Cooperative Style Research Articles

The Study of the Relationship Between Philosophic Mind and Leadership Styles of Managers of Physical Education Offices in Iran

The general goal of this research is The study of the relationship between Philosophic- mind and leadership styles of managers of physical education offices in Iran. Community of this research includes totality of managers and assistants of Physical education offices which similar sample to it 108 people were selected at random. The discoveries of this research shows that there is difference between various styles of management and philosophic-mind there is difference between various styles of management and philosophic-mind (deep thinking) in physical education offices in the country. There is fundamental difference between various styles of leading and philosophic-mind (flexible) of managers of physical education offices.There is negative correlation between the mean-level of philosophic-mind with the imperative style of management. There is positive correlation between the mean-level of philosophic-mind and benevolent, advisory and cooperative styles of management.

The Relationships of Variables That Influence on Cooperative and Competitive Learning Style Preference: on the Basis of Longitudinal Study of Korea

The Relationships of Variables That Influence on Cooperative and Competitive Learning Style Preference: on the Basis of Longitudinal Study of Korea

Developing an Innovative Style of Thinking and Innovative Behavior

Russia is currently attempting to create a modern, innovative economy, which requires a new type of worker and a new, more cooperative style of management. Twenty years of Russian market reforms have clearly shown that one of the most serious obstacles to creating an innovative economy in Russia is to change the totalitarian style of thinking. A person needs to be considered as more than a means to achieve economic goals. This paper aims to describe some aspects of the social, economic and organizational changes occurring in Russia and one way out of the current predicament: using a constructivist approach to education in order to develop the innovative competencies of people. In this action research a presumption is made that changes in mentality and patterns of behavior are required for both managers and workers. Style of management in organizations should change in a manner that would support the creation of an innovative society.

Principles of Religious Prosociality: A Review and Reformulation

Historically, religion and religious belief have often been credited as the source of human morality. But what have been the real effects of religion on prosocial behavior? A review of the psychological literature reveals a complex relation between religious belief and moral action: leading to greater prosocial behavior in some contexts but not in others, and in some cases actually increasing antisocial behavior. In addition, different forms of religious belief are associated with different styles of co-operation. This body of evidence paints a somewhat messy picture of religious prosociality; however, recent examinations of the cognitive mechanisms of belief help to resolve apparent inconsistencies. In this article, we review evidence of two separate sources of religious prosociality: a religious principle associated with the protection of the religious group, and a supernatural principle associated with the belief in God, or other supernatural agents. These two principles emphasize different prosocial goals, and so have different effects on prosocial behavior depending on the target and context. A re-examination of the literature illustrates the independent influences of religious and supernatural principles on moral action.

How institutional environments facilitate co-operative negotiation styles in EU decision-making

Thinking of the European Union's (EU's) Council system in terms of institutional environments can help generalize the scope conditions under which co-operative styles of negotiation develop and become durable over time. Analytically, we expect to find that those institutional environments which code higher on a set of four independent variables should exhibit more robust patterns of co-operative negotiation; that is, are highly insulated from domestic audiences, transact with wide scope, high interaction intensity, and/or maintain a high density of norms and group standards. This in turn offers a concrete application of the sociological argument that EU institutions not only matter, but shows how, by building legitimation and appropriateness standards into the negotiation process, institutional environments can place limits on instrumentalism.

Conflict Management in Online Relationships

With the diffusion of networked technology, personal relationships can be easily formed and maintained online today. Similar to a face-to-face situation, conflict is also seen in these online relationships. Early theories suggested that computer-mediated communication (CMC) tends to increase conflicts because of the lack of social-context cues, and CMC is not rich enough to manage conflict. As CMC has become part of our daily life, we often face conflict online, and thus we need to understand how people manage conflict online. This study explored how online users manage interpersonal conflict. Self-report survey data from 159 university students were analyzed to examine their conflict-management styles in association with the perceived closeness of the online relationship and a future intention toward the relationship. The results indicated that online users select cooperative management styles to handle conflict in their close relationships. In addition, online users avoid less cooperative styles when they want to continue the relationship.

