Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory Research Articles

THE RELATION BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND BODY DISSATISFACTION

The main goal of this article is to explore the connection that exists between body dissatisfaction and ranges of self-esteem in undergraduate students in the Department of Psychology of University of Tirana. The method applied for the deployment of the present study is a Quantitative with a Cross-sectional Descriptive-Correlational layout and a non-probabilistic sort of comfort or intentional sampling. The sample of the present research is composed of 120 undergraduate students. The instruments that have been used within this study include: the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Data were examined through SPSS version 27. Results showed an inversely proportional correlation. Indices show that the higher the level of self-esteem, the lower the degrees of body dissatisfaction. In conclusion, it was observed that students reveal a greater influence of the external and social factors in their overall body dissatisfaction.

The effect of social skills-based blended education on social adjustment, self-esteem and social skills among new nursing students: An experimental study

IntroductionSocial adjustment, self-esteem and social skills may influence students' professionalization and academic success. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a social skills-based blended education on the social adjustment, self-esteem and social skills of new nursing students. MethodsFirst-year undergraduate nursing students in Tehran, Iran, participated in this experimental study in 2023. Participants were selected from two classrooms, one as a control group (26 people) and the other as an intervention group (26 people). The study instruments included the California Personality Test, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Teenage Inventory of Social Skills. The social skills-based blended education was delivered in 10 sessions of blended education (traditional and virtual education). Data were collected at three stages including baseline, immediately and one month after the intervention. A significance level of 0.05 was used. ResultsAccording to the results, the average score of social adjustment and social skills of the students in the intervention group increased significantly from baseline to one month after the intervention (P < 0.001). In the control group, this variable did not increase significantly. The results of the two-way repeated measures ANOVA (comparing the effect of time and group) showed that social skills-based blended education can improve the overall average score of students' social adjustment and social skills (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01 respectively), but it had no significant effect on their self-esteem. ConclusionThe findings can be used by managers and educational planners to design and implement social skills-based blended education in order to improve the social adjustment and social skills of new nursing students.

The Effect of Mindfulness-Based Empowerment Program on Self-Compassion, Self-Esteem and Ways of Coping With Stress of Women Experienced Violence: A Randomised Controlled Study.

The aim of this experimental research is to assess the impact of a mindfulness-based empowerment program applied to women who have experienced violence on their levels of self-compassion, self-esteem and coping with stress. The study was a randomised controlled trial with a control group. Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental group (EG, n1 = 27) and the control group (CG, n2 = 26) from women who had experienced violence. Descriptive statistical methods and t-tests for dependent and independent groups were employed in data analysis. After the mindfulness-based empowerment program, the intervention group exhibited a statistically significant high effect size in post-intervention measurements compared to the control group for the Self-Compassion Scale, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and Coping Styles Scale total and subscale mean scores (p < 0.001). The mindfulness-based empowerment program has been found to enhance self-compassion, self-esteem and coping levels in women who have experienced violence. Therefore, it is recommended to promote the widespread adoption of mindfulness-based interventions for individuals who have undergone trauma, such as violence, to facilitate their re-empowerment and functional recovery. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05310656.

Effects of Educational Program Based on Self-Esteem Enhancement on Weight Status in Obese Women.

Most obese people do not have high self-esteem. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of self-esteem education on the weight status of obese women. This Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) was performed on 46 obese women (BMI >30) in Hamadan during 2021-2022. By simple convenient sampling and block randomization, the samples were divided into two equal groups. In both groups, routine lifestyle and diet recommendations were prescribed. In the intervention group, eight sessions of self-esteem training were performed specifically. In two groups BMI was measured and the Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) was filled out before and after the intervention. SPSS 20 was used to analyze the data. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. The mean age of the participants in the intervention and control groups was 27.95 (5.02) and 30.25 (5.46) years respectively (t38 = 1.39, p = 0.17). BMI was comparable in two groups before the study (32.47 vs. 33.13 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 1.02, p = 0.31), but decreased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.38 vs. 32.90, t38 = 3.76, p = 0.001). The mean self-esteem scores of the two groups were similar at the beginning (27.10 vs. 27.60 in the intervention and control group respectively, (t38 = 0.52, p = 0.60) but increased significantly in the intervention group at the end (30.10 vs. 27.35, t38 = 2.99, p < 0.001). The findings suggest that self-esteem educational programs can increase the self-esteem score and decrease BMI in obese women and should be considered as a treatment modality in these women.

