Cooperative Marketing Research Articles

How does proximity affect interfirm marketing cooperation? A study of an agribusiness cluster

This study examines marketing cooperation between firms co-localized in an agribusiness cluster, using the proximity perspective developed in economic geography. After a review of the relevant literature, we develop a scale to measure both interfirm marketing cooperation and different dimensions of proximity (cognitive, geographical, institutional, organizational and social), and test the interrelationships among these elements within the context of Chile, an emerging economy. The findings support the conclusion that interfirm marketing cooperation in the chosen agribusiness cluster is mainly dependent on social proximity. Moreover, contrary to what is found in the literature on other types of cooperation, geographical proximity is not particularly relevant.

A Study on the Assessment and Policy Suggestions for TV home shopping for Small and Medium Businesses

It has been two years since commercial TV home shopping channels were established in order to solve the problems of small and medium business and broaden its market. At this point, we have to assess whether this new entry coincides with the original purpose of the TV home shopping for the small and medium businesses. TV home shopping channels for small and medium businesses were established to provide the stable management environment. The fundamental purpose of this channels was to provide the small and medium businesses the broadcasting opportunities with moderate cost and fair bargaining condition. However, professionals point out that these small and medium business home shopping channels are not much different from other common channels’ expensive cost or bad bargaining practices while other negative elements also exist. Specifically, professionals compliment the broadened TV home shopping markets and its sales increase. And they stay neutral for whether the new entries could decrease the broadcasting cost, whether channel and small and medium business’s master and servant relationship improved, or whether the bad bargaining practices were reformed. They criticize the increase of SO cost due to the new entry and pessimize the Home&Shopping’s ownership structure. Based on this assessment, this paper suggests the ways of social efforts to establish the fair trade and the cooperative distribution market system by abolishing the entry barrier of TV home shopping market.

Effects of a gamified learning environment on learning experiences: A case study on a general English course using relative evaluation policy

This study investigated the effects of a gamified evaluation policy replacing the “Participation” grading component, which subjectively measured students` preparation, cooperation, and volunteering of answers. Rooted in the principle of Game-based learning, gamification proves its synergic effects of cooperation and competition in global marketing. Educators also document its potential to improve learning outcomes although its technical aspects outweigh its principles. Utilizing online discussion boards and learning status statistics built in an LMS of a general English course, the study adapted gamification to a relative gradingpolicy. Gamified learning environments were designed to assist students in writing an essay and running adiscussion thread, with guaranteed bonus points up to 15% of the final grade. Quantitative analysis revealed satisfaction with the course and grading policy was higher in the intervention; in the control group including“Participation” and in the intervention group, similarities were observed in formal evaluation components including “Exams.” Qualitative analysis on the posts showed gamification improved participants` communicative skills and ability to facilitate online discussions, improvements that were absent in the control group. Well-grounded gamification manifests effective in engaging students with an enjoyable gaming experience. The study discusses extending gamification to education, enhancing the learning progress through constructive competition.

KAJIAN PENGEMBANGAN PANGAN LOKAL BERBASIS PENGOLAHAN HASIL PERIKANAN DI KABUPATEN PELALAWAN RIAU

The research aims to develop a local food-based products in the fishprocessing of Pelalawan regency, where was knowing with the sources ofavailability of raw materials, processing centers know that can be developed,identify and characterize the product, and strategy development. This studied wasconducted with survey method, PRA analysis and SWOT analysis. Local foodprocessing activities fisheries sector as a whole has the potential to be developedmainly on the type of product smoked fish, dried shrimp and lomek dried product.That products become the flagship product was a type of smoked fish (selais,baung, and catfish) with centers of raw materials and refined products in theregion in Langgam. The main problem was that the technology which applied inthe processing of simple, raw material availability and limited productivity. Somestrategies can be applied in the development of improved productivity and qualityof fishery products, cooperation and partnership in marketing and capital,streamline the use of fishery production facilities and infrastructure, improvingtechnical quality and motivation of human resources (fish processing) to improvethe competitiveness of fishery products . Keywords : local, food-based, fish processing

