reform – in general and the prosecutor's office – in particular, can produce the following results: improving the quality of public services to be provided by competent staff. The prosecution service must be depoliticized, stable and professional, citizen-oriented in order to accomplish its tasks in the interests of the state, transparent and controlled by civil society. Ultimately, this will increase citizens' confidence in government and public institutions, which is the key to the success of reforms.