The Effect of Teaching Strategies on Students’ Self-Esteem

This study investigated the impact of teaching strategies on students’ self-esteem across various domains, including general, social, marital, and academic contexts. The research focused on 10th-grade students in Murree Tehsil, employing a sample of 300 students (150 boys, 150 girls) and 120 teachers. Using a self-developed instrument and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, the study examined relationships between teaching strategies and self-esteem, considering gender differences. Results indicated that teaching strategies significantly predict students’ self-esteem, with all variable pairs showing significant correlations (p &lt; 0.01). A t-test revealed significant gender-based differences in the relationship between teaching strategies and self-esteem (t = -1.341, p = 0.00). The study emphasizes the importance of positive reinforcement and constructive teacher feedback to enhance students’ self-esteem. These findings contribute to understanding how teaching methods can be optimized to support students’ self-esteem development across various life domains, offering practical implications for educators and policymakers in designing effective teaching approaches.

Relación entre el nivel de autoestima, autoconcepto y satisfacción sexual en población adulta

Sexual satisfaction is an essential element at the heart of sexual health which influences well-being and quality of life. This study arises from the need for more studies that delve into this concept and the associated variables. The objective is to investigate the relationship among the variables self-esteem, self-concept and sexual satisfaction, and the existing differences based on age or sex. The sample consists of 155 participants from 25 to 50 years old; 53% are women and 47% men. They used the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI; Coopersmith, 1967), the AF-5 (García y Musitu, 1999) and the New Satisfaction Scale (NSSS; Pérez, 2013). The results show a positive relationship between self-esteem and self-concept in relation to sexual satisfaction; higher levels of sexual satisfaction in women compared to men and the existence of an inverse relationship between age and sexual satisfaction in the general sample, significant in men but not significant for women, which maintains more constant levels of sexual satisfaction as their age increases.

Nursing students' self-esteem levels and attitudes toward the nursing profession.

This study aimed to examine nursing students' self-esteem levels and attitudes toward the nursing profession. Although it is important to choose a profession that will make the person happy in many aspects such as one's abilities, interests, values, attitudes, personal goals, and social expectations, it has an important place, especially in a profession such as nursing, which involves intense emotional and physical load. The study population was 390 nursing students at a foundation university in Istanbul, while the sample included 202 students. Data were collected between January 16, 2023, and February 15, 2023, with the Demographic Data Collection Tool, Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 27.0 program. The STROBE checklist was used to report the study. The mean age of the participants was 20.79±1.72 (years), among which 65.3% were in the 20-22 age range, 76.7% were female, and 29.7% were in the first grade. A positive but very weak relationship was found between the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Attitude Scale for Nursing Profession scores (p<0.05). The results show that professionalization and socialization processes greatly affect nursing students' self-esteem. Considering the extended period that students spend in academic institutions under the guidance of faculty members, this matter deserves greater attention. While developing the curriculum and education process, factors that support the development of self-esteem in nursing students should be taken into account and initiatives should be planned to increase positive attitudes toward the profession. Nursing students can gain different perspectives by spending more time with nurses in hospitals.

The relationship between Southeastern Iran students’ self-esteem and interest in Major

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between students' self-esteem and interest in majoring in southeastern Iran. This was a cross-sectional study on­ 480­ medical students living in dormitories selected by the non-probability convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory, and satisfaction with the major scale, which were completed through interviews.­ The Pearson correlation test results showed no relationship between male and female students ‘scores of satisfaction with their major and self-esteem. The mean scores of general self-esteem and total self-esteem in females were higher than in males, but the mean score of academic self-esteem was significantly higher in males. ­In terms of social self-esteem, the highest score was related to people with high social support and people who were well-adapted to their environment. The need for students ‘interest in a major cannot create high self-esteem in this group, and to have students with high self-esteem requires family and social support and the ability to adapt to the environment. Keywords: Educational status; general health; self-esteem; university student

Adiksi Media Sosial Sebagai Penyebab Harga Diri Rendah Pada Usia Dewasa Muda

The use of social media has increased in the last few years. Social media has a negative impact on a person's self-esteem because they make social comparisons based on what they see on social media. This study aims to examine the relationship between the level of social media use and the level of self-esteem in young adults. The study used a cross-sectional approach, and the population in this study was college students (19-20 years old) in Malang, Indonesia. The sample consisted of 96 respondents, selected using purposive sampling. Respondents filled out the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory (CSEI). Data were analyzed using the Spearman Rank correlation test in SPSS. The results showed that 57.3% of respondents were at the alert category level of social media use, and 63.5% of respondents had very low self-esteem. The correlation test showed a negative relationship between social media use and self-esteem (p-value = 0.044; r = -0.206). The strength of the relationship is weak and has a negative direction, meaning that the higher the level of social media use, the lower the self-esteem level will be. Alert-level social media use among young adults has an effect on low levels of self-esteem.