Measuring Benefits from a Marketing Cooperative in the Copper River Fishery

The degradation of product quality is one form of rent dissipation resulting from incomplete property rights in fisheries. Industry structure and information asymmetries can also lead to underinvestment in product quality, even when property rights are well defined. In this article we empirically examine whether the voluntary formation of a marketing cooperative was able to mitigate market failures that led to the production of inferior‐quality fish. Specifically, we use a difference‐in‐differences estimation strategy to measure the impact that the Copper River Fishermen's Cooperative, an Alaskan salmon marketing cooperative, had on ex‐vessel salmon prices and salmon quality measures. We find that the cooperative was able to improve product quality, as well as attract and sustain a higher price for its salmon. Our findings provide empirical support for many of the key tenets of cooperative theory. Specifically, we find evidence that marketing cooperatives can address existing market failures, that marketing cooperatives can have advantages in high‐quality product markets, and that over time, as a result of their success, marketing cooperatives may lead to lasting producer benefits even though they become obsolete due to nonmember free‐riding.

베트남 농산물 유통시스템 현황과 발전 전략

Agricultural marketing in Vietnam is not well developed in many aspects. Because of the small farming scale, it is difficult to apply mechanization and technological progresses. Standardization of quality and packaging of agricultural products is poor, and processing industries are not well developed. Rural infrastructure for agricultural marketing, such as roads, warehouses, ports, and retail-markets, is in poor condition. Market information for farmers is limited and market monitoring system which controls behaviors of traders is poorly developed. Quality control of agricultural products, foodstuff hygiene, and safety guarantee in the market are underprepared. In urban areas, wholesale markets are congested and not modernized, and agricultural products are not traded in a transparent manner. Considering Vietnam’s situations and reflecting upon Korean experiences, it is suggested for the Vietnamese government to adopt the following policy programs: modernization of wholesale markets in large urban areas, construction of marketing facilities in rural areas, provision of grading, standardization, and safety inspection, and market information services, enactment of basic law in agricultural marketing, and nurturing marketing cooperatives.

Member deliveries in collective marketing relationships: evidence from coffee cooperatives in Costa Rica

This article investigates member deliveries in agricultural marketing cooperatives. Since cooperatives depend on members’ contributions to achieve efficiency in processing and marketing, side-selling by members poses a threat to the economic viability of cooperatives in the long run. We develop a model for the farmers’ marketing decision that relates farm size to the share of produce delivered to the cooperative. Based on survey data from cooperatively organised coffee farmers in Costa Rica, we find that the share delivered to cooperatives decreases with farm size, albeit at a decreasing rate. The empirical results thus confirm the theoretical model prediction of a u-shaped relationship between farm size and member deliveries.

Financial Condition and Product Market Cooperation

We provide evidence that existing studies relating financial condition to product market cooperation produce mixed results because of unique features of the industries examined. In particular, all evidence suggesting that poor financial condition decreases cooperation comes from the airline industry during periods of high idle capacity. Using a unique data set of aggregate airfare hikes and a more recent low-idle-capacity period, we find that poor financial condition is positively associated with product market cooperation. Although financially weak airlines appear to value the immediate cash flows of increased cooperation, only liquidity-constrained firms seem willing to incur the cost of cooperative attempts.

Agritourism at the Rural-Urban Interface: A National Overview of Legal Issues with 20 Proposals for Idaho

