Coordination Challenges Research Articles

Ukraine in the context of implementing the OECD recommendation on effective public investment across levels of government

The article examines the implementation of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government in Ukraine. The article covers the nature and peculiarities of the OECD Recommendation and analyzes the process of its implementation by Ukraine. The purpose of the Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government is to help governments at all levels assess the strengths and weaknesses of their public investment capacity using a country-wide approach and identify priorities for improvement. Given the downward trend in public investment, especially in times of crisis, it is very important for governments at all levels to be efficient, i.e., to be able to deliver better results with less costs and to spend more wisely. The problem is much broader than just funding investment, as it concerns the most efficient use of investment funds, for which different levels of government may lack appropriate management tools even if investment funding is available. The scope of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and the list of legal instruments it is developing are described. The article outlines three systematic challenges to multi-level public investment management that impede the achievement of the best outcomes: coordination challenges, capacity challenges, and framework challenges. It notes that to address these issues, the OECD has developed a Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government, which takes into account the above challenges and is built on three key pillars: coordination of public investment at different levels of government and policy; strengthening public investment capacity and promoting policy learning at all levels of government; and ensuring an appropriate framework for public investment at all levels of government. The framework covers twelve principles, which in turn include specific steps for implementing the OECD Recommendation in practice. The principles set out in the Recommendation are applicable to national, regional, and local governments and address aspects that are relevant to other stakeholders in public investment. The implementation of the OECD Recommendation on Effective Public Investment Across Levels of Government will allow Ukraine to benefit from the experience of successful OECD countries in this area, and the increase in the efficiency of public investment will signal to foreign investors that investing in Ukraine is a viable option. The article also examines the steps taken by Ukraine on the way to establishing and strengthening cooperation with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, in particular in terms of implementing the Recommendation, and outlines the main problematic issues on this path. Ukraine’s cooperation with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development is extremely important for ensuring its economic well-being, both at the national, regional, and local levels.

Global Coordination Challenges in the Transition to Clean Technology: Lessons from Automotive Innovation

Global Coordination Challenges in the Transition to Clean Technology: Lessons from Automotive Innovation

Tax Coordination Challenges and Solutions in the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area under the Digital Economy Context

Tax Coordination Challenges and Solutions in the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area under the Digital Economy Context

A Framework for Evaluating Mechanisms to Support Seasonal Migratory Species

Effectively supporting seasonal migratory species requires spatial and temporal coordination of mechanisms to induce conservation, often across many public and private actors. We develop a framework to evaluate the efficacy of such mechanisms based on two salient ecological characteristics of migratory species: route plasticity and resilience. We describe how combinations of these characteristics heighten the relevance of four challenges facing spatial–temporal coordination of migratory species support: free riding, holdouts, transaction costs, and transnational coordination. After detailing how the available mechanisms might best meet migratory species’ needs and mitigate coordination challenges across resilience and route plasticity space, we use the framework to identify combinations of mechanisms that can support the needs of two migratory species: mule deer and monarchs.

Centralized Control Method for Voltage Coordination Challenges With OLTC and D-STATCOM in Smart Distribution Networks Based IoT Communication Protocol

This paper proposes a coordination method for the voltage control devices based on optimal settings of the D-STATCOMs, on the load tap changer (OLTC) transformer and the distributed generations (DGs)-based renewable energy resources (RERs). The central controller is introduced to handle the active smart distribution network (SDN) problems to maintain the voltage profile within its permissible limits, minimize power losses in different operating conditions, and minimize the energy wastage from the distributed renewable energy resources. These problems are formulated as a multi-objective optimization problem. With increasing load demand and RERs in the distribution system, voltage coordination threatens real-time efficiency. In this research work, central controller-based Gorilla Troops optimization (GTO) algorithm is proposed to detect the optimum solutions for the voltage coordination problem. The load demand uncertainty and the stochastic nature of power generated from RERs (PV panels and wind turbines) are considered in the voltage coordination problem due to their significant effects on the operation and planning of the SDN. The proposed SDN has been represented based on the Internet of Things (IoT) communication protocol. It enhances the data and information transfer between the system-connected agents. A practical test system, NDEDC-24 bus radial distribution network from the North Delta Electrical Distribution Company and IEEE-33 node system are used to test and evaluate the proposed method. The results are compared with other well-known evolutionary methods. The proposed method obtains more accurate results than the other methods.

