Cooperative Mode Research Articles

Clinical effect of ‘Fast-track Management’ guided by ERAS concept under the multi-disciplinary cooperation mode of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly

ABSTRACT The article was designed to explore the clinical efficacy of ‘Fast-track Management’ guided by ERAS concept under the multidisciplinary collaboration model for early operation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly. The clinical data of 198 intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnosis and treatment mode, they were divided into cooperative group and routine group. The preoperative waiting time, preoperative deep venous thrombosis, operation time, intraoperative bleeding, hospitalization time, Harris score, VAS score, intervention effect of eras concept, complication occurrence, and 1-year mortality were made a comparison. There were notable differences in the preoperative waiting time, the number of cases of preoperative deep vein thrombosis and the length of hospital stay between the cooperative group and routine group. The incidence of complications in the cooperative group was 9.38%, which was significantly lower than that in the conventional group, 54.90%. The 1-year mortality rate was clearly lower in the cooperative group than in the routine group. At 1 and 2 weeks after operation, VAS, HAMA and PSQI of the cooperative group were lower, but Harris and Barthel were higher than the routine group. At 1 month after operation, there was no clear difference in VAS and Harris between the cooperative group and routine group. The establishment of ‘Fast-track Management’ based on ERAS concept in the multidisciplinary collaboration model can effectively alleviate the pain of femoral intertrochanteric fracture in the elderly, shorten the hospital stay, reduce the occurrence of postoperative complications and the mortality within 1 year.

Group Cooperative Teaching Design With Knowledge Graphs in Project-Driven Learning

Using the educational knowledge graph to express the logical characteristics of knowledge, this paper takes project-driven learning in the teaching of “Information Technology in Secondary Schools” as an example and studies the group cooperative teaching mode based on the educational knowledge graph. The relationship between knowledge points in subject courses is described in the form of a knowledge graph, and the learning activities of coordinating the cooperation of each group are completed through the integration process of the knowledge graph. The use of a group cooperation teaching mode in the classroom can not only build a collaborative knowledge system between teachers and students but also help to carry out project-driven learning. The application of the knowledge graph of “Information Technology in Middle School” in the classroom can better show the logic between knowledge, and its graphical structure can help students to structure the knowledge they have learned.

A Multi-Subject Game-Based Operation Strategy for VPPs Integrating Wind-Solar-Storage

Along with the continuous development of renewable energy sources (RES) such as wind power and photovoltaic, a large proportion of RES were connected to the power grid. However, the volatility and intermittency of RES threaten the safe and stable operation of the power system. Virtual power plants (VPPs) were introduced to solve such problems. In order to study the cooperation mode of integrating wind-solar-storage for multi VPPs, this paper established multi-objective individual and joint dispatching model for single VPP and multi VPPs with wind-solar-storage, respectively. Then, this paper analyzed the cooperation and the fair distribution of benefits between VPPs. By establishing the competitive strategies of the participating subjects and integrating the Shapley value to effectively distribute the benefits, the cooperative game theory was applied to effectively enhance the benefit in the VPP, to maximize the economic benefits, and to reduce the RES uncertainty risks and carbon emissions, which provided new ideas for the subsequent research on the optimal operation of RES and their engineering applications. NSGA-II was adopted to solve the multi-objective optimization problem. The strategy achieved a 10.1% reduction on the original peak load. It could effectively reduce the peak load of the VPP and ensure the accuracy of load regulation, to reach 12% of the total capacity of the VPP.

Cooperation Mode Selection and Information Sharing in a Fresh Produce Supply Chain With Freshness-Keeping Effort

ABSTRACT This article considers a fresh produce supply chain where the supplier provides freshness-keeping effort and the e-commerce platform owns private demand information. The supplier can choose to cooperate with the platform in reselling or agency selling mode, and the platform can choose whether to share information. Considering that demand is affected mainly by freshness and price, we model a multistage game and explore the supplier’s cooperation mode choice and the platform’s information sharing strategy. We reveal that the supplier should consider scale economics while investing in freshness-keeping resources. The platform should be cautious in setting the commission fee because she does not always benefit from the increased commission rate. We also show that the platform may benefit or suffer from information sharing, depending on the freshness sensitivity and the cooperation mode choice. As information sharing benefits responsive decision making, we reveal that the supplier may choose agency selling to induce information sharing even at a high commission rate. We also find that the interaction between cooperation mode selection and information sharing may lead to a win–win or lose–lose equilibrium strategy. Specifically, the supplier and the platform may achieve win–win cooperation under agency selling (reselling) at a low (high) commission rate. Then, to improve supply-chain performance, we design incentive contracts to motivate information sharing and adjust the cooperation mode choice. After the strategy adjustment, we find that the supplier may adopt a strategy of high quality with a low price under agency selling.

