Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory Research Articles

Arithmetical Analysis of Gender-Based Relative Behavior on Life Satisfaction and Self-esteemed Mental Health

Term ‘Gender’ is very challenging and burdened with variety of meaning when it comes to its socialization though social norms in India. Even though the gender difference is an unsolicited issue in Indian society, its effect is very much reflected in Indian culture from office to home and lane to metros. Another major esteemed obsession due to gender shows that effect is life satisfaction, self-esteem, and mental health of adults. The major objective of this investigation was to scrutinize gender differences on self-esteem, life satisfaction, and mental health of male, female, and transgender of mainly studied in Rajasthan and Haryana state (India). This study is sampled differently in the process of Snowball sampling from 240 adults (80 males, 80 females, and 80 transgender) ranged in age 31–45 years. While collecting data, different collection observations like Cooper-Smith self-esteem inventory, life satisfaction scale, and general health questionnaire were used. In this study, only two measures of general health questionnaire namely anxiety/insomnia and severe depression were used in data analysis. This data is statistically analyzed with Chi-square test distribution and analyzed widely with ANOVA table and most importantly F test proceeding. Again, graphical representations showing 3D simulation among gender, F value and df value from F test and Chi-square test are thoroughly investigated. The findings revealed that self-esteem significantly positively correlated with life satisfaction; anxiety symptoms and severe depression significantly negatively correlated with both the self-esteem and life satisfaction. The main purpose behind using F test impotently revealed that gender balance is how it varies with self-esteem, life satisfaction, anxiety/insomnia, and severe depression. Overall, it shows an amazing result that reveals how males are significantly better on life satisfaction though females in case of mental health and self-esteem than transgender.

Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Negative Emotional State with Academic Procrastination in Final Level Students

Self-esteem and negative emotional state have a role in the tendency of students to do academic procrastination in completing the final assignments. This study aims to determine the relationship between self-esteem and negative emotional state with academic procrastination in last year's students — the research conducted at the Biology Education and Biology Department, Jakarta State University, in July 2019. The method used was descriptive correlational. The research sample was 48 Biology students from 2012, 2013, and 2014 who had not graduated on time selected by simple random sampling. The instruments used were the Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42), and academic procrastination questionnaires. The analysis prerequisite test results obtained by data distribution normally and homogeneously. The result is a significant relationship between self-esteem and negative emotional states with academic procrastination in final year college students.

Internet addiction prevalence in youths and its relation with depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and bullying

Objective: This study aims to investigate the prevalence of internet addiction (IA), the predictors of IA, and its relation with depressive symptoms, self-esteem, and peer bullying. Methods: The sample of this study were selected from high school students in the city center of Mus, Turkey, by using a multistage sampling method. Students completed the Internet Addiction Scale, Peer Bullying Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory, and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Data obtained from 1150 students were analyzed. Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was 11.7%. IA scores correlated negatively with self-esteem scores and positively with depression scores. Students involved in the bullying cycle had a statistically significantly higher mean internet addiction score than those who were not involved in the cycle. Results of binary logistic regression analysis show that students who are both bully and victim are more likely to be addicted to the internet (odds ratio=1.68) than students who are not in the bullying cycle. Every unit increase in the depression score is associated with a 3.8% increase in the odds of being addicted to the internet. For every unit increase in the self-esteem score, the odds of internet addiction decreases by 1.7%. Conclusion: Results show that involvement in bullying, depression, and low self-esteem are predictors of internet addiction. Depression and low self-esteem should be the concurrent predictors for both bullying and internet addiction. Clinical interventions for internet addiction or bullying should include depression and low self-esteem.

Tennis players and their levels of self-esteem. A comparative study on psychology at an intercollegiate tennis tournament?

The present research was conducted to investigate the relationship between tennis playing and self-esteem, and also, some variables at an intercollegiate tennis tournament. To this and, a total of 240 students (Mage:21,05±1,78) from different universities voluntarily participated in the study. In the process, as a data collection tool, Coopersmith Self-esteem inventory by developed Coopersmith in 1967 was used in this study and it was used to determine the participants' scores of self-esteem. A comparing design was used in the present research. This design was chosen because differences between three and more parameters were investigated in the study group. Descriptive statistics and frequency analysis were calculated for determining demographic features and scores (M, SD etc.). Participants were compared using MannWhitney U & Kruskal-Wallis H Tests analysis. According to the results of the research, there was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between male and female students. There was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem among different departments and universities. There was not a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between having a physical injury and not having a physical injury. On the other hand, there was a significant statistical difference in self-esteem between having a psychological disorder and not having a psychological disorder. This result shows that playing tennis can change the self-esteem level in a positive direction.

