Cooperative Scheme Research Articles

Peran Masyarakat Desa Rejosari dalam Mencegah Stunting pada Anak

Stunting is a long-term nutritional problem that severely affects children's physical growth and cognitive development. To address stunting, Rejosari Village has developed various community-based initiatives. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Rejosari Village community functions to prevent stunting in children by using cooperation and participation strategies. Socialization of stunting, nutrition counseling for pregnant women and breastfeeding mothers, routine monitoring of pregnant women's health, and provision of supplementary food for children under five are some of the programs in which the community is actively involved. Village health cadres also play an important role in supporting the implementation of these programs by providing direct instruction and guidance to residents. A qualitative case study was conducted to collect data through field observations and interviews. The results showed that community involvement not only increased awareness of the importance of preventing stunting but also increased active participation in maintaining the health and nutrition of children in Rejosari Village. The village experienced a decrease in stunting rates due to strong community participation, which was supported by the village government and non-governmental organizations. The results suggest that the community-based intervention model used in Rejosari Village can be adapted and applied in other villages facing similar problems in preventing stunting.

Hybrid reward-punishment in feedback-evolving game for common resource governance.

How to maintain the sustainability of common resources is a persistent challenge, as overexploiters often undermine collective efforts by prioritizing personal gain. To mitigate the overexploitation of resources by violators, previous theoretical studies have revealed that the introduction of additional incentives, whether to reward rule-abiding cooperators or to punish those who overexploit, can be beneficial for the sustainability of common resources when the resource growth rate is not particularly low. However, these studies have typically considered rewarding and punishing in isolation, thus overlooking the role of their combination in common resource governance. Here, we introduce a hybrid incentive strategy based on reward and punishment within a feedback-evolving game, in which there is a complex interaction between human decision making and resource quantity. Our coevolutionary dynamics reveal that resources will be depleted entirely, even with cooperative strategies for prudent exploitation, when resource growth is slow. When the rate of resource growth is not particularly low, we find that the coupled system can generate a state where resource sustainability and cooperation can be maintained. Furthermore, when the rate of resource growth is moderate, we find that achieving this state cannot simply allocate all incentive budgets to reward. In addition, the increase in per capita incentives significantly promotes the stability of this state.

Ambient Backscatter-Based User Cooperation for mmWave Wireless-Powered Communication Networks with Lens Antenna Arrays

With the rapid consumer adoption of mobile devices such as tablets and smart phones, tele-traffic has experienced a tremendous growth, making low-power technologies highly desirable for future communication networks. In this paper, we consider an ambient backscatter (AB)-based user cooperation (UC) scheme for mmWave wireless-powered communication networks (WPCNs) with lens antenna arrays. Firstly, we formulate an optimization problem to maximize the minimum rate of two users by jointly designing power and time allocation. Then, we introduce auxiliary variables and transform the original problem into a convex form. Finally, we propose an efficient algorithm to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed AB-based UC scheme outperforms the competing schemes, thus improving the fairness performance of throughput in WPCNs.

A Cooperative Optimization Model for Variable Approach Lanes at Signaled Intersections Based on Real-Time Flow.

To resolve the congestion caused by imbalanced traffic at intersections, this paper establishes a model of the average delay deviation with the minimization of the average delay in the approach as the optimization objective. Then, the signal control scheme is further optimized based on the variable approach lanes setting. First, we investigate the threshold conditions for setting the VALs under different flows in a single approach direction. The results show that when the ratio of left-turn traffic exceeds the threshold range of 0.20~0.28, the function of the VALs needs to be changed from straight to left-turn. Then, based on the improved Webster's formula, an optimal timing method that aims at minimizing the average vehicle delay, minimizing the queue length, and maximizing the capacity, is proposed. Finally, taking the actual Huangke intersection in the Hefei demonstration area as an example, three schemes are compared and analyzed in the case of a VAL at the intersection. The results show that under the cooperative optimization scheme proposed in this paper, the travel time and the efficiency of the intersection could be reduced by 18.7% and 9.9%, respectively, when compared with the original and Webster's schemes.