Models and Challenges of Coordination in Regional Disaster Management

Disaster is a complex problem that requires coordination with many parties. The results of previous studies regarding disaster management in Wajo indicated that there were coordination problems in disaster management in Wajo. This study aims to explain the coordination of disaster management in Wajo from the perspective of the models and challenges of disaster management in Wajo. This study uses a qualitative approach with the Gadamerian hermeneutic method to find the meaning of coordination texts in the context of pre-disaster management. Data collection was carried out through document analysis and interviews. The results of the study revealed that the coordination of disaster management in Wajo was running well at the disaster preparedness stage but was still not optimal at the pre-disaster stage. We found three meanings of coordination in disaster management in Wajo. First, coordination because of their awareness of the limitations they have. Second, coordination serves as fulfillment of the requirements of sponsorship activities. Third, coordination is an innovation to overcome problems. Coordination in Wajo is hampered by the actors' interpretation of the subject and object of disaster management coordination.

Asymmetric intermolecular allylic C-H amination of alkenes with aliphatic amines.

Aliphatic allylic amines are found in a great variety of complex and biorelevant molecules. The direct allylic C-H amination of alkenes serves as the most straightforward method toward these motifs. However, use of widely available internal alkenes with aliphatic amines in this transformation remains a synthetic challenge. In particular, palladium catalysis faces the twin challenges of inefficient coordination of Pd(II) to internal alkenes but excessively tight and therefore inhibitory coordination of Pd(II) by basic aliphatic amines. We report a general solution to these problems. The developed protocol, in contrast to a classical Pd(II/0) scenario, operates through a blue light-induced Pd(0/I/II) manifold with mild aryl bromide oxidant. This open-shell approach also enables enantio- and diastereoselective allylic C-H amination.

Public Works as A Safety Net: Evidence and implementation in South African municipalities

This article analyses the coordination processes, challenges, and outcomes of the South African Expanded Public Works Programme (EPWP) as the social safety net related to poverty and unemployment, drawing on the Cape Town and Mangaung Metropolitan Municipalities case studies. The article draws from a qualitative desktop approach based on an extensive literature review. The study findings reveal similar institutional challenges as a deterrent to the effectiveness of the EPWP in addressing poverty and unemployment. These include political interference, lack of reporting, human resources training, administrative capacity, adequate funding, and the absence of an EPWP structure. To remedy these challenges, South African municipalities should improve monitoring, evaluation, talent management, and foster public-private partnership synergies.

Public Banking: From Feasibility to Implementation

The purpose of this study is to explore the obstacles towards implementation of a public banking system within the United States through a review of the literature on public banking. A review of the literature on public banking demonstrates fluidity in the definition of public banking as legislative efforts attempt to take the path of least resistance towards implementation. This study provides macro and micro benefits and challenges for formation. Global examples of public banking systems are reviewed along with political challenges in coordination and cooperation learned from the COVID-19 pandemic. This literature review concludes with practitioner observations at the micro level on the potential impact in forming a public bank along with future research opportunities. The study also includes narrative around implementation challenges in determining capitalization requirements in the formation of a public bank.

Exploring Social Contracts: Enhancing Cooperation and Collaboration between Businesses and Communities

Even though the term “social contract” has been around for a while, its definition has evolved to fit the circumstances in a particular region. This study examines the idea of social contracts in the dynamic Indonesian environment, with a focus on partnerships between businesses and communities. This study examines the changing social dynamics within Indonesian society by using a qualitative research methodology and conducting a thorough literature review. It investigates how social contracts can address problems with cooperation and interaction between various groups. The findings underscore two significant factors that influence social contracts: coordination challenges within the same group and competition challenges between different groups. To effectively address these challenges, it is crucial to comprehend both intra-group and inter-group dynamics. The study concludes by discussing the Indonesian perspective on social contracts within the framework of existing rules and regulations, emphasizing the necessity of raising awareness and establishing a well-defined social contract framework to promote inclusive development and social harmony. It is necessary to create awareness about how social contracts help maintain inclusive development and the need to live within the means of social harmony based on social contracts established with a clear framework to realize a peaceful society. This study offers valuable insights into Indonesia’s evolving concept of social contracts. It underscores the pivotal role of collaboration between companies and communities in adapting to the rapidly changing Indonesian environment. Doi: 10.28991/HEF-2022-03-04-005 Full Text: PDF

Barriers and Facilitators for Patient-Centered Care for Hospitalized COVID Patients: Lived Experiences from Ex-hospitalized Patients and Health Care Professionals