Collective Purchase: Moving Local and Organic Foods beyond the Niche Market

The authors draw attention to the creative possibilities offered by collective purchase as a mechanism to move local and organic foods beyond the niche market. The food-buying group and cooperative style of food purchasing has received only scant reference in the alternative food and ethical consumption literatures, but it offers much in terms of historical context and future lessons for growth in the sector. ‘We can do it better’ is an experimental ethic of the 1960s and 1970s counterculture, but it resonates strongly with the present-day ‘alternatives’ associated with the local and organic food movement. The authors use Gibson-Graham's notion of ‘diverse economies’ to examine selected buying groups and food cooperatives in North America, Europe, and Japan. The results reveal a highly pixilated and evolving mix of motivations and ethics. The ‘ideology first, practicalities later’ approach appears to be a powerful influence, symbolising the ‘becomingness’ of ethical purchasing in these contexts.

An Empirical Examination of the Relationship Between Adult Attention Deficit, Cooperative Conflict Management and Efficacy for Working in Teams

A recent national survey of the US workforce suggests that adult attention related disorders are producing a wide range of negative outcomes in the workplace. The symptoms typically associated with the disorder (difficulties with activation, concentration, effort, emotional interference and accessing memory) suggest that team work may represent a problematic situation for adults with the disorder. Subjects were one hundred and fifty‐five student teams (subjects=628) from universities in both Canada and the United States. The study begins by confirming a hypothesis arising out of previous qualitative research that team members with adult attention deficit have relatively greater difficulty with necessary but uninteresting tasks. The hypothesis that team members with the disorder will be extraordinarily reliant on their teammates was also supported. The need to secure situations of particular fit, and to do so without undermining the support of fellow teammates, suggests that cooperative conflict management styles are especially important for clinical AAD vs. non‐clinical team members. The specific hypotheses, that cooperative styles (problem solving and compromising) are especially important for producing positive team experiences/expectations and efficacy for working in teams, were supported. Future research needs to sample more workplace teams.

Targets and Tactics of Play Fighting: Competitive versus Cooperative Styles of Play in Japanese and Tonkean Macaques

Macaques are the most geographically widespread and behaviorally diverse primate genus, and although macaque species share the same, basic social structure, they display broad inter specificvariation in patterns of adult social behavior. Based on these patterns, macaque species have been arranged along a 4-grade scale for social style. At one end of the scale, there are grade 1 species (e.g., Japanese macaques) that have highly hierarchical and despotic social systems, and at the other end, grade 4 species (e.g., Tonkean macaques) that have more relaxed and egalitarian social systems. We predicted that a species from the more despotic end of the spectrum should have more competitive play fights and that a species from the egalitarian end, more cooperative ones. A detailed analysis of videotaped sequences of juvenile play fighting in Tonkean and Japanese macaques was used to characterize the targets and tactics of attack and defense. Even though the two species have a similar behavioral repertoire, there are significant differences in how that repertoire is used and these differences are consistent with one species having more competitive interactions than the other. Contrasting multi-animal play fights versus pairs showed that the more cooperative style of the Tonkean macaques is further exaggerated. The results suggest that differences in styles of attack anddefense in play fighting may be influenced by differences in the species’ social systems.

A cooperative lecture style and student learning in an introductory computer programming course

This study examines the impact that a cooperative lecture technique and demographic factors have on student learning in a computer programming class, a college course that students have no or very limited intrinsic knowledge about and found that a cooperative lecture style did not improve learning performance and might deter students from positive learning experiences. This may be due to the time constraints that students faced when doing group work or from the compound confusion when students with limited subject knowledge worked towards an unknown goal. The results also suggested that students' class attendance provided the predictability of performance, while their academic experience negatively influenced group effectiveness.