A study on the spatial correlation network structure and its influencing factors of coupling coordination between FDI flow network and carbon transfer network in the belt and road initiative countries

Clarifying the spatial correlation characteristics and influencing factors of coupling coordination between Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) flow networks and carbon transfer networks in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative is of utmost importance for the formulation of regional carbon governance strategies and the establishment of a high-quality Green Silk Road. This study used a comprehensive approach combining social network analysis and coupling coordination model to measure the coupling coordination degree of FDI flow networks and carbon transfer networks of 67 Belt and Road countries from 2010 to 2016. In addition, a modified gravity model is used to characterize the spatial correlation network structure of coupling coordination between the two networks, and the QAP regression analysis method is applied to investigate the factors influencing the spatial association network. The results are as follows: 1) The spatial correlation network of coupling coordination between the two networks has good accessibility and relatively high overall network stability. 2) Countries such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates occupy central positions in the network, while Bahrain and Jordan are positioned on the periphery of the network. 3) The spatial correlation network can be divided into three sectors: net outflow, net inflow, and bidirectional overflow sectors. 4) Spatial adjacency, bilateral investment treaties, economic development, and institutional quality have significant positive effects on the spatial association network, while the industrial structure and the level of infrastructure development have a significant negative impact. This study proposes an indicator system for the coupling coordination between FDI flow networks and carbon transfer networks. The aim is to investigate the coupling coordination relationship between FDI flow networks and carbon emission transfer networks in countries along the Belt and Road Initiative, providing important guidance for the formulation of regional cooperative carbon emission reduction strategies in other regions.

Multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection for reactive follower jamming in ISAC

AbstractAccurate jamming detection is a prerequisite and important support for efficient anti‐jamming communication in integrated sensing and communications. In recent years, the reactive follower jamming, characterized by the high jamming efficiency and the difficulty of detection, is seen as the main opponent for frequency hopping spread spectrum communication, which poses a threat to the reliability of wireless communication. Based on the background, a multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme is proposed for accurately detecting the reactive follower jamming. Specifically, the secondary nodes send the average energy of the suspected attacked symbols to the primary user as the uplink data in each detection period, and then the detection result is provided by the detection threshold. The optimal detection threshold is derived for the primary user according to the uplink data and channel conditions. In addition, the theoretical probability of detection under the optimal threshold is derived, and the complexity of the scheme is analysed. Simulation results show that the proposed multiple‐nodes based cooperative jamming detection scheme for reactive follower jamming can effectively improve the probability of detection.

Cost-Effective Server Deployment for Multi-Access Edge Networks: A Cooperative Scheme

Cost-Effective Server Deployment for Multi-Access Edge Networks: A Cooperative Scheme

Adaptive Neural Cooperative Control of Multirobot Systems With Input Quantization.

This article develops the adaptive neural cooperative control scheme for a group of mobile robots with a limited sensing range in presence of input quantization by a dynamic surface control technique. First, to make the controller design feasible, the original robotic system is transformed into a new fully actuated system using a transverse function. Then, taking into consideration the effects of a hysteresis quantizer, an adaptive neural cooperative controller is developed based on the universal approximation property of the radial basis function neural networks and the connectivity preservation strategy. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme can guarantee that all closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded. Meanwhile, desired constraints are not breached and tracking errors are within the predefined domains. Finally, several simulation results are carried out to testify the feasibility and efficiency of the theoretical findings revealed in this article.

A double-edged sword: diverse interactions in hypergraphs

Abstract Interaction diversity and interaction identity, as two classic interaction patterns in real-world systems, are frequently employed to probe into the cooperative dilemmas among participants with diverse interaction identities within groups. Considering the influence of factors such as hyperlink configurations on the evolution of cooperation within complex networks, this study particularly focuses on the organic integration of hypergraphs and diverse interaction modes. Employing the public goods game model in uniformly stochastic hypergraphs, we explore the effects of synergy factors and diverse interacting individuals on the cooperation rate and strategy consistency within hyperlinks. We emphasize that the diverse interacting individuals are a double-edged sword, and the controlled number of such individuals is conducive to the evolution of cooperation. The findings of this study reveal the significance of these two typical interaction patterns and provide valuable insights for coordinating them to achieve social optimality in cooperation.

How does market competition affect enterprise cooperative innovation? The moderating role of intellectual property protection and government subsidies

Cooperative innovation is an effective strategy for enterprises to obtain innovation resources and reduce innovation costs. However, existing studies have paid less attention to why and when enterprises choose cooperative innovation strategies. Focusing on market competition as a salient feature of the task environment, this study explores the mechanisms through which it affects cooperative innovation. Using a sample of leading manufacturing enterprises in China between 2010 and 2018, we adopt a negative binomial model to test our hypotheses. The results show that market competition has a U-shaped relationship with cooperative innovation breadth and cooperative innovation depth. And the relationship between market competition and cooperative innovation is moderated by the institutional environment factors. Specifically, the main effect is negatively moderated by intellectual property protection. And government subsidies only have significant moderating effects on the relationship between market competition and cooperative innovation breadth, but no significant moderating effects on the relationship between market competition and cooperative innovation depth. Besides, revealing the aforementioned relationship, this study provides theoretical and practical implications on how to strike a balance between innovation resources acquisition from the external partners and the associated risks of cooperation.

