Cooperative Research And Development Agreement Research Articles

Investigation of S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ production and mitigation in compressed SF/sub 6/-insulated power systems

The Cooperative Research and Development Agreement (CRADA), established to study the production and mitigation of S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ (disulfur decafluoride), one of a number of toxic by-products formed in electric discharges in the insulating gas SF/sub 6/, is described. The particular concern about S/sub 2/F/sub 10/ is due to its highly toxic nature, the ceiling limit value being 10 parts per billion (ppb, or 1 part in 10/sup 8/), and the need for development of sensitive detection techniques down to this level. In the presence of an electrical discharge such as an arc, spark, or corona, a portion of the SF/sub 6/ decomposes into lower fluorides of sulphur which can react to form a number of chemically active by-products including SOF/sub 2/ and SO/sub 2/F/sub 2/. During the maintenance or repair of SF/sub 6/-insulated equipment, the handling of these gaseous is a matter of concern. Preliminary arc experiment results, reported health-related incidents caused by SF/sub 6/ by-products, and ongoing studies are discussed. >

EPA’S Federal Technology Transfer Act Program

In 1986, the Federal Technology Transfer Act (FTTA) was established to promote a closer, collaborative relationship between federal government agencies and the private sector. With the increasing need for new cost-effective technologies to prevent and control pollution, both the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and private industry are encouraged to facilitate the transfer of knowledge and technology under this Act. The FTTA removed several of the legal and institutional barriers to cooperative research that existed before the Act's passage. Through the FTTA, the government strives to promote the movement of its products, processes, skills and knowledge into the private sector for further development and commercialization by encouraging the exchange of technical personnel and the sharing of facilities and other resources. Collaborative efforts among industry, federal agencies and academia are made possible through cooperative research and development agreements (CRDAs). Thirty-three CRDAs and four lic...

Long term survival and cure after childhood cancer.

Investigations of long term survival and evidence concerning cure among children surviving at least three years after most of the more common childhood cancers treated in Britain between 1960 and 1981 are reported. The results indicate striking improvements in survival beyond three years for many childhood tumours over this period. For most childhood tumours considered over 80% of those who had survived at least three years were alive 10 years later. Comparison of mortality observed among survivors with that expected for the general population showed evidence of cure among those who had survived at least three years after non-Hodgkin lymphomas and non-genetic retinoblastoma. Survivors of other tumours, with sufficient cases surviving beyond 10 years to examine excess mortality, rarely experienced an excess that exceeded one extra death per 100 survivors per year. Children who had survived at least 10 years after other embryonal tumours, soft tissue sarcomas, or osteosarcoma never experienced an excess mortality exceeding one extra death per 200 survivors per year.