The association between self-esteem and aesthetic component of smile among adolescents

ObjectivesSelf-esteem plays a crucial role during adolescence in a shaping of an individual’s overall well-being and confidence. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between the self-esteem in adolescents and their smile aesthetics, as well as to assess the alignment of opinions on this matter between adolescents and dentists.MethodsSample included 413 students in Split-Dalmatia County, aged 13 to 18 (60% females). Data on demographic issues, orthodontic history, and desire for orthodontic treatment were collected by the self-administrated questionnaire. Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory was also used. Smile aesthetics was assessed by each participant and dentist independently using an Aesthetic Component of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN AC).ResultsSelf-esteem was higher in adolescents who rated their smile aesthetics equally to the dentist than in those who considered their aesthetics to be worse than the dentist (18.5 vs. 16; P = 0.011). The multiple linear regression revealed that the self-esteem of adolescents was positively related to undergone previous orthodontic treatment (β = 1.286, P = 0.020) while negatively related to the female gender (β = −2.531, P ≤ 0.001) and IOTN AC assessed by dentist (β = −0.356, P = 0.015). It was not related to educational level or desire for orthodontic treatment.ConclusionThe self-esteem in adolescence is influenced the most by gender, but the orthodontic treatment and better smile aesthetics might also contribute.

Is there a relationship between problematic Internet use and attachment styles, self-esteem, and loneliness in medical school students?

BackgroundProblematic Internet use (PIU) is defined as a person's inability to control his/her Internet that leads to a disruption and a deterioration in fulfilling social, work, and personal responsibilities. PIU is reported to be more common in university students, especially in medical school students, than in the general population. Research has indicated that social media use in the classroom, an anxious attachment style and low self-esteem were associated with PIU in medical school students. This study aims to determine whether PIU is associated with attachment styles, self-esteem, loneliness, and social media use in the classroom, as well as to provide theoretical information about factors associated with PIU among medical students. MethodParticipants were asked to fill out a socio-demographic form, the Addiction Profile Index Internet Addiction Form (APIINT), the Experiences of Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale. ResultsParticipants who scored above the APIINT total score cut-off point were found to have significantly higher rates of social media use, higher UCLA and ECR-R anxiety subscale scores than those who scored below the APIINT total score cut-off point, while CSEI scores were found to be significantly lower compared to participants who scored below the APIINT total score cut-off point. According to the results of a logistical regression analysis, it was observed that social media use in the classroom, anxious attachment style and low self-esteem were associated with PIU. ConclusionThe results of the study indicate that the use of social media in the classroom, anxious attachment style, and low self-esteem are significant risk factors for PIU.

The Relation Between Self-Esteem and Body Dissatisfaction

The main goal of this article is to explore the connection that exists between body dissatisfaction and ranges of self-esteem in undergraduate students in the Department of Psychology of University of Tirana. The method applied for the deployment of the present study is a Quantitative with a Cross-sectional Descriptive-Correlational layout and a non-probabilistic sort of comfort or intentional sampling. The sample of the present research is composed of 120 undergraduate students. The instruments that have been used within this study include; the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Data were examined through SPSS version 27. Results showed an inversely proportional correlation. Indices show that the higher the level of self-esteem, the lower the degrees of body dissatisfaction. In conclusion, it was observed that students reveal a greater influence of the external and social factors in their overall body dissatisfaction.

Prediction of Mental Health and Self-Esteem Based on Perceived Social Support in Youth with Physical Disabilities in Tehran

Objective: Disability of any type and in any form often leads to mental crises by causing anxiety, worry, reduced self-confidence, and psychological difficulties. The present study aimed to predict mental health and self-esteem based on perceived social support in youth with physical disabilities in Tehran. Methods and Materials: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population consisted of youth aged 20-35 with physical disabilities from seven centers for individuals with disabilities in Tehran in 2023, totaling approximately 1500 individuals. Of this population, 400 were accessible samples (characteristics of the samples included: having only physical disabilities and being aged 20-35), of which 250 were male, and the rest were female. From this number, 196 young people, both male and female, were randomly selected and participated in the tests according to the Morgan table. The research instruments included the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support by Zimet et al. (1988), the General Health Questionnaire by Goldberg (1972), and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1967). Data analysis was performed using multiple regression analysis with SPSS version 27. Findings: The results of the study showed that the components of family, others, and perceived social support could predict mental health. The findings indicate that perceived social support (b=2.170) was identified as the strongest predictor of mental health. Additionally, perceived social support and its components could not predict self-esteem, and thus the second hypothesis was not confirmed with 95% confidence. Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that perceived social support can predict mental health.

