Cooperative Scheme Research Articles

Luring cooperative capture guidance strategy for the pursuit—evasion game under incomplete target information

Luring cooperative capture guidance strategy for the pursuit—evasion game under incomplete target information

A universal cooperative assembly-oriented strategy for VS4 nanorod decoration on carbon nanostructures with enhanced magnesium storage properties

A universal cooperative assembly-oriented strategy for VS4 nanorod decoration on carbon nanostructures with enhanced magnesium storage properties

A cooperative timestamp-free clock synchronization scheme based on fast unscented Kalman filtering for time-sensitive networking

Clock synchronization, built on the classical two-way message exchange scheme, is the key prerequisite for the normal operation of time-sensitive networking (TSN). In practical TSN, the imperfect oscillator caused by environmental changes leads to clock parameters drift. Moreover, synchronization errors accumulate in multi-hop networks, making it difficult for nodes at the edge of the network to achieve precise synchronization performance. Additionally, in some industrial and vehicular scenarios, the energy consumption and complexity of clock synchronization are important factors that need to be considered. To address these problems, this paper proposes a cooperative synchronization clock offset and clock skew joint tracking algorithm based on fast Unscented Kalman filter (FUKF). To further reduce the computation and energy consumption caused by clock synchronization, we introduce randomized singular value decomposition and timestamp-free exchange. The former uses small sub-matrices approximations to replace extremely high-dimensional matrices, reducing computational time in the update stage of the UKF. The latter reduces energy consumption by setting response intervals at the receiving end, eliminating the need for timestamp exchange during the synchronization process. Therefore, this algorithm can achieve long-term synchronization without requiring excessive computational and communication overhead. The results show that the proposed method, while maintaining accuracy unchanged, reduced the running time by 20% to 90% as the number of observations increased, thus verifying the effectiveness of the algorithm.

Cooperative coupling of microscopic enhanced electric field and macroscopic efficient bubble traffic for industrial hydrogen evolution

The alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for industrial hydrogen generation is a promising way to achieve intermittent energy storage. However, challenges, such as the insufficient supply of adsorbed hydrogen atoms (*H) and slow bubble dynamics, hinder the development of industrial HER. Here, we report a cooperative strategy by leveraging both microscopic enhanced electric field and macroscopic efficient bubble traffic for industrial hydrogen evolution, demonstrated through the NiCoP nanotips on NiP nanorods (NiCoP-tip@NiP). Specifically, during the HER process, the nanotips can accumulate a large number of electrons, enhancing the electric field of the Stern layer. This enhanced electric field accelerates the dissociation of water, resulting in favorable *H for HER. Simultaneously, the confined space between the nanotips hinders the growth of bubbles generated at the tips. Newly formed bubbles will push out the existing bubbles, thus accelerating gas release. As a result, NiCoP-tip@NiP exhibits a low overpotential of 300 mV at 1000 mA cm−2 and maintains stable operation over 90 h at approximately 300 mA cm−2 during HER processes. This cooperative strategy provides profound insights for industrial hydrogen generation.

Attitude collaborative control strategy for space gravitational wave detection

This paper proposes a high-precision attitude cooperative control strategy for three spacecraft in space gravitational wave detection. Firstly, based on the layout of optical components on the spacecraft and factors such as external interference and model uncertainty, a relative attitude model based on the Euler angle is constructed for the characteristics of small angle motion in differential wavefront sensing mode. Secondly, aiming at the cooperative control problem of multi drag-free attitude control system after the laser link capture between two spacecraft is completed, an attitude control method based on consensus mode cooperative control strategy is proposed. It combines local neighbourhood error from star sensing and differential wavefront sensing with an adaptive controller for equilateral triangle configuration control. Additionally, a cooperative control strategy based on laser measurement information is established to improve control accuracy by avoiding star sensors with low accuracy. Simulation results indicate that the control accuracy of the consistency mode and its sub-mode laser measurement mode is superior to the master-slave and cyclic modes, achieving better than 5×10−6 rad. The laser measurement mode demonstrates the highest accuracy, with relative attitude control accuracy reaching 1.5×10−7 rad, meeting the requirements for space gravitational wave detection.