The Study of Hierarchical Learning Behaviors and Interactive Cooperation Based on Feature Clusters

The study of learning behaviors with multi features is of great significance for interactive cooperation. The data prediction and decision are to realize the comprehensive analysis and value mining. In this study, hierarchical learning behavior based on feature cluster is proposed. Based on the massive data in interactive learning environment, the descriptive model and learning algorithm suitable for feature clustering are designed, and sufficient experiments obtain the optimal performance indexes. The data analysis results are reliable. On this basis, the hierarchical learning behaviors based on feature clusters are visualized, the rules of different learning behaviors are summarized, then we propose the practical scheme of interactive cooperation. The hierarchical learning behaviors can be realized by feature clusters, which can effectively improve the modes of interactive cooperation, and help to improve the learning effectiveness.

Asking Ligands to Lend a Hand

In classical transition-metal-catalysts, the ligand is a spectator, while all key transformations such as oxidative addition, β-hydride elimination and reductive elimination occur at the metal center. Herein, the ligand plays no direct role in the catalytic cycle and its function is limited to stabilizing the metal center and tuning its coordination environment. In recent years, participating ligands, which play an active role during the course of reaction, have received greater attention. The use of such ligands has allowed for the development of more active/selective catalysts and opened up new reaction pathways. There are many ways in which a ligand can influence the metal center to accelerate the catalytic transformation. For example, hemilabile ligands allow reversible dissociation of a donor unit to adapt to the stereoelectronic requirements of the reaction intermediates.Redox-non-innocent ligands participate in transferring electrons to/from the metal. There is a class of ligands that directly participate in bond making/breaking and undergo reversible chemical transformation during the catalytic cycle.These modes of ligand cooperativity have been discussed in many excellent reviews including those by Caulton,Milsteinand Grützmacher. Herein, we aim to address two distinct strategies to achieve ‘ligand-driven-chemistry’ – the use of (a) electronically asymmetric ligand, and (b) protic ligands. A brief discussion on the role of ligands in water activation for functionalization of organic compounds is given at the end.

A Study on the Reform of Ideological and Political Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges under the School-Enterprise Cooperation Mode—Taking the Mechatronic Design Course as an Example

A Study on the Reform of Ideological and Political Teaching in Higher Vocational Colleges under the School-Enterprise Cooperation Mode—Taking the Mechatronic Design Course as an Example

What is Global Saemaul Undong Doing in Africa?: Critical Examining Its Myth and the Reality in Rwanda

Purpose: This research aims to examine South Korea's enthusiasm in applying Saemaul Undong within their aid modalities, how the delivery has taken place, and its key goals.
 Originality: There are few studies about Global Saemaul Undong as a development cooperation modality. Thus, the paper investigates the perception of Saemaul Undong by not only the high-figures in Korea, but also the implementing field-workers in Rwanda.
 Methodology: A case study based on observations and interviews was conducted to investigate the government’s motivation to implement Saemaul Undong as a main model for international development. Given that the Saemaul Undong project was launched in 2016, both methods were essential for analyzing its implementation. The article contains some interviews with those who do not wish to reveal their identities, and thus are cited as anonymous informants.
 Result: The results indicated that those involved in the field implementing the Saemaul Undong project did not adhere to its principles as outlined by Korean officials, beyond the core campaign slogans. In operational terms, its approach of awareness-raising was a component used by programs in local communities to generate profits, in effect, via a pro-capitalism stance. Such interventions naturally stirred up quarrels among local participants and in the end, no parties wholly took responsibility, shifting blame onto each other instead.
 Conclusions and Implication: This result implies for policy-makers that development cooperation is essentially an intervention, therefore implementation of South Korea’s success story needs to be more considered.

Analysis and research on cooperative education mode of local colleges and universities under the background of integration of industry and education

The integration of industry and education is not only an important part of the development of China's collaborative education cause, but also an important measure of China's higher education reform. At present, there are still many problems in the cooperative education mode of production and education in China. In order to effectively promote the integration of production and education and the all-round integration of industrial development, form a professional system with closely connected industrial chain and employment chain, and establish a perfect talent training mode, the collaborative education mode of local colleges and universities still needs to be explored and practiced continuously.