ASEAN and European Union addressing the challenges of the 21st century

Abstract Subject and purpose of work The European Union (EU) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) are trade partners and believe in rules-based multilateralism. They have developed strong ties despite starting from different starting points and having different standards. The EU is a mature regional cooperation scheme(union) with a highly institutionalized and legalized architecture. At the same time, ASEAN is an intergovernmental association with low institutionalization and legalization in which decisions are made by consensus. After almost fifty years of establishing a diplomatic dialogue between the EU and ASEAN, their cooperation has been of essential importance in maintaining peace and balancing great power rivalries. Materials and methods Bibliography in books and articles. Results The EU and ASEAN are among the world’s largest economies in terms of gross domestic product. The EU is already the world’s second-largest economy, and ASEAN could become the world’s fourth-largest economy by 2030. The EU looks forward to strengthening its economic cooperation with ASEAN to maintain its competitive position in the dynamically developing region of the Indo-Pacific. ASEAN is a crucial hub for transporting European goods and is essential in regional supply chains. Closer trade and investment relations could also help the EU achieve its goal of a strategic partnership between the two regional blocks encompassing political and economic cooperation. It would be desirable if the EU and ASEAN continue to connect Europe and Asia by acting as balancers and reducing tensions between the major international players. Conclusions In the 21st century, the rise of China, India, and other regional powers is consolidating a multipolar system and new geopolitical balances. In this new era, the EU and ASEAN can continue to connect Europe and Asia by acting as balancers and reducing tensions between the major international players.

Access Point Cooperation Strategies for Coded Random Access in Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Access Point Cooperation Strategies for Coded Random Access in Cell-Free Massive MIMO

Evaluating community-embedded elder care: A case study of supply and demand in Hangzhou, China.

With China's urbanization and demographic shifts significantly affecting elder care, this study examines the alignment of community-based elder care services in Hangzhou's Hemu Community. It addresses the gap in understanding how these services meet the needs of an aging population in a rapidly changing social context. A comprehensive mixed-methods approach was utilized, involving interviews with community residents, observations of elder care service operationsand thorough document analysis. The objective was to evaluate the adequacy, utilizationand satisfaction levels concerning these elder care services. The research identified that, although the services generally meet the community's needs, there are notable challenges in content specificity, quality assuranceand promotional efforts. These challenges lead to resistance among older adults. Additionally, issues with service visibility and the lack of robust feedback mechanisms were noted. This study highlights the critical need for a cooperative strategy involving government, community organizations, social entitiesand businesses in enhancing elder care services. It suggests that improvements in service visibility, content qualityand targeted promotion are crucial to address the evolving needs of the aging population and to reduce reluctance in service utilization.

Environmental implications of migration: Worldwide insights

This study investigates the impact of migrants’ skills, employment sectors, urban planning and energy sectors efficiency on carbon emissions. Utilizing the static and dynamic methods Dynamic GMM, Spatial methods on a panel dataset covering 156 nations from 2000 to 2022. Our findings reveal that heightened geopolitical risk leads to both short and long run increases in carbon emissions and the ecological footprint. The results indicate positive impact of international migration, travel services and urbanization on CO2 emissions. The results also investigate interaction effects, revealing the amplifying effect of urban population density on the association between international migration and CO2 emissions. The disaggregated analysis shows that migrants positively impact CO2 emissions in high income, Lower Income while there is complex association in upper middle-income economies. The findings provide policymakers with valuable insights for prioritizing the adoption of renewable energy, sustainable urban planning, energy efficiency measures, sustainable tourism practices, carbon pricing mechanisms, international cooperation, and sustainable economic growth strategies that are tailored to specific country contexts.

Country-level evenness measure in assessing progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)

Achieving the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) requires an overall and well-balanced achievement of all SDGs rather than cherry-picking a few. While it is vital to assess the evenness of SDGs achievement, such analysis, particularly on a global scale, is still evidently absent from the existing literature. To remedy such a scholarly gap, this paper measures the evenness of SDGs achievement for 193 countries from 2010 to 2019 by adapting the evenness assessment method originating from ecology and biodiversity literature. Our analyses regarding the country-level SDG evenness index scores (EIS) indicate a significant heterogeneity across countries. Global South countries usually underperform in the evenness of 17 goals, while a significant portion of Global North countries also suffer from the unbalanced developments in SDGs. By integrating the evenness measures into the conventional global SDG monitoring framework, this study identifies six development paths in pursuing the SDGs and shows that maintaining the overall SDGs improvements while balancing the development of each goal is practical but has not taken place in at least 35% of countries. We estimate that the SDG evenness and average performance could further increase by 3.5 p.p. and 2.1 p.p., or 74 percent and 50 percent of the growth in the baseline continue past paths scenario, respectively, if each country could follow the effective development path of frontier counterparts with similar income levels. Our SDG evenness measures, complemented by inter-temporal cross-country analyses, could inform policies and cooperation strategies to identify the weaknesses in sustainable development, boost effective growth, and protect unevenly developed countries. Future research could further develop these measures to provide deeper insights into achieving rapid and well-balanced development of SDGs at various levels.