The COVID pandemic has challenged patient-centeredness, an increasingly valued approach in the pursuit of high-quality care. This research aimed to explore barriers and facilitators for patient-centered care (PCC) in the context of the COVID pandemic. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven ex-hospitalized COVID patients and ten health care professionals (HCPs) who have cared for this patient group. A phenomenological design was used with a photo-elicitation method to capture participants’ lived experiences. Findings indicate that COVID entailed multiple and interrelated barriers across all dimensions of PCC. COVID care practices like intubation and isolation also negatively impacted patients’ physical comfort, ability to communicate, and emotional well-being. Despite HCPs’ motivation to improve patients’ well-being, they were hampered by serious barriers, including a lack of time and challenges in care coordination. Due to these difficulties, the question can be raised whether PCC during a communicable disease pandemic is feasible. Nevertheless, as shown in this study, key facilitators such as digital communication tools and a holistic and personal care approach demonstrate that rendering PCC remains vital and should be aimed for and that this could be informed by the lived experiences of HCPs and patients.

Can cooperative business models solve horizontal and vertical coordination challenges? A case study in the Australian pineapple industry

For agricultural products, cooperative systems are an alternative to independent business arrangements that can be used to solve the simultaneous need to coordinate supply from disaggregated producers and improve efficiencies. This study analyses how a hybrid cooperative business model can solve horizontal and vertical coordination challenges, drawing on an analysis of a pineapple cooperative business, Tropical Pines, in Queensland. Semi-structured interviews with a cross section of key stakeholders and thematic content analysis are used to identify key factors. Leadership, information sharing, trust, market forecasting, risk sharing, accountability, and provision of agronomic and other support to growers are identified as key factors that distinguish this cooperative hybrid model from more standard business models. Achieving both horizontal and vertical integration maximises resource utilisation and returns to growers, as well as reducing market uncertainty and maximizing product consistency. However, there are also higher costs involved with hybrid models, particularly the focus on communication and engagement required to maintain the trust of growers. These costs increase with the size and complexity of the cooperative, which creates a tension because size and scale are often required to generate the efficiencies and market power necessary to deliver benefits. • Cooperatives can coordinate agricultural supply chains in horizontal and vertical dimensions. • This study analyses a pineapple cooperative business in Australia. • Achieving simultaneous horizontal and vertical integration maximises resource utilisation. • Higher costs mean cooperative models need to deliver higher returns.

Global ocean governance in the Anthropocene: From extractive imaginaries to planetary boundaries?

AbstractAs with other fields of international law addressing human‐nature relations, the Anthropocene invites the reappraisal and reimagining of the law of the sea, the primary normative framework through which states regulate access to, and the use of, the global ocean. The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) effected a major shift in global ocean governance towards a public order of the seas. However, the law of the sea remains substantially tethered to a Holocene conception of the ocean as a stable environmental domain of extractive exploitation and jurisdictional demarcation. This is illustrated by the confined scope of negotiations on a new implementing agreement under UNCLOS on the conservation and use of marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. Additionally, there has been limited acknowledgment of the multiple sites at which ocean governance in the Anthropocene takes place, in particular the central role of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. It is contended that one way forward for addressing both these conceptual constraints and the UNCLOS and UNFCCC regime coordination challenges is the adoption of global ocean governance goals informed by the ‘Planetary Boundaries’ framework.

Mid-term evaluation of Maternal and Child Nutrition Programme (MCNP II) in Kenya

BackgroundKenya is faced with a triple burden of malnutrition which is multi-faceted with health and socio-economic implications. Huge geographical disparities exist, especially, in the arid and semi-arid lands exacerbated by inadequate resource allocation to the nutrition sector and challenges in multi-sectoral coordination and nutrition governance. UNICEF’s Maternal and Child Nutrition Programme is a four-year (2018–2022) resilience-building, multi-sectoral program focused on pregnant and lactating women, mothers of children under five years and children under five years. The objective of the mid-term evaluation was to establish the relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of the programme.MethodsThe field evaluation conducted between June and July 2021, adopted a concurrent mixed-methods approach, where qualitative information was gathered through 29 key informant interviews and 18 focus group discussions (6 FGDs per population group; women of reproductive age, adolescent girls and men). Quantitatively, data were obtained through desk review of secondary data from programme reports, budgets, and project outputs where descriptive analysis was undertaken using Excel software. Qualitative information was organized using Nvivo software and analyzed thematically.ResultsThe findings provide evidence of the relevance of the Maternal and Child Nutrition Programme II to the nutrition situation in Kenya and its alignment with the Government of Kenya and donor priorities. Most planned programme targets were achieved despite operating in a COVID-19 pandemic environment. The use of innovative approaches such as family mid-upper arm circumference, integrated management of acute malnutrition surge model, Malezi bora and Logistic Management Information Management System contributed to the realization of effective outputs and outcomes. Stringent financial management strategies contributed toward programme efficiencies; however, optimal utilization of the resources needs further strengthening. The programme adopted strategies for strengthening local capacity and promoting ownership and long-term sustainability.ConclusionThe programme is on track across the four evaluation criteria. However, a few suggestions are recommended to improve relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability. A formal transition strategy needs to be developed in consultation with multi-stakeholder groups and implemented in phases. UNICEF Nutrition section should explore a more integrated programming mode of delivery through joint initiatives with other agencies under the Delivery as One UN agenda, along the more gender transformative approaches with more systematic involvement of males and females in gender-based discussions.