Assessing the impact of jigsaw technique for cooperative learning in undergraduate medical education: merits, challenges, and forward prospects

BackgroundJigsaw method is a structured cooperative-learning technique that lays the groundwork towards achieving collective competence, which forms the core of effective clinical practice. It promotes deep learning and effectively enhances team-work among students, hence creating a more inclusive environment.ObjectivePresent study was designed to introduce jigsaw model of cooperative learning to early-year undergraduate medical students, measure its effectiveness on their academic performance, and evaluate the perspectives of both students and faculty members regarding the same.MethodsIt was a mixed method research, involving eighty second-year undergraduate medical students. The jigsaw cooperative learning approach was introduced in two themes within neurosciences module. Students were divided into two equal groups, with one group experiencing typical small-group discussions (SGDs) in first theme and other group exposed to jigsaw approach. The groups were then reversed for second theme. Following the activity, an assessment comprising multiple-choice-questions was conducted to evaluate the impact of jigsaw technique on students’ academic performance, with scores from both groups compared. Student perspectives were gathered through self-designed and validated questionnaire, while faculty perceptions were obtained through focus group discussions. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS v22, while thematic analysis was performed for qualitative data.ResultsThe students of jigsaw group displayed significantly higher median assessment score percentage compared to control group (p = 0.003). Moreover, a significantly greater number of students achieved scores ≥ 60% in jigsaw group compared to control group (p = 0.006). The questionnaire responses indicated a favorable perception of this technique among students, in terms of acceptance, positive interdependence, improvement of interpersonal skills, and comparison with typical SGDs. This technique was also well-perceived within the educational context by faculty members.ConclusionThe jigsaw method is associated with higher levels of academic performance among students when compared to typical small-group discussion. The students and faculty perceived this technique to be an effective cooperative learning strategy in terms of enhanced student engagement, active participation, and a sense of inclusivity.

Upaya guru dalam mengelola perilaku hiperaktif di Kelas: studi deskriptif kualitatif

This research is motivated by the existence of hyperactive behavior that still exists in elementary schools. This is where the role of teachers in learning hyperactive children is very necessary. The aim of this research is to describe the behavior of hyperactive children, teachers' efforts in guiding hyperactive children and the obstacles faced in guiding hyperactive children. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research, namely research that attempts to describe symptoms, events, events that have occurred. The data sources for this research are class teachers, classmates, hyperactive children. The data collection techniques used in this research are observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis starting from data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The result shows that the behavioral characteristics of hyperactive children at SD Negeri 3 Kotagede include not being able to stay still, often throwing tantrums, not paying attention to teachers, often disturbing friends, and being easily distracted. The efforts made by teachers in dealing with hyperactive children at SD Negeri 3 Kotagede are that when they are concentrating the teacher will help the student's learning and continue to monitor them. When learning, the teacher applies cooperative learning strategies, namely in groups. Further studies are needed to find the best method to overcome the negative impact of hyperactivity in elementary schools.

A novel iterative double auction design and simulation platform for packetized energy trading of prosumers in a residential microgrid

AbstractPacketized energy encapsulates energy into modulated, routable, and trackable energy packets, enhancing the flexibility of managing distributed energy resources and expediting prosumers’ participation in transactive energy markets. In the context of packetized energy trading (PET), energy prosumers are naturally deemed as self‐interested agents seeking to obtain their own benefits. To align with prosumers’ demand, supply, quality of service (QoS), and system‐level social welfare, it is necessary to explore the design of prosumers’ bidding strategies and the market clearing methods, considering prosumers’ utility and the best demand response to markets. This study addresses challenges arising from prosumers’ selfishness and asymmetric preferences by proposing a PET‐oriented iterative double auction (IDA‐PET) design, where prosumers are allowed to iteratively change the bids before the auctioneer clears the market. Moreover, IDA‐PET accommodates system capacity constraints, energy balance, and economic constraints, providing cooperative strategies for both prosumers and the auctioneer. To validate the effectiveness of IDA‐PET, a novel and dedicated co‐simulation platform based on the hierarchical engine for large‐scale infrastructure co‐simulation platform is developed and case studies are conducted within a residential microgrid. The simulation results demonstrate that IDA‐PET can efficiently enhance the revenue of the auction market while meeting prosumers’ QoS requirements.