The choice between the agency and reselling modes considering green technology with the cap-and-trade scheme

Given an online platform and a manufacturer, we research the platform mode choice where the two firms' cooperative mode is either the reselling or agency mode. With the cap-and-trade scheme, green technology is used to comply with this scheme and cater to consumers' environmental consciousness. We consider agency inefficiency and platform-enabled power, the platform's inherent characteristics in e-commerce, in our models. In addition, given the power structure, we consider three cases, namely the agency, manufacturer-led reselling, and platform-led reselling modes. Analyzing the optimal operational decisions, platform mode choice, and coordination problems in the three cases, we derive new and interesting findings. First, we uncover that increasing the cap weakens the optimal green level. However, increasing the cap first weakens and then enhances the optimal production quantity. Second, we uncover that the platform-led reselling mode is always more conducive to the production quantity and green level but the manufacturer-led reselling mode is more conducive to the manufacturer's profit. In addition, increasing agency inefficiency gradually enhances the market share, green level, and manufacturer's profit in the agency mode. Lastly, the manufacturer-led reselling mode can coordinate the two firms. Extending our models to consider the delivery time, we uncover that the agency and manufacturer-led reselling modes can coordinate the two firms.

The Power Transition under the Interaction of Different Systems—A Case Study of the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area

Power transition is the top priority in energy transition. All existing power transition paths have been studied under the same system; thus far, no basic research has investigated what paths are involved and how they cooperate with each other under the interaction of different systems. Taking the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macao Greater Bay Area (GBA), featuring a “one country, two systems” approach, as an example, this research identified and quantified the best path for the GBA’s power transition and explored the mode of cooperation during the power transition among the three regions under the interaction of different systems. The results showed that a combination of multiple low-carbon technologies is the best option for the GBA’s deep power transition, which can be characterized by the following components: “gas increase, nuclear increase, coal guarantee, and low proportion of renewable energy”. In this scenario, the GBA can achieve a carbon peak of 167 million tons of CO2 in 2023. Before 2030, the GBA needs to first develop class H gas power, photovoltaic power and nuclear power while phasing out subcritical and below thermal power cogeneration, and subcritical and below coal power. After 2030, a significant increase will be needed in the installed capacity of distributed gas power to replace some class E and F gas power units. Distributed rooftop PV power generation will be the mainstream method of renewable energy generation. Power generation through waste incineration can also provide a prominent contribution to urban biomass power. Under the interaction of different systems, breaking the technical barriers among the three regions would represent a breakthrough for establishing a cooperative power transition. A “one primary system, two auxiliary systems” theoretical framework of cooperation is proposed, and the scope of its application is revealed. This study can provide a case reference for the establishment of a win–win cooperation mechanism for energy transition in different countries.

Local Migration Governance in European Shrinking Areas: a German and an Italian Case

AbstractGovernance represents the dynamics related to a society more densely integrated into flows and not one-dimensional hierarchy relations and embodies a more cooperative mode where state and non-state actors participate in mixed public/private networks. This research explores innovative perspectives in local governance, based on two case studies in rural, shrinking areas in Germany and Italy in quest of revitalisation and the emplacement of asylum seekers and refugees in their territories. Based on empirical situations inherent in the category of “shrinking areas,” the article aims to bring out points of tangency, useful for providing recommendations and future research directions that can relate local territorial realities, united by similar processes, belonging to a larger European scale. Methodologically, this is qualitative research, based on literature and document review, interviews with key actors, group discussion, and observant participation. We conclude that although the German and Italian realities are quite diverse in terms of their shrinking trajectory, the present challenges for the emplacement of migrants are similar, such as housing and employment hardship, and that governance follows diverse parameters: while in Germany, it is more structured and coordinated, with a clear distribution of roles (civil society actors follow the leadership of the political actors), in the Italian case, the leadership is sometimes contested mainly due to political instability at the national level and the consequent effects on the reception system, which is reduced in its operation.

The Nordic Interactive and Comparative Spaces Within the Arena of Education

The paper proposes three educational spaces, an operational space, an interactive space and a comparative space. The focus is on the interactive space in order to shed light on various modes of Nordic educational cooperation, with a brief discussion on the rather unique Nordic comparative space. Based on different data and sources, the paper proposes that within the interactive space, practical, scientific, administrative and policy sub-spaces connect across the Nordic countries. The interactive space is seen as socially constructed, multidimensional, and centring on communication.