Comparison of Body Image Attitudes, Self-Esteem, and Quality of Life in Married Women Before and After Cosmetic Surgery

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare body image attitudes, self-esteem, and quality of life in married women before and after cosmetic surgery. Methods and Materials: The statistical population included all married women in Tehran who were seeking cosmetic surgery. Using convenience sampling, 112 individuals were selected and assessed in three phases: one month before surgery, one month after surgery, and six months after surgery. Data were collected using the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (1976), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire (2007). The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance via SPSS23 software. Findings: The results showed that the means of all variables under study, including body image attitudes, self-esteem, and quality of life, differed significantly. Specifically, the scores for body image attitudes (P &lt; 0.001), self-esteem (P &lt; 0.001), and quality of life (P &lt; 0.001) increased significantly one month after surgery compared to one month before surgery. However, six months after surgery, the scores for body image attitudes (P &lt; 0.001), self-esteem (P &lt; 0.001), and quality of life (P &lt; 0.001) decreased significantly compared to one month after surgery. Conclusion: It can be concluded that body image attitudes, self-esteem, and quality of life in married women temporarily increased one month after cosmetic surgery, but after six months, these variables showed a significant decline.

Examination of language, cognitive, and mathematical skills in childhood endocrine diseases.

Children diagnosed with endocrine disorders may exhibit atypical development and may encounter challenges in language, academic, and cognitive skills, as well as social-emotional issues. The objective of this study was to identify potential therapeutic requirements in the areas of language, cognition, and mathematical skills among children with endocrine disorders who experience school failure. This will enable an early evaluation of speech and language disorders and the planning of interventions to be possible. In this study, children with endocrine disorders were compared with their normally developing peers in terms of language, cognition, mathematical skills, and psychosocial characteristics. In this study, 15 children diagnosed with endocrine disorders (8 females, 7 males; mean age: 10, SD: 2) and 15 children with normal development (8 females, 7 males; mean age: 10, SD: 2) participated. The participants were subjected to the Test of Language Development-Primary: Fourth Edition Turkish Revision (TOLDP-4:T), the Turkish Nonword Repetition Test (TNRT), the Turkish Multilingual Sentence Repetition Test (LITMUS-TR), the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-R), the Problem-Solving Test (PST), the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version (RCADS-CV), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The findings of the study indicate that children with endocrine disease have lower performance in language, cognition, and mathematical skills compared to their healthy peers. Otherwise, they do not differ in terms of social-emotional status assessed by psychological scales. These findings suggest that while children with endocrine disorders face challenges in academic and cognitive domains, their social-emotional development remains relatively unaffected. Early identification and intervention in language, cognition, and mathematical skills may help address the academic struggles of these children, potentially improving their school performance and overall well-being.

PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS IN EMPLOYEES AS PREDICTORS OF MOBBING

Mobbing in the workplace is a complex and worldwide phenomenon that reflects a subjective interpretation of this event. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between mobbing and basic socio-demographic variables and some personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, responsibility, emotional stability, intelligence/imagination, emotional intelligence, self-esteem, empathy, emotional self-awareness, personal well-being) of employees. In the cross-sectional design, data were collected from 553 employees selected from various occupations through easy sampling. Employees filled out an anonymous form containing job-related tests. Data collection tools were the standard scales i.e., A Psychological Mobbing Scale-30, personality trait questionnaire, Schutte Emotional Intelligence Test, Baron Empathy Scale, Emotional Self-Awareness Scale-11, Personal Well-Being Index-8 and Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory. Results from multiple logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistically significant relationships between mobbing and age, industry, self-esteem and empathy. The results obtained are evaluated and discussed in terms of variable interaction and future research.