Cooperative MARL-PPO Approach for Automated Highway Platoon Merging

This paper presents a cooperative highway platooning strategy that integrates Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) with Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) to effectively manage the complex task of merging. In modern transportation systems, platooning—where multiple vehicles travel closely together under coordinated control—promises significant improvements in traffic flow and fuel efficiency. However, the challenge of merging, which involves dynamically adjusting the formation to incorporate new vehicles, remains challenging. Our approach leverages the strengths of MARL to enable individual vehicles within a platoon to learn optimal behaviors through interactions. PPO ensures stable and efficient learning by optimizing policies balancing exploration and exploitation. Simulation results show that our method achieves merging with safety and operational efficiency.

Paradiplomacy in the border: Overcoming forest fire in West Kalimantan – Sarawak border through the Sosek Malindo cooperation

This paper analyses the policies of the West Kalimantan Provincial Government in overcoming forest fires through the Indonesia-Malaysia Socio-Economic Cooperation (Sosek Malindo) on the West Kalimantan-Sawak border in 2019-2023. Forest fires are a regional issue but have transboundary impacts on neighboring countries. To overcome this, the West Kalimantan provincial government is implementing several cooperation strategies with the state of Sarawak to address forest fires on the border. The theory used is the concept of paradiplomacy and border management. This is a literature study with qualitative descriptive analysis methods and secondary data. With regard to cooperation, Sosek Malindo used forest fire prevention programs in three ways: socialization, regulation, and collaboration. Regarding its structural organization, Sosek Malindo still has some obstacles in managing border areas. Moreover, the local government must determine its cooperation policy to prove that paradiplomacy can be implemented in managing a state border area. This article assists other researchers in researching forest fire management on the West Kalimantan-Sarawak border through Sosek Malindo cooperation. Additionally, it suggests a combination of paradiplomacy concepts for managing border areas.

Actions and strategies of international cooperation for the creation of the National Archive of Guinea-Bissau

Actions and strategies of international cooperation for the creation of the National Archive of Guinea-Bissau

A pricing-based cooperative relay selection scheme for reliable communications

A pricing-based cooperative relay selection scheme for reliable communications

Cooperative Learning: Index Card Match Method in Increasing Students’ English Learning Outcome

English language achievement encompasses proficiency in the English language, reflecting a person's ability to effectively comprehend, communicate, read, and write in English. The Index Card Method is a cooperative learning strategy that promotes active participation and collaboration in the classroom, encourages students to engage in active learning and develop their creativity. The aims of this research was to find out whether or not Index Card Match Method of cooperative learning can significantly increase students’ English achievement to the seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Wonomulyo. The method used in this research is quantitative research using pre-experimental method with one group pre-test and post-test design. The procedure of collecting data involved administrating pre-test before treatment and post-test after treatment. The population of this research was seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 6 Wonomulyo academic year 2023/2024. The sample was taken by using cluster sample technique, where the researcher chose one class consisted 18 students. The result of this research showed that the mean score of students’ English achievement before taught by Index Card Match method was 38.89, while after doing the treatment, the mean score was 64.00. To find out the difference between pre-test and post-test, the researcher applied t-test. The value of t-test was 14.726 greater than the value of t-table 2.110 at the level of significance 0.05 and the degree of freedom was 17. The conclusion of this research is the Index Card Match method of cooperative learning can significantly increase the students’ English achievement.

Strategi Peremajaan Sawit Rakyat dan Pengembangan Usaha KUD Sumber Makmur Menggunakan Pendekatan Business Model Canvas

KUD Sumber Makmur is one of the Village Unit Cooperatives located in Pelalawan Regency, Riau. As a form of sustainable palm oil management, cooperative members' oil palm lands that have reached economic maturity need to be replanted. Apart from that, managing KUD cooperatives requires a cooperative business development strategy model. This research aims to identify strategies for rejuvenating smallholder palm oil and business development for KUD Sumber Makmur using the Business Model Canvas approach. The research was conducted in September 2023 at KUD Sumber Makmur, Pelalawan Regency, Riau. The data collection methods in this research are primary data and secondary data. The data analysis used in this research uses a qualitative descriptive type. The strategy for rejuvenating smallholder oil palms at KUD Sumber Makmur consists of the data collection stage and the implementation stage of the smallholder oil palm rejuvenation program. The business development strategy at KUD Sumber Makmur is: The Key Partner of the cooperative is PT Asian Agri, Key Activities of the cooperative consist of a savings and loan unit, agricultural production facilities unit, FFB Transportation unit, and FFB Sales unit, Value Proposition consists of cooperative FFB Quality and Palm Oil Certification, Customer relationships consist of efforts to maintain the quality of FFB and establish good communication with offtakers. Customer segments consist of off-taker companies (PT Asian Agri) and BPDPKS. Key resources consist of partner farmers' land, cooperative buildings, and transportation equipment. Channels consist of Direct and Contract methods, Cost Structure consists of production costs and operational costs, Revenue streams consist of FFB Sales