“Agriculture” is facing a challenging moment of definition as an increasingly urbanized population seeks more ways to engage authentically with rural places and small- and mid-sized farms increasingly need non-farm income to survive. At the confluence of these trends is the rise of “agritourism,” a broad term that encompasses a wide variety of activities redefining the rural landscape, and in particular, the landscape of rural places at the edge of urban development. This report of the University of Idaho Economic Development Clinic investigates these trends. Key action items from the report are presented in the executive summary as 20 proposals for growing agritourism in Idaho, which would also apply to most other states. Section III of the report investigates the breadth of what agritourism entails. This section does so by reviewing 17 definitions of agritourism from the social sciences.Section IV provides local governments four model agritourism ordinances to review in considering how to draft their own agritourism ordinances. The text of the report reviews ordinances from Weber County, Utah; Tehama County, California; Lawrence County, South Dakota; and Thurston County, Washington. In addition, the text of these ordinances, as well as additional materials related to agritourism ordinance administration and enforcement from these counties is included in an appendix.Section V reviews the case for agritourism at the rural-urban interface. This section does so by reviewing the status of American rural economies; why small- and mid-sized farms need additional non-farm revenue to survive; how agritourism activities can lead to farmer retention; and how the food movement is helping to drive the growing agritourism movement.Section VI provides a detailed review of key legal issues arising in agritourism. First, this section investigates how ambiguity in definitions of “agriculture” in federal statutes, Idaho statutes, and Idaho county codes cause uncertainty — and potentially litigation traps — for agritourism operators. In addition, this section is supplemented by another appendix, which provides the text of all Idaho county code definitions of “agriculture” that the Clinic’s research could obtain. Second, this section conducts a review of state statutes addressing agritourism and highlights their salient features, which typically include a limited liability provision and, in some cases, much more. Third, this section reviews right to farm acts nationally and whether they apply — or should apply — to agritourism. Fourth, this section investigates how local governments can zone agricultural areas to encourage agritourism uses. Fifth, this section reviews how building codes can be an impediment to agricultural uses converting to agritourism uses, and seeks to offer several potential solutions. Section VII then turns to legal frameworks for marketing agritourism. First, this section reviews federal funding options arising from the Agricultural Act of 2014. Second, this section reviews state-operated funds that are used to market agritourism. Third, this section reviews agricultural promotion districts, a statutorily-enabled entity similar to an urban business improvement district, used by Texas to permit local farmers to assess themselves a fee in order to promote their agricultural and agritourism products. Fourth, this section reviews whether Idaho’s agricultural marketing cooperatives apply to agritourism uses. Section VIII reviews legal challenges to providing agritourism signage on state and federal highways and provides examples of how to overcome such challenges.Section IX provides a review of current trends in agritourism and “food freedom” legislation.Section X provides concluding remarks.

Nonprofit-Business Partnering Dynamics in the Energy Efficiency Field

What explains differentiation in a nonprofit’s organizational practices around partnering with businesses? I propose that attendance at events plays a role. To explore this, I identify a network of energy and environmental nonprofit organizations and the events that brought them together to influence appliance energy efficiency from 1994 to 2006. Using network analysis to identify cohesive subgroups, I find that over time, organizations become more likely to choose one type of event over another suggesting niche development occurred in the field. I also find that, controlling for previous efforts with businesses, funding, and mission, organizations that belonged to a cohesive subgroup of organizations brought together by an annual event promoting cooperative market approaches from 2001 to 2006 were five times more likely than those nonprofits in other subgroups to partner with business. This research has implications for understanding the creation of new events and its impact on organizational practices.

International Exploitation of Domestic R&D Exploration: New Insights from Russian Manufacturing Firms

In this paper, we approach R&D cooperation and international market expansion from an exploration-exploitation perspective and look how various domestic R&D partners affect international market expansion activities in Russian firms. Our findings, based on a data survey of 206 manufacturing companies, show that different partners affect differently when it comes to market expansion and that their effect depends on a number of things such as the proximity of the international market. Using the exploration-exploitation approach, we are able to explain the phenomenon in more detail and so contribute to the existing international business and innovation management literature.

Site Selection of Local Marketing Cooperatives of Agricultural Crops in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran

Undoubtedly one of the necessities of today's world is the competition with other countries to achieve a balanced position, yet superior in many aspects of economic, social, political and cultural aspects. Based on the statistics, 31.54 percent of the Iran total population lives in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of their income. One of the major problems of agricultural economy in Iran refers to many brokers and intermediaries in the transfer of goods from the producer to the consumer. This reduces the producer's share of the proceeds from the sale of products. Agricultural marketing cooperatives are very important tools to decrease this gap. So in this research have been tried to know and recognize the best places in creating Local Marketing Cooperatives of Agricultural Crops in West Azerbaijan Province, Iran.in this regard, 18 place information layers have been used and finally the best places were known.