Disentangling the Relationship Between Self-Esteem and Problematic Alcohol Use Among College Students: Evidence From a Cluster Analytic Approach.

Investigation of the relationship between self-esteem and alcohol use among college students has yielded discrepant results. We hypothesized that these discrepancies could originate from a potential heterogeneity of self-esteem patterns among young adult with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). A community sample of 343 college students was recruited and categorized with or without AUD using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test cut-offs. College students were compared on the dimensions of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) as well as mood, impulsiveness, alcohol- and other substance-related measures, including drinking motives. A cluster analysis conducted among college students with AUD highlighted two subgroups characterized by contrasting patterns on the CSEI: one group with a high level of self-esteem and low levels of anxiety and depression symptoms and one group with a low level of self-esteem and high levels of impulsiveness, mood symptoms and drinking to cope motives. Findings caution against assuming that AUD is associated with low self-esteem, as reported in previous studies. These results rather emphasize a heterogeneity of self-esteem in college students, showing that high self-esteem was also related to AUD. Implications of these results are major for prevention purposes and clinical practice.

Effects of the Tell Me About Me Program: Perception of Social Support, Self-Esteem, and Self-Compassion in Older Adults.

The aim of the current quasi-experimental study was to investigate the effect of the Tell Me About Me program on the perception of social support, self-esteem, and self-compassion among 44 older adults in a nursing home in Turkey. Data were collected from May 2015 to May 2016 via a sociodemographic characteristics form, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and Self-Compassion Scale. The difference found between the mean scores of participants' perceived social support and self-esteem on the pretest, posttest, and retest was statistically significant (p < 0.01), but the difference in their mean scores in self-compassion on the pretest, posttest, and retest was not significant (p > 0.05). It is recommended that this program be used for improving social support and self-esteem among older adults. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 45(10), 39-46.].

Effects of relaxation on self-esteem of patients with cancer: a randomized clinical trial.

Cancer is usually associated with decreased self-esteem. Relaxation is one of the most effective methods to promote self-esteem of patients with chronic diseases. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of relaxation on self-esteem of patients with cancer. This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 80 patients with cancer. The samples were selected by convenience sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. In the experimental group, the patients implemented relaxation techniques once a day for 30min during 60 consecutive days in addition to receiving routine care, while patients in the control group received only routine care. Before and after the intervention, the Persian version of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was completed. After the interventions, significant differences were observed between groups in favor of the relaxation group in total score of CSEI and all its subscales (P =0.0001). In the experimental group, a significant increase in total score and all subscales of CSEI was observed after the intervention (P =0.001), whereas in the control group, a significant decrease was found in all dimensions (P =0.001). The relaxation seems to be potentially effective in promoting self-esteem of patients with cancer. Further studies, particularly randomized clinical trials with higher sample size and more power, are needed to confirm the obtained findings.

Spiritual Health and Resilience Among University Students: the Mediating Role of Self-Esteem

Due to the positive effects of resilience on different dimensions of health, the aim of this study was to propose and examine a model for a deeper understanding of the predictive factors of resilience. In this hypothetical model, self-esteem was suggested as the mediator of the relationship between spiritual health and resilience. This correlational design’s statistical sample consisted of 240 university students who were chosen via multilevel cluster sampling from different faculties of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2018. For data collecting, the Spiritual Health Questionnaire, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were utilized, and for data analysis, the Pearson correlation method and structural equation modeling were calculated using SPSS 18 and LISREL 8.5 software. According to the results of the current study, self-esteem played a partially mediating role in the relation between spiritual health and resilience. The fitness indices demonstrated satisfying fitness of the model. Since spiritual and religious beliefs are important topics in the lives of the people of Iran, it is possible to strengthen the field of self-esteem and resilience through education on spirituality and increase their positive attitudes toward life.

Effects of Institutionalization and Parental Living Status on Children's Self-Esteem, and Externalizing and Internalizing Problems in Rwanda.