Further simulation testing in CoopMAC-U for underwater acoustic sensor networks

In order for underwater wireless sensor networks to communicate more efficiently, MAC protocols are needed to control the use of acoustic channels. With the high propagation delay and the limited bandwidth available on the acoustic channel, a specially designed MAC protocol is needed for UWASN (Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks). In this research, the adaptation of Cooperative MAC for underwater (CoopMAC-U) will be further studied to test the protocol performance. In the previous research, CoopMAC-U was simulated yet the fairness of the transmission was not simulated and tested. In this research, CoopMAC-U will be studied further and improved. The simulation result shows that the Improved CoopMAC-U protocol produces better-normalized throughput than the initial version of CoopMAC-U. The protocol is also proven that it is backward compatible between conventional mode and cooperative mode. For offered load greater than 0.2, both the initial version of CoopMAC-U and the Improved CoopMAC-U result in stagnant normalized throughputs but the improved ones double the value of the initial version.

Model analysis of smart supply chain finance of platform-based enterprises under government supervision.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made it more difficult and expensive for medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to finance. In this context, relying on the network platform, smart supply chain finance effectively solves financing problems for small and SMEs. However, in the development of smart supply chain finance, there are still some problems such as unstable willingness of SMEs to participate in financing, difficulty in determining the optimal development mode of platform-based core enterprises and lack of appropriate regulatory measures. Based on whether the network platform can use its own capitals for lending, this study introduces two smart supply chain financial models (the dominant and cooperation models of platform-based core enterprises) to solve the above problems. In this study, we construct two evolutionary game models: the tripartite model, including government, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs, and the quadrilateral model, including government, financial institutions, platform-based core enterprises, and SMEs. This study presents the evolution and stability strategies of each participant under different modes. In addition, we discuss the willingness of platforms to choose different modes and corresponding government supervision measures. This study offers several important conclusions. (1) Core enterprises that do not have the conditions to build a highly intelligent platform choose the cooperation model; otherwise, they will preferentially choose the dominant mode. (2) Under the dominant mode, the stable development of smart supply chain finance must rely on strict government supervision. (3) By adjusting the scope of tax rates and subsidies, the government can control the trend of mutual transformation of the two modes, so that the dominant mode and the cooperative mode can develop in a balanced way in the market.

Research on Co-opetition Strategy of New Energy Vehicle Companies Based on Stackelberg Game: Taking Tesla and BYD as Examples

With the support policies of various countries, new energy vehicles are developing rapidly. The promising prospect of new energy vehicle market also leads to the competition between oligopolistic companies intensify. Based on Stackelberg game model, this paper analyzes the problem of production and revenue between Tesla and BYD in the state of competition and cooperation. The research results of this paper show that: without considering the difference of entry cost and marginal cost between the two companies, the optimal strategy of both companies is to cooperate in making production decision and suggest the corresponding countermeasures in the cooperation mode. In order to maintain the leading edge of both parties in the industry, Tesla and BYD should combine resources to reduce entry cost and marginal cost, widen the cost gap with late entrants, and reduce competitive pressure. The research in this paper has important practical significance for the future development of new energy vehicles.

Evaluation and analysis of leading position in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle innovation network and the influential factors: a case of patent citations in China.

Hydrogen fuel cell vehicle industry is of great significance for China to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060 and enhance the international competitiveness in the new energy vehicle industry. We propose a framework to evaluate the leading position in the innovation network of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles and analyze the influential factors of the leading position. First, we construct China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle innovation network and its two sub-networks through 3528 patents registered in China and applied by 254 Chinese and foreign innovators. Second, the positions of Chinese and foreign innovators in the network are evaluated. Last, the influential factors of the leading position are tested through regression analysis. The main results show that (1) China has formed a hub-and-spoke mode of innovation cluster in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle innovation network, but the inter-provincial innovation cooperation has not been formed in the industrial chain. (2) Universities and research institutes are important innovators in China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle innovation network. Firms obtain knowledge through collaboration with them, which form an industry-university-research cooperation mode. (3) The number of Chinese leaders in hydrogen fuel cell vehicle network is increasing. Foreign innovators occupy the leading position in fuel cell sub-network, while Chinese innovators are the leaders in hydrogen infrastructure sub-network. (4) The leading position of Chinese innovators in hydrogen infrastructure sub-network is promoted by the patent applications of the universities, the development of equipment manufacturing, the government subsidies, and the competition of electric vehicles, while they are hindered by the scale of traditional automobile industry.