Strategic Cross-Exposures and Product Market Cooperation

Firms often wish to cooperate in the product-market. However, direct cooperation is often illegal because such direct cooperation can facilitate price-fixing and reduce consumers’ welfare. Subsequently, we develop a general framework to analyze how “cross-exposures” in each others’ equity can act as effective mechanism to ensure implicit co-operation in the product market among competing firms. Such a “cross-exposure” can be achieved either by directly short-selling the rival’s equity, by buying or writing options, and/or by creating a portfolio of financial assets with the desired negative or positive correlation with the rival’s equity. The presence of cross-exposures, or the credible threat to undertake them, is sufficient to enforce product market collusive behavior among competing firms in situations otherwise characterized by noncooperative behavior. These findings provide new insights into how firms use strategic equity exposure to facilitate product market cooperation. JEL Classification Codes: C72, D43, L13, L21

Marketing Channels and Post Harvest Practices of Onion: A Case of Bogra and Joypurhat District in Bangladesh

The study was undertaken to analyze the marketing system and post harvest practices of onion both at farmers and trades level. Four marketing channels were identified in onion marketing. The study indicated that longer marketing channel gave lesser share to farmer than shorter channel. The study indicated that shorter channel showed less marketing loss and longer channel it was high. High price gap was found between farmers and consumers level. The intermediaries sorted decayed and removed the outer loose shell of onion before marketing. Proper scientific method for post-harvest practices and co-operative market & market monitoring facility should be introduced by government.

Cooperative marketing societies and its challenges for sustainable Economic Development in Lagos, Nigeria

The paper notes the transformation of cooperative marketing societies, and the shortcomings inherent in the cooperative marketing operations, management which dampen their achievement and potentials to achieve sustainable economic development in Nigeria. The paper therefore, advocates for cooperative marketing and establishment of a cooperative Board/Agency, improved returns on shares, democratic and transparent leadership for cooperative societies to be able to impact significantly on the society for sustainable economic growth and development in Nigeria. Although cooperative societies in Nigeria have impacted significantly on encouraging commercial activities, savings mobilization, communal development and contributing generally to economic growth, they fill the gap created by the absence of marketing and inadequate capital or funds from the surplus-economic-units and urban areas. Keyword: cooperative, marketing, economic, and development.

Marketing and Logistics Cooperation Problems in Latvian Companies

The given article analyses the discrepancies in the tasks of marketing and logistics and cooperation problems between these two areas within a company, as well as defines the role of these disciplines in the common system of business management. The authors point out the necessity of effective cooperation of marketing and logistic resulting in efficiency growth of the company and in improvement of competitiveness by means of collaboration synergy. Authors propose the results of the inquiry carried out in Latvian companies, revealing the most popular models of integration of marketing and logistics within the company and main cooperation problems between the departments of marketing and logistics. Authors reveal the reasons of competitive weakness of the companies caused by the insufficient evaluation of the fundamental necessity to integrate marketing and logistics as well as by the ignorance of the company management regarding the maintenance of effective cooperation between the departments of marketing and logistics departments, decreasing the competitiveness of Latvian companies.

A study into marketing-cum-processing co-operative societies in Punjab with special reference to Mullanpur society

The cooperative movement in India was started by far-sighted colonial officials and later became an instrument of the development state in the post-Independence era. To eliminate the middlemen from the marketing activities and provide better price for agricultural producers the cooperative marketing societies were established with the enactment of Cooperative Act, 1912. Cooperative marketing societies are organized by the farmers themselves and the profits are distributed among the members based on the quantity of the produce marketed by them. This study reviews performance of co-operative marketing societies in Punjab. The study was based on secondary as well as primary data. The case study was carried out for The Mullanpur Cooperative Marketing-cum-Processing Society Limited, Mullanpur. The reference period for the case study was taken from 2002–03 to 2012–13 according to the availability of the data. The empirical results show that number of societies and members are declining in this sector with positive and satisfactory performance of cooperative societies over the last two decades in Punjab.