The Educational Function of Unified Secondary Schools in Cooperative Style

The Educational Function of Unified Secondary Schools in Cooperative Style

Cooperative Testing of Timed Systems

This paper deals with targeted testing of timed systems whose models may have uncontrollable behavior. The testing activity is viewed as a game between the tester and the system under test (SUT) towards a given test purpose. The SUT is modeled as Timed Game Automaton and the test purpose is specified in Timed CTL formula. We employ a timed game solver UPPAAL-TIGA to check if the test purpose is ture w.r.t. the model, and if yes, to generate a winning strategy and use it for black-box conformance testing of the SUT implementation. Specifically, we show that in case the checking yields a negative result, we can still test the SUT implementation against the test purpose as long as the SUT implementation reacts to our moves in a cooperative style. We present an operational framework of cooperative winning strategy generation, test case derivation and execution. The test method is proved to be sound and complete. Preliminary experimental results indicate that this approach is applicable to non-trivial timed systems.

Team conflict management and team effectiveness: the effects of task interdependence and team identification

AbstractThe present study explores the dynamics of conflict management as a team phenomenon. The study examines how the input variable of task structure (task interdependence) is related to team conflict management style (cooperative versus competitive) and to team performance, and how team identity moderates these relationships. Seventy‐seven intact work teams from high‐technology companies participated in the study. Results revealed that at high levels of team identity, task interdependence was positively associated with the cooperative style of conflict management, which in turn fostered team performance. Although a negative association was found between competitive style and team performance, this style of team conflict management did not mediate between the interactive effect of task interdependence and team identity on team performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Teaching Style and the College Writing Class

This review questions the efficiency of the lecture method with particular reference to the teaching of English at the College of The Bahamas. Research studies and articles about current practice in college writing suggest that while the lecture method remains useful in subject areas dominated by transfer of large amounts of factual information, teaching methods in the English language arts have moved from product to process pedagogy, with a corresponding change from didactic to cooperative styles of teaching and learning. The writer recommends that college English classes utilize cooperative strategies.

Multilevel effects of conflict management preferences on satisfaction with group processes

PurposeThis research aims to examine the relationship between conflict management in the workplace and member satisfaction in work groups at both individual and group levels.Design/methodology/approachThe objectives were achieved by surveying 135 Korean teachers in 28 kindergartens, treating them as small work groups. A multilevel modeling technique was used to examine the impact of conflict management preferences on individual satisfaction with group processes.FindingsFor the cooperation style of conflict management, individual‐level preference and group‐level similarity in preference were related positively to individual satisfaction with group processes. Individual‐level preference and group‐level similarity in preference for the avoidance style, however, did not significantly influence individual satisfaction with group processes. It was also found that the positive relationship between individual preference for the cooperation style and satisfaction with group processes was stronger with less variation (i.e. greater similarity) in group‐level preference for the cooperation style and with greater variation (i.e. less similarity) in group‐level preference for the avoidance style. Research limitations/implications – No causality can be established between conflict management style preferences and satisfaction with group processes. Only two styles of conflict management were assessed with a small number of measurement items.Originality/valueThe study shows how useful a multilevel examination of conflict management style preferences and satisfaction with group processes can be for conflict research.

Managing conflict in collaborative new product development: a supplier perspective