Waters of Contention: The GERD and Its Impact on Nile Basin Cooperation and Conflict

The Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD) on the Nile River has become a focal point in the fields of water diplomacy, economics, and environmental considerations in the Nile Basin. Announced during the Arab Spring in 2011, the GERD aims to address Ethiopia’s significant energy shortfall and foster regional economic growth by potentially doubling the country’s electricity output. However, this ambition has heightened tensions with downstream countries, especially Egypt and Sudan, which rely heavily on the Nile for their water needs. This paper examines the ongoing conflict surrounding the GERD, focusing on the deadlock situation despite considerable scholarly attention to its economic, political, and environmental dimensions. The analysis presented in this paper reveals the roots of contention by analyzing past treaties and the present negotiation status, illustrating the complex interplay between development goals, environmental sustainability, and regional water security. The paper advocates for a revised legal framework that moves beyond past agreements towards a more inclusive, cooperative management strategy for the Nile’s waters. It proposes the development of a new treaty between Egypt, Ethiopia, and Sudan, grounded in their 2015 Declaration of Principles agreement and inspired by successful international dispute resolutions. It also discusses the potential of neutral third-party interventions to facilitate unbiased negotiations grounded in the Graph Model for Conflict Resolution, emphasizing the importance of equitable and sustainable water governance. In essence, this research calls for a collaborative approach to resolve the GERD conflict, emphasizing the need for agreements that harmonize developmental ambitions with the water security of the Nile Basin nations. .

A global comparative analysis of guidelines for herbal medicines Pharmacopoeia and Good Manufacturing Practice, with a case study of Panax ginseng C.A Meyer

IntroductionThe use of herbal medicines is widespread, and ensuring their quality control, as guaranteed by pharmacopoeia and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) guidelines, has garnered significant attention. Discrepancies in quality standards across different regulatory agencies challenge the global marketing of herbal medicines and hinder public access to these products. Therefore, this research aims to compare pharmacopeia on Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (P. ginseng) and GMP guidelines for herbal medicines to provide an evidence-based understanding of quality control standards. MethodsDefinitions of herbal medicines across regulatory authorities, including the World Health Organization (WHO), Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S), European Union (EU), China, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam, were collected. Additionally, pharmacopeial standards on Panax ginseng case study were analysed, focusing on aspects such as origin, identification, testing methods, extractives, assay, purity, and drug information. The study also compared GMP requirements for herbal medicines, which included personnel, premises and equipment, documentation, production, quality control, contract manufacturing and analysis, complaints and product recall, and self-inspection. ResultsDefinitions of herbal medicines are similar among the WHO, PIC/S, and the EU, while distinct definitions based on scientific evidence and traditional practices were presented in China, Japan, South Korea, and Vietnam. Pharmacopeia standards varied across regulatory agencies, as evidenced by the P. ginseng case study. However, testing methods closely resembled each other between China and Vietnam, as well as between Japan and South Korea. Among pharmacopoeias, the WHO monographs offered the most comprehensive drug information on P. ginseng. In contrast, the European Pharmacopoeia lists such details separately in a P. ginseng assessment report. Regarding GMP requirements, although examined components varied among regulatory agencies, significant resemblances exist between the GMP guidelines of PIC/S, the EU, and South Korea, and between those of the WHO and Vietnam. ConclusionsDisparities in quality standards across jurisdictions highlight the necessity for international collaboration to achieve harmonization. Harmonizing these standards aims to promote the global availability of standardized herbal medicinal products, benefiting public health.