The negative effects of institutionalization on children’s wellbeing and psychological adjustment have been extensively documented. Throughout the world, particularly in developing countries, many children in residential child care institutions known as orphanages have parents, and it is not clear how this situation affects the psychological adjustment of institutionalized children. This study aimed at investigating specifically whether institutionalization impacts negatively children’s psychological adjustment defined in terms of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and self-esteem and whether having living parents or not has an additional influence. Children were recruited in Rwanda from seven registered institutions and six primary schools. Ninety-six institutionalized children (48 orphans, who lost at least one parent, and 46 non-orphans, who had both parents living) and 84 non-institutionalized children, who lived in a family (28 orphans and 56 non-orphans) aged 9 to 16 participated. The caregivers or parents assessed externalizing and internalizing behavior problems using the Child Behavior Checklist. Children completed the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Controlling for gender, age, and residential area, analyses of covariance revealed that institutionalized children had significantly more externalizing behavior problems than had non-institutionalized children. In addition, non-orphans had more externalizing behavior problems than had orphans, regardless of whether they lived in an institution or not. There were no group differences in internalizing behavior problems, but there was a significant main effect of the parental living status (orphans vs. non-orphans) and a significant interaction effect between parental living status and institutionalization on self-esteem. Self-esteem of non-orphans in families was significantly higher than self-esteem of the other groups. This should be considered when making the decision to place a child in an institution, especially when her or his parents are still living, and when developing supportive programs for children without adequate parental care.

Low Self-esteem and its Relation with Psychological Distress among Dental Students

Since self-esteem has been recognized to predict health and psychological well-being, it is crucial to assess the self-esteem and its relation with psychological distress. Methodology: This study was conducted among 257 dental students. The psychological distress was assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) while self-esteem was assessed using the adult form of the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Results: Female students had significantly lower self-esteem compared to male students (51.4 and 59.1 respectively). There is a strong negative correlation between psychological distress and self-esteem (r= -0.5, p&lt;0.00). Students with psychological distress had significantly lower mean self-esteem score compared to those who are not distressed (43.07 and 60.03 respectively). Conclusion: Low self-esteem is higher among female students and self-esteem is negatively correlated to psychological distress among undergraduate students.

Българска адаптация на въпросника на купърсмит за измерване на самооценката при възрастни (форма с)

Извършена е адаптация за български условия на скалата за изследване на самооценката на Купърсмит за възрастни (форма С). Участниците в изследването са 900, като част от тях са студенти от различни специалности в Университета по библиотекознание и информационни технологии – УниБИТ, а друга част са рекрутирани чрез онлайн форма на въпросника. Айтемите имат добри психометрични характеристики и тестът е с висока надеждност. Проверена е конструкт валидността на скалата чрез корелации с методики, измерващи ценности и удовлетвореност от живота. Извлечени са три съдържателни фактора, заслужаващи интерпретация (Личностна самооценка; Самооценка, произтичаща от другите; Самооценка, произтичаща от родителите). Въпросникът е нормиран за възрастни хора в България.

Exposure to caring parenting and adult mental health in extremely low birthweight survivors.

Individuals born at extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1000 g) are exposed to early adversities that increase the risk of mental health problems in later life. Caring parenting has been shown to offset the negative effects of early adversity in general population samples. However, the long-term impact of caring parenting on the mental health of preterm survivors in adulthood is not known. Using data from the world's oldest longitudinally followed cohort of ELBW survivors (n = 179) and matched normal birthweight (NBW) control participants (n = 145), we examined if caring parenting moderated the link between preterm birth and mental health at 30-35 years of age. Participants reported on the parenting they received from their mothers using the parental bonding instrument. Self-esteem and internalising problems (i.e. depression, anxiety) were self-reported at 30-35 years of age using the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Young Adult Self-Report questionnaire, respectively. A statistically significant interaction was found between birthweight status and caring maternal parenting on self-esteem and internalising psychopathology in adulthood. Stratified analyses demonstrated that caring parenting was associated with better self-esteem (P < 0.001) and lower levels of internalising symptoms (P = 0.001), but in NBW participants only. While the receipt of caring maternal parenting promoted mental health in adults born at NBW, it did not have the same protective effect on ELBW survivors. More research is needed to elucidate the aspects of parenting and the family environment that promote the long-term mental health of preterm survivors.

The Effectiveness of Group Spiritual Intervention on Self-esteem and Happiness Among Men Undergoing Methadone Maintenance Treatment.

Drug dependence or substance use disorder not only affects a person's life but also brings a lot of challenges for families and communities and imposes heavy burdens on them. There are various therapies in the domain of addiction whose main purposes are to reduce or to cut down substance abuse. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of group spiritual intervention on selfesteem and happiness among male clients undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. This study was an intervention study in which 60 clients affected with substance abuse and undergoing methadone maintenance treatment were recruited. The study samples were selected through convenience sampling method and then divided randomly into two groups of 30 individuals: intervention and control. The intervention group attended group spiritual interventions for 10 sessions. Self-esteem and happiness among the study participants were also measured through Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Oxford Happiness Questionnaire before and after the intervention. The results showed a significant difference between both intervention and control groups in terms of self-esteem and happiness (P < 0.05); so that the participants in the intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in their self-esteem and happiness. It was concluded that group spiritual intervention as a useful method could be effective in enhancing self-esteem and happiness among addicted individuals undergoing methadone maintenance treatment. The given treatment could be also used as a complementary therapy beside methadone maintenance treatment to reduce the likelihood of people returning to substance abuse.

Relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem among nursing students

Background Emotional intelligence and self-esteem are important factors that determine success in nursing practice. Assessing the levels of emotional intelligence and level of self-esteem for ascertaining student’s progress is important for guaranteeing competent nursing skills training. Aim The aim was to investigate emotional intelligence and self-esteem among nursing students. Design A descriptive cross-sectional design was used in this study. Setting The study was carried out at the Faculty of Nursing, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt. Patients and methods Four hundred nursing students were randomly selected from different academic levels using simple random sampling. Tools The data was collected using two tools: Schutte Emotional Intelligence Scale and Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory, in addition to sociodemographic and academic data sheet. Results The results showed that more than half of the studied students had moderate levels of emotional intelligence and the majority had problematic level of self-esteem (low and moderate). There was a positive significant relation between emotional intelligence level and self-esteem among nursing students. Recommendations The present study recommends that the student’s level of emotional intelligence and self-esteem should be evaluated earlier to admission to the Faculty of Nursing, and integrate emotional intelligence into the nursing curriculums.

Ten-Year Experience Outcomes of a Day Treatment for Children and Adolescents with Psychiatric Disorders.

It was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a day treatment clinic in Turkey and which has been serving for ten years for children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. 262 patients who completed day treatment within ten years were tested at intake and discharge. The patients' functioning was assessed using the Children's Global Assesment Scale (CGAS), Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGIS), state-trait anxiety inventory for children, depression rating scale for children, Coopersmith self-esteem inventory for children. Pre/post treatment comparisons were made on same variables. Statistical analyses showed that, improvement was maintained on all measures. The high CGAS scores at discharge were showed well-being and good functioning of patients. The CGIS scores varied from moderately disturbed (4.83±0.88) to much improved (2.55±0.93) demonstrated that treatment responses showed improvement. Wilcoxon T tests showed that patients were significantly more anxious and depressive at intake and had more problems in self esteem. State-trait anxiety inventory for children and depression rating scale for children scores decreased and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory for children scores improved with day treatment. This study points that as results of ten-year experience, day treatment approach seems effective and therefore to be the treatment of choice for treating children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. It also shows the necessity of a treatment that combines multiple modalities like day treatment and day treatment must be more generalize for these patient population.

Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Cognitive Behavior Therapy (BT) untuk Meningkatkan Self-Esteem Pada Remaja Perempuan

Self-esteem accorded a prominent role in the transition adolescence to adulthood. High self-esteem was associated with life satisfaction and predicts success and well-being in life domains. Otherwise, low self-esteem predicted depressive symptoms and as an indicator of various forms of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. This study aimed to determine effectiveness the principles of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to increase self-esteem. This study uses single-subject research design. The participant of this study is a 13 years 8 months old girl who has low self-esteem. Self-esteem was measured by a Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) from Coopersmith (1967), adolescent’s behavior was measured by Child Behavioral Checklist (CBCL), and supported by interview with adolescent and parent. This intervention consists of three stages, such as the pre-intervention that consists of one session, the intervention that consists of eight sessions, and the post-intervention that consist of one session. The result of this study indicates that CBT can increase self-esteem, especially in certain domains, such as school and general self. Meanwhile, adolescent’s behavior also changes, especially in thought problem aspect. However, other problem experienced by adolescent can be obstacle to effectiveness the principles of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) to increase self-esteem.

Hubungan Antara Dukungan Sosial dengan Harga Diri pada Tunanetra Dewasa Mantan Awas di Kota Semarang

Background: Visually impaired people is one of the most common disabilities in Indonesia. The number of visually impaired people in Semarang City based on the data of Central Bureau of statisic 2015 was 806 people. Sudden blindness can lead to depression, improper self-perception, decreased levels of motivation, and low self-esteem. The existence of Sosial support is one of the ways to help blind people spared from those impacts. Sosial support helps to deal the blind people with problems that relate to physically, psychologically, and sosially.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between sosial support and self-esteem in the former blind adult in Semarang.Method: The research uses non experiment quantity method with correlation method. The sampling technique use 50 correspondent of total sample. Data collection using a sosial support questionnaire and Coopersmith Self Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Results: The results showed that there was a correlation between sosial support and self-esteem of blind adults in Semarang with positive direction. Sosial support has an important role to increase self-esteem, the higher sosial support given the higher self-esteem of the blinds people get. The community is expected to be a provider of sosial support for fellow community members to increase self-esteem of the former visually impaired.