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the distribution of conflict over various NPD phases and identify the main sources of conflict and the five conflict handling styles in new product development (NPD) from the context of buyer‐supplier collaboration.Design/methodology/approachA list of the sources of conflict was developed and five conflict handling styles in NPD were identified based on literature review and the opinions of manufacturing experts in Hong Kong. An empirical study comprising a series of personal interviews and a mailed survey was conducted to acquire empirical findings from industry practitioners and suppliers on the conflict issues in collaborative NPD. The relationships between NPD performance and conflict intensity as well as conflict handling styles were analysed. Both reliability and construct validity of the study construct were measured.FindingsThe study identified 16 sources of conflict and demonstrated that conflict has a significant negative relationship with NPD performance in terms of product quality, and meeting of target development costs and delivery schedule. The results also showed that cooperative styles (i.e. integrating and obliging) are effective and uncooperative styles (i.e. dominating and avoiding) are ineffective, whereas compromising is a neutral approach.Research limitations/implicationsThis research was based on four industry sectors including electronics, toys, machinery, and watches and clocks in Hong Kong. Generalisability to other industries or countries may be limited.Practical implicationsThe findings verified that a negative relationship exists between conflict intensity and NPD performance. Both the clients and suppliers should maintain a sustainable level of conflict and should enhance their conflict handling efforts and skills for effective conflict resolutions.Originality/valueFrom a suppliers' viewpoint, this paper provides some insights into how client‐supplier collaboration and conflict resolutions could improve NPD performance.

Pluralism as a Culture: Religion and Civility in Southern California

This article describes Southern California as a particular setting for the study of religious pluralism and civil society. The region's history of global religious and cultural encounters, lack of a religious establishment, hypermodernity, and fluid identities have all contributed to “pluralism as a culture,” or a style of inter-group interaction and cooperation characterized generally by openness and acceptance. Finally, the author discusses how this culture akin to what is sometimes called “rooted cosmopolitanism” and to core American values and democratic traditions.

Implementing NLP projects for noncentral languages: instructions for funding bodies, strategies for developers

This research begins by distinguishing a small number of "central" languages from the "noncentral languages", where centrality is measured by the extent to which a given language is supported by natural language processing tools and research. We analyse the conditions under which noncentral language projects (NCLPs) and central language projects are conducted. We establish a number of important differences which have far-reaching consequences for NCLPs. In order to overcome the difficulties inherent in NCLPs, traditional research strategies have to be reconsidered. Successful styles of scientific cooperation, such as those found in open-source software development or in the development of the Wikipedia, provide alternative views of how NCLPs might be designed. We elaborate the concepts of free software and software pools and argue that NCLPs, in their own interests, should embrace an open-source approach for the resources they develop and pool these resources together with other similar open-source resources. The expected advantages of this approach are so important that we suggest that funding organizations put it as sine qua non condition into project contracts.

Vaikystės sampratos paradigmos kaita: „Ikimokyklinio ugdymo sistemos demokratizavimo“ projekto (1993-2005) studija

Straipsnyje pristatoma ilgalaikio tarptautinio projekto „Ikimokyklinio ugdymo sistemos demokratizavimas" (1993-2005) patirtis bei remiantis tyrimais ir veiklos rezultatais analizuojamas jo poveikis ikimokyklinio ugdymo teorinės minties ir metodų plėtrai Lietuvoje. Pristatant projekto tikslus ir veiklas, atskleidžiama projekto raida – nuo alternatyvumo iki visiško integravimosi į šiuolaikinių švietimo politikos strategijų, kurioms turėjo įtakos, kontekstą. Svarstomi projekto efektyvumo, prasmingumo, stilistikos ir perspektyvų klausimai vykstant politiniams l socialiniams lūžiams, švietimo reformoms ir švietimo idėjų globalizacijos procesams.

Models of Local Security Networks: On the Diversity of Local Security Networks in the Netherlands

Local security networks are highly diverse in their goals, structure, participants, size and methods of intervention. This diversity is analysed by looking at the underlying network models. Four of these models are distinguished: participatory networks; mixed enforcement networks; preventive institutional networks; and re-active institutional networks. These models differ not only in their main orientation (preventive or reactive) and participants (only institutional or also citizens), but also in their style of co-operation, structure and technology. The problems local security networks are confronted with depend to a large degree on the underlying network models. Each model has its specific problems. Moreover, some problems of local security networks result from the tensions between the logic or demands of one or more underlying models.