Using a Sport Event within Coordinated Destination Marketing: A Case History of the New Mexico Bowl

Sports events are important tools in the marketing of destinations. Events attract outsiders who provide economic impact. They also attract media attention that allows for a place to be seen in a favorable light as well as help position a city as a tourist destination for the event and in the succeeding years. The purpose of this case study is to provide information and examples of cooperative marketing efforts by various destination marketing stakeholders within a community, based upon the development of an American college football bowl game. Included will be a brief discussion of the creation of the game as a place marketing tool, development of outside activities that are designed to add to the value perceived by visitors, and techniques used to encourage involvement by the various stakeholders in the local hospitality industry. 1 Barnes and Ballou: Case Study: New Mexico Bowl Published by Digital Commons @ Kent State University Libraries, 2014 Barnes & Ballou 103 Teaching Notes Theoretical Areas and Applicable Courses The theoretical areas that coincide with this case study are related to place marketing. Place marketing, or place branding is ever-increasing in importance as competition between cities luring event producers has never been higher. With that, Destination Marketing Organizations are using sports events as a way to appeal and attract out-of-town travelers. The term, ‘place’ may refer to a mechanism of distribution and also a physical location, such as a destination city or region (Schneider & Bradish, 2006). As such, place marketing may be considered advertising and promotions that creates a positive place image, develops attractions for tourists, and improves infrastructure and quality of life within a community (Malecki, 2004). More specifically, if we are marketing a place as a tourist destination, place marketing and destination marketing are interchangeable terms and the strategies used to attract visitors are the same. This case study is applicable to several departments on a campus. It would be beneficial to sports administration, hospitality management, and marketing programs campus-wide. Specific to sports administration, it would be part of curriculum in sports marketing courses, especially when dealing with destination marketing brand image, and how that image is used to attract visitors and worldwide media exposure through broadcast events. It would also fit well in a sports finance course and should be introduced in topical areas such as economic impact, public vs. private sector spending, using facilities to attract new customers, and the role a short-term event can play in increasing direct spending, and where those dollars are being spent. The New Mexico Bowl case study could also be used in an event management class in facilitation discussions, and how representatives from several different local organizations came together to produce this game from the start. Dialogue pertaining to getting buy-in from the city, state, university, local media, local ticket-buying audience should be represented and role playing 2 The Journal of SPORT, Vol. 3 [2014], Iss. 1, Art. 5 http://digitalcommons.kent.edu/sport/vol3/iss1/5 Case Study: New Mexico Bowl 104 exercises could be done using this case study going back to when the game was just an idea and taking into account all the different attitudes that had to be brought together, discussed, and accepted before the decision was rendered on whether to move forward with

Garlic Trading - A Potential Agribusiness Venture in India

Specialized commodity trading is gaining momentum in many parts of this nation. One such specialized trading is Garlic Trading. In respect of Garlic markets, India is having 21 important organized assembling wholesale markets. Among these organized wholesale markets, large number of private and unorganized markets is functioning in all the major garlic producing states. These markets handle a significant quantum of garlic bulbs and acts as a wholesale market in those regions and are becoming price takers. One such market is functioning over a long period of time in Tamil Nadu is the Vadugapatti Garlic wholesale Market of Theni District and the other one is Mettupalayam market wherein the Nilgiris Cooperative Marketing Society, Mettupalayam is one of the institution facilitates garlic marketing and supplies to Vadugapatti. Besides, Madhya Pradesh, Utter Pradesh and Rajasthan are the states supplying Garlic to Vadugapatti Wholesale Market of Tamil Nadu. Selected members of Vadugapatti Garlic Merchants Association have been interviewed following the Case Study Approach to study the garlic marketing practices prevalent among the sample farms. The study focused on the marketing channels prevalent in Garlic trading, price spread and marketing efficiency and the status of export of garlic to different countries from India. These are also presented and discussed in detail.

A Study on Problems and Prospects of Rural Co-Operative Marketing

A Study on Problems and Prospects of Rural Co-Operative Marketing