Counseling Enrichment Sessions for Adolescents about their Body Image and Self-esteem

Adolescence is an essential phase of human development and is characterized by significant physical changes and maturation, so the adolescents face different problems in dealing with these rapid changes which affect their satisfaction with their bodies and self-esteem. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of counseling enrichment sessions for adolescents about their body image and self-esteem. Design: A quasi-experimental design was used. Setting: The study was conducted in Zahraa Helwan preparatory secondary girls school at Wadi Hof. Sample: Purposive sample including 180 adolescent girls. Tools: A semi-structured interview questionnaire was used to collect the data and involved four parts: Part 1. Demographic characteristic data, Part 2. Anthropometric measurements. Part 3. Body Image test, and Part 4. Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. Results: There was a positive relation between body image and self-esteem pre and post counseling enrichment sessions which mean that, the girls' body image was affected dependently on their self-esteem. Also body image and self-esteem were improved post counseling enrichment sessions with highly statistically significant difference. Conclusion: The counseling enrichment sessions for body image and self-esteem have positive effect on adolescents. Recommendations: Therapeutic programs to guide those who have unsatisfied body image to optimize consensus, improve their mental health and self-esteem. And teachers, parents, and school nurses should receive periodically education related to the development of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty of adolescents.

Parenting and Its Role in the Development of Self-Esteem in Adolescents

The present study proposed to investigate the development of self-esteem in adolescents in relation to parenting, age and gender. A 3x2x2 factorial design with 240 adolescents of whom 120 were girls and 120 were boys from six different schools of Gorakhpur district (U.P.) and their parents participated in the study. Modified version of Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory was used to assess adolescents ‘self-esteem and its various domains i.e. General self-esteem, Social self-esteem, Home self-esteem and Academic self-esteem. Further, Multidimensional Parenting Scale (Chauhan &amp; Khokhar, 1995) was administered on their parents to determine their parenting strategies i.e. Positive Parenting strategies (love, encouragement, acceptance, progressiveness, democratism, independence and dominance) and Negative Parenting strategies (hate, rejection, autocratic, discouragement, submissiveness, conservatism, and dependence). Analysis was done using Univariate analysis. Results from Univariate analysis revealed that parenting has exhibited a pervasive impact on the development of adolescent self-esteem. Specifically, due to positive parenting adolescents expressed greater extent of self-esteem and its various domains which suggest that due to supportive and non-abusive parenting practices adolescents exerted a superior level of self-esteem as compared to adolescents of negative parenting group. Further, the effect of age on self-esteem was found partially supported. Moreover, the development of self-esteem shows a linear pattern from neo to mid and late adolescence. In the present study Neo adolescents were found far superior in an exhibition of self-esteem than middle adolescents with very little variation but interestingly late adolescents showed the very poor level of self-esteem than other groups. Whereas, the main effect of gender was found non-significant. Apart from the main effect, many interaction effects were also found significant which determined that the development of self-esteem was jointly influenced by age, gender and parenting strategies. Findings are discussed.

Investigation of the relationship between risk of Internet addiction, food addiction, and self-esteem in high school students

Objective: Increasing Internet addiction and food addiction in the 21st century have become a focal point for researchers. There is strong evidence that low self-esteem is a risk factor for behavioral and chemical addictions. Our aim in this study is to examine the relationship between risk of Internet addiction, food addiction, and self-esteem in students at a high school. Method: Participants were 378 high school students, who completed a package of psychological instruments, including the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). Study data were evaluated using linear regression analysis to examine the risk factors that were significant in univariate analyses. Results: Participants with high risk of Internet addiction had a significantly higher food addiction score (t=5.81; p<0.001) and lower self-esteem scores (t=-5.89; p<0.001) than participants who do not meet Internet addiction criteria according to the IAT. Also, the lineer regression model demonstrated that food addiction (ß=1.43; p<0.001) and low self-esteem (ß=-0.21; p<0.001) significantly contributed to Internet addiction risk. Conclusion: Our study revealed the relationship between risk of Internet addiction and food addiction, and low self-esteem is a risk factor according to the concept of overlapping addiction.