Preface

The purpose of this paper which serves as an introduction to the special edition of the quarterly of “Finanse i Prawo finansowe. Journal of Finance and Financial Law” under the title of Current Challenges for National Tax Policies and International Tax Coordination – Selected Issues from the Polish, Spanish and International Perspectives, is to outline major issues and challenges in shaping national and international tax policies. The research hypothesis is that, to a large extent, the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, but also the changing economic reality associated with the progressive internationalization and digitalization of business activity, pose numerous and significant challenges in the field of shaping tax policies, both at the national and international level. The research was carried out using a dogmatic-legal and legal-comparative method, taking into account the provisions of law, the body of literature as well as some economic data. The result of the research is to establish a starting point for further analysis of selected topics that reflect the major current challenges for national tax policies and international tax coordination. They include the question of legitimacy of taxes, the issues of correct realisation of the fiscal function of taxes while at the same time implementing the basic tax principles, the matter of tax compliance and the question of tax policy-shaping within the framework of the democratic law-governed state. Those issues presented from the Polish and Spanish perspectives, hopefully may provide an interesting contribution and make a valuable input to further discussions on the issue of shaping tax policies, both at the national and international levels.

Unveiling coordination contracts’ roles considering circular economy and eco-innovation toward pharmaceutical supply chain resiliency: Evidence of an emerging economy

The integration of Circular Economy (CE) and Eco-Innovation (EI) principles flourished as a primary paradigm in Supply Chain Management (SCM) toward both sustainable growth and resiliency. Nonetheless, the challenges in paving the way for CE and EI-focused SCM are the most significant dilemma. Accordingly, this paper attempts to identify the most significant challenges with a case study on the pharmaceutical industry of Iran's emerging economy. Then provide a novel strategic guideline, which roots in the coordination mechanisms. Indeed, this is one of the first papers to provide in-depth insights into the interaction between coordination contracts and challenges of CE and EI-focused Pharmaceutical SCM (PSCM) towards sustainability and resilience fulfillment. To do so, a novel mixed method has been employed. First, a systematic literature review (SLR) has been applied to extract those challenges. Next, according to experts' views, the Fuzzy-Delphi method has been employed to screen the extracted challenges. Afterwards, a list of Game Theoretical Coordination Contracts (GTCCs) was identified via the second stream of literature review. Then, the fuzzy version of SECA (Simultaneous Evaluation of Criteria and Alternatives) has innovatively been developed to measure the finalized challenge weights and GTCC performance scores simultaneously. Eventually, GTCCs were clustered, and the results denoted that the diamond category, including cost-tariff, profit-sharing, cost-sharing, and revenue-sharing-commission, would be the appropriate mechanism for dealing with the inefficiency of Supply Chain (SC) main functions.

Organizational Distance Also Matters

Geographically distributed teams often face challenges in coordination and collaboration, lowering their productivity. Understanding the relationship between team dispersion and productivity is critical for supporting such teams. Extensive prior research has studied these relations in lab settings or using qualitative measures. This paper extends prior work by contributing an empirical case study in a real-world organization, using quantitative measures. We studied 117 new research project teams from the same discipline within an industrial research lab for 6 months. During this time, all teams shared one goal: submitting research papers to the same target conference. We analyzed these teams' dispersion-related characteristics as well as team productivity. Interestingly, we found little statistical evidence that geographic and time differences relate to team productivity. However, organizational and functional distances are predictive of the productivity of the dispersed teams we studied. We discuss the open research questions these findings revealed and their implications for future research.