Increasing self-esteem of high school students through narrative counseling

This research aims to show that narrative counseling can increase adolescents' self-esteem. The research approach used is mixed-method with an embedded design. The instrument is based on the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) which measures four aspects of self-esteem. The research subjects in this study were 3 high school adolescents in class XI. The results of the research showed that there was a change in self-esteem in the three teenagers, which was indicated by receiving sufficient recognition and feeling worthy, which means that narrative counseling can increase the self-esteem of adolescents who experience self-harm. However, of the three adolescents, one adolescent still committed self-harm with infrequent frequency even though his self-esteem was already in the medium category. This suggests that there are other variables that influence someone to do self-harm, such as self-concept. Apart from that, the factors influencing a person's self-esteem are different. Further analysis is needed regarding these factors.

Association between sexual dysfunction, self-esteem and sexual satisfaction in women

ABSTRACT&#x0D; Backround: The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships among female sexual dysfunction, self-esteem and sexual satisfaction.&#x0D; Method: The participants of the study were 321 women who applied for any sexual disorders to the Polyclinics of Gynecology of y Education and Research Hospital, x, Turkey. Their age ranged from 18 to 56. The participants completed a personal information form prepared by researcher, the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory developed by Stanley Coopersmith (1986) and the Golombok-Rust Inventory of Sexual Satisfaction validated by Tuğrul (1988).&#x0D; Results: The results indicated that female sexual dysfunction (FSD) and self-esteem were moderately negatively correlated (r= -.598, p&lt;.01). FSD and sexual satisfaction were strongly positively correlated (r= .712, p&lt;.01). Sexual satisfaction and self-esteem were moderately negatively correlated (r= -.472, p &lt;.01). These findings reveal that the higher sexual dysfunction women have the less self-esteem they have and the less sexual satisfaction they experience.&#x0D; Conclusion: With the proper treatment of sexual dysfunction and interventions for improving the self-esteem, women can evaluate themselves in a more positive way and become more sexually satisfied. Thus, it is very significant to teach sexuality in a correct way and to increase sexual education and awareness among women.

The Impact of Sustainable Exercise and the Number of Pregnancies on Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, and Assertiveness Levels in Pregnant Women

This study examined the variations in self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness levels among pregnant women engaging in sustainable exercise compared to those performing no physical activity. The study also explored the connection between these changes and the number of pregnancies. The sample included 220 pregnant women engaging in sustainable exercise and 210 pregnant women performing no physical activity. Sustainable exercisers were chosen from those engaged in physical activity for at least 30 min, twice a week. The participants were in the fourth to seventh month of their pregnancy. A simple random sampling technique was used to choose participants and a total of 430 pregnant women volunteered to participate in the study. The mean age of the participants was 31.45 ± 12.11 years. Data collection tools were the Self-Efficacy Scale (SES), the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI), and the Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS). In data analysis, the impact of independent variables on self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness was evaluated by one-way ANOVA in groups of more than two, t-test in paired groups, the relationship between some independent variables and scales was evaluated by correlation, and descriptive features were shown as percentages. In cases where variance analyses were significant at 0.05 (p &lt; 0.05), Tukey’s test was used as a post hoc test. The study’s results indicated a significant disparity between the mean self-efficacy and self-esteem scores of women engaged in sustainable exercise compared to those who were not. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of assertiveness levels. The mean scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness differed significantly in respect to the number of pregnancies in exercising women. However, there were no significant differences in mean scores of self-efficacy, self-esteem, and assertiveness scores in terms of the number of pregnancies in women who did not exercise.

The Effect of the Creative Drama Activities on Shyness, Self-Esteem, and Mental Well-Being

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creative drama on the levels of shyness, self-esteem, and mental well-being in disadvantaged youth. This study was planned in a single group pretest-posttest design. 10 sessions of creative drama activities were held for each group by the drama-trained researchers approximately 120 minutes per week. The data of the study were collected by using the Personal Information Form, Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, Warwick - Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, and Shyness Scale. After transferring the data to the computer-aided SPSS package program, the data were evaluated using percentages, averages and significance tests. While the Self-Esteem Scale average score was 59.846 ± 14.986, the Shyness Scale average score was 61.153 ± 15.032 and Warwick-Edinburg Mental Well-Being Scale average score was 51.096 ± 8.661 before the intervention, it respectively changed to 71.923 ± 13.430, 49.230 ± 12.267 and 55.384 ± 9.088 and these differentiations in all three dimensions were found to be statistically significant. It was observed that 10-week creative drama sessions increased the level of self-esteem and mental well-being of disadvantaged students as well as decreasing the level of shyness. Keywords: youth, creative drama, self-esteem, shyness, mental stress