Internationalization of Curriculum (IoC) in Higher Education: A Global Cooperative Strategy

Research indicates that recent advancements in information and communication technologies have introduced new implications for the internationalization of higher education institutions. The aim of this review is to study the extent of the Internationalization of Curriculum (IoC) in higher education from a global perspective. Databases including ERIC, Academic Search Premier, and HINARI were used to search for relevant literature. The search was conducted with combinations of the search terms: Internationalization, Curriculum, Higher education, and graduate attributes. The review identified extensive references to the internationalization of curriculum in higher education across the globe including American, African, European, Middle Eastern and Asian countries. The analysis of the findings has indicated IoC implementation as a complex process involving various actors stakeholders such as teachers, students, and other institutional leaders. Findings have also highlighted that implementation of IoC accompanies several challenges, which the stakeholders need to address during the process of selecting the contents, ways of teaching, and evaluating, also including institutional, social, and political support from within and outside the institutions. The aspect of graduate attributes has been minimally explored in terms of IoC. There is a great deal of available literature which emphasizes the need for Internationalization in Higher Education Institutions (HIEs) to extend beyond the mobility of students, staff, and faculty through international affiliations and global partnerships. The findings have raised questions for further research to include a wider cohort from various disciplines in higher education. Students’ and teachers’ perspectives and attitudes towards IoC must be studied to further understand the need for its development.

Effect of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Students’ Learning Motivation and Alienation

This study examines and analyzes the effect of students’ cooperative learning strategies on learning motivation and alienation. The sample included 367 students, who were administered a questionnaire survey on cooperative learning strategies, learning motivation and alienation. The data were analyzed and the correlation between cooperative learning strategies and students’ learning motivation and alienation was verified. Considering the urban and rural educational backgrounds of college students in compulsory education as control variables, the findings verify that educational background plays a controlling role in the influence of cooperative learning strategies on students’ learning motivation and sense of alienation.

Research on interregional oil cooperation-sanctions with evolutionary game

PurposeThe game strategies differ when different regions participate in the oil game. Under what circumstances will different participants choose cooperation or sanction strategies? This is the core issue of this paper.Design/methodology/approachRegarding the current and future game behavior between different regions in the oil trade, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model between two regions to explore the possibility of sanctions strategies between the two sides in different situations.FindingsThe research finds: (1) When the benefits of in-depth cooperation between the two regions are greater, both sides tend to adopt cooperative strategies. (2) When the trade conflict losses between the two regions are smaller, both sides adopt sanctions strategies. (3) When a strong region trades with a weak region, if the former adopts a sanctions strategy, the net profits are greater than the benefits of in-depth cooperation between the two regions. If the latter adopts a sanctions strategy, the net profits are less than the trade conflict losses between the two regions. There will be the strong region adopting a sanctions strategy and the weak region adopting a non-sanctions strategy. At this time, the latter should reasonably balance the immediate and future interests and give up some current interests in exchange for in-depth cooperation between the two regions. Otherwise, it will fall into the situation of unilateral sanctions by the strong against the weak.Originality/valueThere is no paper in the existing literature that uses the evolutionary game method to analyze the oil game problem between the two regions. This paper constructs a two-party evolutionary game model composed of crude oil importers and crude oil exporters and, based on this, analyzes the evolutionary stability between the two regions under sanctions and cooperation strategies, which enriches the energy research field.

Ultra-Long Carrier Lifetime of Spiral Perovskite Nanowires Realized through Cooperative Strategy of Selective Etching and Passivation.

Spiral inorganic perovskite nanowires (NWs) possess unique morphologies and properties that allow them highly attractive for applications in optoelectronic and catalytic fields. In popular solution-based synthesis methodology, however, challenges persist in simultaneously achieving precise and facile control over morphological twisting and fantastic carrier lifetimes. Here, a cooperative strategy of concurrently employing selective etching and ligand engineering is applied to facilitate the formation of spiral CsPbBr3 perovskite NWs with an ultralong carrier lifetime of ≈2 µs. Specifically, a novel amine of 1-(p-tolyl)ethanamine is introduced to functionalize as both a selective etchant and the source of forming an effective ligand to passivate the exposed facets, favoring the structural twisting and the enhancement of carrier lifetimes. The twisting behaviors are dependent on the etch ratios, which are essentially associated with the densities of grain boundaries and dislocations in the NWs. The ultralong carrier lifetime and long-term stability of the spiral NWs open up new possibilities for all-inorganic perovskites in optoelectronic and photocatalytic fields, while the cooperative synthesis strategy paves the way for exploring complex spiral structures with tunable morphology and functionality.