The Crossover Cooperation Mode and Mechanism of Green Innovation between Manufacturing and Internet Enterprises in Digital Economy

Under the background of the digital economy, manufacturing seeks to improve green manufacturing and the level of greenness of products through digital empowerment. However, there exists a certain degree of technical difficulty and cost pressures for independent transformation to enhance green innovation performance through digitalization. How to conduct crossover cooperation with Internet enterprises needs to be explored. Taking automobile manufacturing enterprises as the case background, this paper constructs an evolutionary game model of green innovation crossover cooperation between traditional automobile manufacturing and Internet enterprises in the context of carbon credit policy. From the perspective of the extra effort cost of manufacturing enterprises and the excess income of Internet enterprises, this paper analyzes the mode selection strategy of green innovation crossover cooperation between the two types of subjects, and also analyzes the crossover cooperation mechanism of green innovation from three aspects: income distribution mechanism, carbon credit trading mechanism, and R&D subsidy mechanism. The results show that (1) Reducing the cost of digital green innovation transformation in manufacturing and the excess returns obtained under the free-riding behavior of Internet enterprises will help promote in-depth cooperation among crossover entities. (2) The benefit distribution dominated by manufacturing enterprises is helpful to evolve toward the direction of the alliance cooperative innovation mode and improve the benefits of green innovation cooperation. (3) Under the government’s single weak intervention management mechanism, optimizing carbon credit accounting and assessment standards can effectively guide manufacturers and Internet companies to conduct alliance green innovation cooperation, but they still need to be matched with appropriate R&D subsidies to form a compound strong intervention guidance mechanism to obtain higher social and ecological benefits.

On-Board Decentralized Observation Planning for LEO Satellite Constellations

The multi-satellite on-board observation planning (MSOOP) is a variant of the multi-agent task allocation problem (MATAP). MSOOP is used to complete the observation task allocation in a fully cooperative mode to maximize the profits of the whole system. In this paper, MSOOP for LEO satellite constellations is investigated, and the decentralized algorithm is exploited for solving it. The problem description of MSOOP for LEO satellite constellations is detailed. The coupled constraints make MSOOP more complex than other task allocation problems. The improved Consensus-Based Bundle Algorithm (ICBBA), which includes a bundle construction phase and consensus check phase, is proposed. A constraint check and a mask recovery are introduced into bundle construction and consensus check to handle the coupled constraints. The fitness function is adjusted to adapt to the characteristics of different scenes. Experimental results on series instances demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Optimization of energy management strategy for extended range electric vehicles using multi-island genetic algorithm

This study aims to improve the fuel economy of extended range electric vehicles (EREVs) and reduce the cumulative battery workload. Energy management strategy (EMS) of EREVs has a significant impact on improving the energy efficiency, prolonging the service life of batteries, and reducing the fuel consumption. To the best knowledge of the authors, most of existing studies are aimed at optimizing fuel economy, but few researches have taken the service life of the battery into account while improving fuel economy. Our study reflects the power fluctuation range of the battery from the perspective of the battery current, and also further analyzes it from the perspective of the battery energy flow. On the premise of meeting the vehicle power requirement, matrix calculation studies are carried out on the transmission ratio and the key parameters of EMS in the cooperative operation mode of hybrid energy storage system (HESS) based on regular EMS and auxiliary power unit (APU) based on equivalent fuel consumption minimum strategy (ECMS). Via Simulink software, the corresponding vehicle EMS model is developed, and the joint simulation platform of AVL Cruise and Simulink is constructed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMS. In order to further tap the energy-saving potential of the proposed strategy based on HESS, the multi-island genetic algorithm is adopted. Under WLTP working condition, the global optimization is conducted with the objectives of minimizing the equivalent fuel consumption and the cumulative ampere-hour through the battery when the vehicle adopts HESS and APU & ECMS operate in concert operation mode. The correlation analysis of the optimization variables is performed. The results show that the fuel economy of the optimized operation mode under WLTP condition is increased by 4.49 %, and the cumulative ampere-hour through the battery is reduced by 11.37 %.