Cooperative Pooling Research Articles

The Effect of “Internet of Things” on Aircraft Spare Parts Inventory Management

Aircraft spare parts inventory management is crucial for airlines as it directly impacts fleet availability and customer satisfaction. Internet of Things (IoT) and big data analytics could decrease the risk of unavailability and the inventory costs for airlines. This paper aims to highlight the role of IoT in aircraft spare parts inventory management. According to Klipi et al. (2009), four generic practices are used by airlines for supplying spare parts: in-house sourcing, ad-hoc, cooperative pooling, and commercial pooling. The implications of IoT in these four strategies are assessed. The business model of KLM engineering and maintenance department provided by (Van Rijssel, 2016) is used to elaborate the application of IoT from four perspectives of component and reliability; airlines engineering and maintenance; logistics arrangement and market.

Design of Power Pool Scheme for Demand-Side Management of Co-Located Banks

The design of a power pool scheme for demand-side management of co-located banks in Owerri metropolis, Nigeria has been carried out in this work. The paper addressed the problem of matching instantaneous load demand with appropriate generator capacities which results from dynamic nature of small and medium scale industrial load, such as co-located banks. It also aimed at proffering solutions to health and environmental problems associated with use of scattered single generators per firm. A model for interconnection of generators and loads in a pool structure was developed to form a ring network, analogous to a typical power system. One of the generators in the pool was chosen as the slack bus and the other generators and load buses were arranged in the power pool arrangement such that Newton-Raphson’s method could be applied in load flow analysis. With this modeling and application of appropriate schedule, a cooperative pooling model was developed such that only the exact generating capacities were deployed. The proposed model was simulated by paralleling three 200kVA generator units in a synchronized ring network to serve the entire five banks. Results from the load flow analysis showed that the per unit voltage magnitudes at buses 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 1.000, 0.997, 1.000, 0.998 and 1.000 respectively, while voltage mismatch angles (degree) were also gotten as 0.000, 0.003, 0.024, 0.060 and 0.086 respectively for the buses 1 to 5. From the cost benefit analysis carried out, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 1.965 was calculated, which showed that this project will be very beneficial to the co-operating banks. Scheduling the operations of the three generators using mathematical permutation and combination model showed that the total man-hour of the plant operators is reduced by 40%. Also, applying the greenhouse gases emissions cost model it was found that the carbon footprints i.e. greenhouse cost for the interconnected network is reduced by 40%.

Hype As a Public Good for Innovation

Early stage innovation can benefit from cooperative pooling of distributed information and other innovation resources in order to discover entrepreneurial opportunities (what Allen and Potts (2016) call the ‘innovation commons’). The innovation commons is a private ordering, but social welfare losses arise when innovation commons fail to form, or are small and only weakly cooperative. This results in arrested Schumpeterian development. We suggest a mechanism by which a government can facilitate private cooperation in innovation commons by exploiting the behavioural heuristic of loss aversion through the public provision of targeted technology hype. What we call hypeless technologies can experience innovation failure because of an undersupply of early stage cooperation (i.e. pooling information and resources), retarding entrepreneurial discovery and cruelling the innovation trajectory. Weak cooperation occurs because of missing anticipation of regret (Kahneman and Tversky 1979) about the consequences of not being in the innovation commons. The purpose of hype is not to sell the technology, but to induce awareness that may manifest as loss aversion, which is privately resolved by supplying cooperation.

Antivenom for snakebite envenoming in Sri Lanka: The need for geographically specific antivenom and improved efficacy

Sri Lanka is a tropical developing island nation that endures significant economic and medical burden as a result of snakebite envenomation, having not only a high prevalence of envenomations, but also one of the highest incidence rates (200 snakebites/100,000 people/year) of venomous snakebite in the world (Kasturiratne et al., 2005). Ironically, the very snakes responsible for this human morbidity and mortality are a valuable biomedical and ecological national resource, despite the medical and economic consequences of envenomation. Currently, no snake antivenom is produced using venoms from native Sri Lankan snakes as immunogens, and there is a true need for an efficacious Sri Lanka, poly-specific snake antivenom. An approach to fulfilling this need via combining the scientific, technological and economical resources from Costa Rica and the United States with the knowledge and talent of Sri Lankan official governmental agencies, legal counsels, environmental, medical and veterinary academic institutions, and religious and cultural leaders has been initiated, coordinated and funded by Animal Venom Research International (AVRI), a nonprofit charity. This bridging of nations and the cooperative pooling of their resources represents a potential avenue for antivenom development in a developing country that suffers the consequences of few specific resources for the medical management of venomous snakebite. The desired final outcome of such an endeavor for Sri Lanka is, most importantly, improved medical outcomes for snakebite patients, with enhanced and expanded science and technology relating to snake venoms and antivenoms, and the collateral benefits of reduced economic cost for the country.