Strengthening mechanism of 2219 Al-Cu alloy by room-temperature random vibration

Conventional thermal strengthening treatments face the challenges of high energy consumption, environmental pollution, and low coordination between strength and toughness. This study attempted to suppress these imperfections by proposing a novel approach that employed room-temperature random vibration (RRV). The microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in detail. The 2219 Al-Cu alloy is in a tension–compression bidirectional stress state during random vibration, and its stress state changes with frequency, which induces dislocation movement and multiplication. The dislocation movement eventually develops into a dislocation network, resulting in the dislocation pinning effect. Notably, the dislocation migration promotes the diffusion of solute and forms solute clusters owing to tension–compression deformation. The content of the coarse second phase particles (CSPP) decreased greatly with a small narrow precipitate-free zone (PFZ) width after random vibration treatment. The tensile and yield strength were improved by 13.5% and 17.6%, respectively, after RRV treatment. The ductility increases simultaneously, differing from conventional heat treatment processes, which is attributed to the joint action effect of dislocations, second-phase particles, and solute clusters. The findings confirm a new route for Al-Cu alloys to obtain excellent mechanical properties and provide valuable insight into the strengthening mechanism of room-temperature random vibration.

ODP270 Prevalence of Primary Hyperaldosteronism in Patients with Resistant Hypertension - An Outpatient Cross-Sectional Clinic-Based Study

Abstract Background Primary hyperaldosteronism is the non-suppressible over secretion of aldosterone caused either by an adenoma or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia. Although its reported prevalence is 8-10% in recent studies, intraindividual variability for aldosterone levels poses diagnostic challenges during the screening of these patients. In this study, we aim to assess the prevalence of primary hyperaldosteronism in patients presenting with drug-resistant hypertension, with or without hypokalemia, at a general endocrinology practice with an emphasis on the variability of renin and aldosterone levels in the screening tests used to detect primary hyperaldosteronism. Method: We included participants presenting at our outpatient clinic from June 2020 until January 2022 with blood pressure>140/90mm Hg despite the use of three antihypertensive medications including a diuretic. The screening tests used were morning (8-9 AM) plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) and plasma renin (PR) level. Aldosterone was measured using L iquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry assay determined by Mayo Clinic. The screening was considered positive when PAC was>10 ng/dL (277 pmol/l) and PR was <1 ng/ml/hr. The tests were repeated if PAC was between 5-10 ng/dL and PR was between 1-2 ng/ml/hr without any medication changes. If the repeat PR was >2 ng/ml/hr, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers were stopped and changed to calcium channel blockers, and the patient was tested again after 2 weeks. Positive results were further tested with 24-hour urinary aldosterone excretion during high dietary salt ingestion with 24-hour urine sodium and creatinine. Primary hyperaldosteronism was confirmed if plasma renin activity was <1. 0 ng/mL per hour and urinary aldosterone was >12 mcg/24-hour during high urinary sodium excretion (>200 mEq/24-hour). Results We studied a total of 138 patients during this study period. Mean age was 58.7 years and BMI 33.7 kg/m 2, out of which 95 participants had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 7 had obstructive sleep apnea, and 20 had chronic kidney disease stage 3 or higher. We found 3 patients were positive on screening tests and two patients were confirmed to have primary hyperaldosteronism, making prevalence 2/138(1.45%). Conclusion Hyperaldosteronism is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, especially resistant hypertension. Repeat testing of aldosterone levels with intraindividual variability can be very challenging, and time-consuming resulting in repeated follow-up visits and multiple communications with providers posing challenges for effective care coordination, and financial burden on patients. Further large-scale studies are recommended to re-analyze the protocols for screening hyperaldosteronism and treatment initiation without extensive confirmatorytesting. We also suggest health care providers emphasize on effective management of other secondary causes of hypertension such as obesity and Metabolic Syndrome with diabetes for a greater impact on blood pressure control on these patients. Presentation: No date and time listed

COVID-19 Impacts on Whale-Watching Collaboration Networks

Whale-watching tourism generates high-income seasonal livelihoods in coastal communities on the Mexican Pacific Coast; however, this sector is at risk from accelerated global changes. We evaluated the responses of a collaboration of tourism networks regarding the impacts COVID-19 using a longitudinal social network approach. We used a two-wave snowball method to identify potential interviewees and followed geographic and jurisdictional criteria using a face-to-face survey to map collaboration ties between 38 stakeholders involved in whale-watching tourism before and after the second wave of the pandemic. We also asked this group of stakeholders about their perceived impacts of COVID-19. We found slightly higher connectivity and centralization levels in the social networks after the pandemic. Loss of income and reservations, a decrease in both conservations and pollution, and an increase in the reduction in wildlife tourism were the main self-reported impacts. We also detected harmful pandemic legacies, such as whale-watching tours conducted using unregulated private boats. This research directly informs Mexico’s whale-watching tourism policy by showing the management and coordination challenges that stakeholders face in a post-pandemic context. While the social fabric of coastal communities has been resilient to the COVID-19 pandemic, we found indications that the governance of marine resources can easily unravel if rule of law is absent.