En Route to Enantioenriched Quaternary Stereocenters via Lewis Base/Palladium Cooperative Catalysis

AbstractThe prevalence of quaternary stereogenic centers in bioactive molecules coupled with innate challenges associated with their enantioselective preparation continues to provide powerful impetus for the development of catalytic asymmetric methods capable of their construction. Herein, we describe a cooperative isothiourea Lewis base‐palladium catalyst system that enables the enantioselective alkylation of α‐substituted‐α‐cyano esters with allyl methanesulfonate. While the levels of enantioselection are modest, this study represents the first time we have successfully constructed quaternary‐substituted stereogenic centers using this Lewis base‐palladium cooperative catalysis scheme. Further, this strategy constitutes a departure from ligand‐based enantiocontrol and suggests that, when using acidic pro‐nucleophiles, the development of protocols where Lewis base catalysis can outcompete direct deprotonation might be within reach.

The effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy for mastery in enhancing the skill performance of some gymnastics floor movements

The effectiveness of cooperative learning strategy for mastery in enhancing the skill performance of some gymnastics floor movements

Water Sharing Geopolitics between India and Bangladesh: Recent Trends

The partnership between India and Bangladesh according to water sharing is complex by traditional, geographical, political, sociological, and economical issues. Understanding the present dynamics in water-sharing geopolitics is necessary for understanding the pathways of their bilateral partnership and the conjugation for regional sustainability and improvement. Both countries share almost 54 rivers for example Teesta, Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna. These rivers are lifelines for Bangladesh and India, providing essential irrigation water, communication, and indigenous consumption. However, the unequal distribution of water and the influence of climate change have increased challenges over water management procedures. While both countries have contracted diverse treaties and agreements to manage shared rivers, implementation hazards and occasional breaches of trust have channeled their partners. Subsequently, the increasing demand for water due to population enrichment and industrialization shapes modern challenges for stable water mechanisms. This research aims to describe the present dynamics in water-sharing geopolitics between India and Bangladesh, examining the evolving trends, key factors, and their conjugations for regional sustainability and collaboration. By extending the complexities of this critical view of their partnership, this study seeks to contribute to a deeper realization of South Asia's geopolitical arena and prosecutorial dynamics for cooperative water distribution strategies.

Cooperative edge-caching based transmission with minimum effective delay in heterogeneous cellular networks

In heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs), neighboring users often request similar contents asynchronously. Based on the content popularity, base stations (BSs) can download and cache contents when the network is idle, and transmit them locally when the network is busy, which can effectively reduce the backhaul burden and the transmission delay. We consider a two-tier HCN, where macro base stations (MBSs) and small base stations (SBSs) can cooperatively and probabilistically cache contents. Each user is associated to the BS with the maximum average received signal power in any tier. With the cooperative content transfer between MBS tier and SBS tier, users can adaptively obtain contents from BSs or remote content servers. We properly model both wired and wireless delays when a user requests an arbitrary content, and propose the concept of effective delay. Content caching probabilities are optimized using the Marine Predators Algorithm via minimizing the average effective delay. Numerical results show that our proposed cooperative caching scheme achieves much shorter delays than the benchmark caching schemes.

A DMPC-based three-dimensional cooperative guidance scheme with impact time and impact angle constraints

In this paper, a distributed model predictive control (DMPC)-based three-dimensional (3D) cooperative guidance scheme is proposed for multiple interceptors with controllable thrust and constrained acceleration, to simultaneously attack a maneuvering target at desired terminal angles. The cooperative guidance scheme consists of a fractional power function-based extended state observer (FPESO) for disturbance estimation, and a DMPC controller to generate the control actions. By introducing the assumed state trajectory, the DMPC controller (of each interceptor) can simultaneously employ the zebra optimization algorithm (ZOA) to solve the constrained optimization problem, and generate the real-time guidance commands with no need of any global information. For restricting the uncertain deviation between the assumed state trajectory and the actual one, a compatibility constraint is designed, and the terminal ingredients are developed for coupling and decoupling stage costs, respectively. By applying the above designed constraints and the terminal ingredients, the recursive feasibility of the resulting optimization problem and the closed-loop stability of multi-interceptor system are both ensured. Through numerical simulations, it is verified that the proposed cooperative guidance scheme can achieve cooperative interception with impact time and angle constraints in various scenarios, and has advantageous performance.