게임상황하에서 Capacity Pooling 효과에 관한 연구

Since pooling is a popular scheme in many areas to attain operational excellence, many researchers investi-gated the performance of pooling systems. However, rare research could be found on pooling with game situation which has much applicability to real world phenomenon. We analyze the performance of non- cooperative pooling system with two servers having different sharing capacity. We investigate the sensiti-vity of the advantage of capacity pooling on the variation of system parameters, including sharing capacity numbers, pooling probability, pooling strategy and traffic intensity. As a result, we suggest an efficient control policy which facilitate the performance of pooling in a game situation.

Optimal Cooperative Pooling in a Quality‐Differentiated Market

American Journal of Agricultural EconomicsVolume 91, Issue 5 p. 1224-1232 ASSA Meeting Invited Paper Session Optimal Cooperative Pooling in a Quality-Differentiated Market Tina L. Saitone, Tina L. Saitone postdoctoral scholar Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, DavisSearch for more papers by this authorRichard J. Sexton, Richard J. Sexton professor Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, DavisSearch for more papers by this author Tina L. Saitone, Tina L. Saitone postdoctoral scholar Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, DavisSearch for more papers by this authorRichard J. Sexton, Richard J. Sexton professor Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of California, DavisSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 December 2009 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8276.2009.01288.xCitations: 20 Sexton is a member of the Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics. The authors thank Pierre Mérel for helpful comments and Brent Hueth and the University of Wisconsin Center for Cooperatives for financial support. This article was presented in an invited paper session at the 2009 ASSA annual meeting in San Francisco, CA. The articles in these sessions are not subject to the journal's standard refereeing process. Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume91, Issue5December 2009Pages 1224-1232 RelatedInformation

Cooperative strategies for the availability service of repairable aircraft components

This paper specifies cooperative strategies for the availability service of repairable aircraft components and finds out which factors contribute to the emergence of a particular cooperative strategy. The strategies ad hoc cooperation, cooperative pooling and commercial pooling were specified and compared to the alternative of acting alone, i.e. solo strategy. A simulation model based on fair assumptions of the cost structure was constructed and the cooperative strategies were tested in a game theoretic setting both from the viewpoint of total efficiency and from the perspective of each participant. Despite the explicit focus on aircraft components, the findings should be relevant to any industry using a closed-loop maintenance process with repairable spare parts.

Colony Foundation in Leafcutting Ants: The Perils of Polygyny in Atta Laevigata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

The huge colonies of Atta leafcutting ants are usually started by independent females under claustral conditions (Huber, 1905; Weber, 1972; Wilson, 1985). Without foraging for supplementary food, the foundress female must rear worker offspring and successfully nurture the fungus culture. Consequently, Atta females are among the largest ants known, with massive thorax and gaster containing fat bodies and flight muscles which are consumed during colony foundation. Only in A. texana (Buckley) does cooperation among females appear to be common during colony foundation. This species has small females relative to other species in the genus, and cooperative pooling of resources may be especially advantageous in this circumstance (Mintzer, 1987). In larger species such as A. cephalotes L. and A. sexdens L., females usually avoid each other and work independently, even when they land in locally dense aggregations after mating flights (Wilson, 1985; Weber, 1972). Atta laevigata (F. Smith) is a common leafcutting ant in the savanna and deciduous forest regions of South America and is among the largest species in this genus (Oster and Wilson, 1979; Mariconi, 1970; MacKay, 1986). Herein, I report details of colony foundation in A. laevigata, including the interesting fate of one young colony collected with two dealate females.

Need to prevent and control high-normal and high-blood pressure, particularly so-called “mild” hypertension: Epidemiological and clinical data

The need to prevent and control high blood pressure (HBP), including so-called “mild” hypertension [diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 90–104 mm Hg in adults age 30+] stems from the extensive data on the increased risks due to these common blood pressure (BP) levels, including risk of catastrophic cardiovascular events (coronary, cerebrovascular, etc.), both nonfatal and fatal. Prospective population data from the national cooperative Pooling Project and the Chicago Heart Association Detection Project in Industry illustrate the extensively documented facts. They also show that only a small minority of middle-aged and older Americans have optimal low-normal BP levels, i.e., DBP < 80 mm Hg (SBP < 120). Thus, the problem of BP above optimal level for health over a long life span is a population-wide problem. The data also show that the great majority of excess catastrophic events attributable to elevated BP occur among people with DBP 90–104 and 80–89 mm Hg, levels very common in the population. Most people with such BP levels also have one or more other major risk factors (e.g., hypercholesterolemia, cigarette use, ECG abnormalities) and thus are at markedly increased risk, both relative and absolute. In addition to these excess risks for major illness, disability, and death, people with BP above optimal levels are more highly prone to other events, clinical and subclinical, that have adverse effects on longterm prognosis, including development of target organ damage and severe hypertension. These data lead to the following inferences about medical care and public health strategy: (a) A key task is, by safe nutritional-hygienic means, to shift the entire population distribution of BP downward, for both primary and secondary prevention of HBP. Such means include prevention and control of obesity, high sodium and alcohol intake, and sedentary habit, from early childhood on. (b) People with DBP 80–89 mm Hg need to be identified promptly, with institution of nutritional-hygienic measures to prevent development of frank hypertension and to correct other risk factors. (c) People with DBP 90–104 and higher need to be identified promptly, with institution of measures to normalize BP and control other major risk factors, by nutritional-hygienic means alone whenever possible or in combination with drug treatment for HBP when necessary to prevent organ system damage, serious illness, disability, and premature death. Progress in the implementation of these strategic approaches has contributed to substantial declines in the epidemic death rates from the major cardiovascular diseases and from all causes among the middle-aged and elderly of both sexes and all ethnic groups in the United States during the 1970s and early 1980s. Their further pursuit has the potential to contribute importantly to maintenance and intensification of these declines over the remaining years of the 20th century.

A RANK STATISTIC FOR ASSESSING THE AMOUNT OF VARIATION EXPLAINED BY RISK FACTORS IN EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES

A statistic, Q, based on the ranks of the estimated probabilities of disease is proposed for assessing the effectiveness of regression models used with dichotomous dependent variables in epidemiologic studies of risk factors for chronic diseases. The pitfalls of R2 are discussed, and the proposed statistic is compared with R2 utilizing 8.6-year incidence data from the national cooperative Pooling Project and 15-year mortality data from the Chicago Peoples Gas Company Study. Based on the risk factors, systolic blood pressure, serum cholesterol, and smoking status for middle-aged males, the proposed statistic, Q, attains from 27-44% of its maximum value for the endpoint, the first major coronary event, and from 35-46% of the maximum for death from the cardiovascular diseases.

Oversimplification of diet: coronary heart disease relationships and exaggerated diet recommendations

The data relating diet to coronary heart disease, when critically examined, clearly show that there is a normal spectrum of blood serum values, and that normal persons do not develop pathological levels upon the ingestion of eggs and other cholesterol-containing foods. The data also show that a small fraction of any population have pathological levels upon the ingestion of large amounts of cholesterol-containing foods. Average data obtained from mixed populations of normal and pathological blood lipid values should not be used to advise the normal majority of that population. The harmful effects of such policy are outlined. The data demonstrating the concept that the risk of coronary heart disease is a function of serum lipids at any level is no longer valid are reviewed. The data of the National Cooperative Pooling Project of the American Heart Association are used to show that up to 250 mg/dl there is no relationship between serum cholesterol concentration and risk.

A STUDY OF FEATURES USED IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA.

SUMMARY: Thirty-three strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, previously described as a species group by a quantitative study, were subjected to an extended schedule of tests used in bacterial classification and identification. Adansonian analysis by electronic computer confirmed previous results, indicating that the 33 strains should be treated as a species group. The 172 features coded for each strain were analysed by computer, yielding a ‘probability of occurrence’ of each feature within the species, P. aeruginosa. This output was then used to select features appropriate for diagnostic purposes. From the analyses it was also possible to measure the sensitivity of several methods for determining the presence or absence of characteristics such as pigment production and oxidation of gluconate to ketogluconate. The general applicability of the use of the computer to cooperative pooling of data by bacteriologists is discussed.