Cooperative Effort Research Articles

Surveillance and Five Eyes: Changing Dimensions of India’s Cyber Security

Cyber security becomes more challenging in the interconnected global environment when digital borders surpass physical boundaries. This study closely looks into the dynamic interactions that exist between the Five Eyes Alliance’s widespread surveillance tactics and India’s cyber security resilience. Amid this complex web of international data protection dynamics, the tactics used by India provide insights into the difficulties faced and the creative solutions advancing the country’s digital defence. A thorough understanding of India’s response to the evolving threats posed by the cooperative intelligence efforts of Five Eyes’ alliance is shedding light on the multifaceted dimensions of the country’s cyber security posture as it navigates this challenging terrain. This investigation adds significant information to the larger conversation on global cyber security by highlighting the necessity of flexible tactics and creative solutions for protecting digital assets, both globally and domestically in India.

Constructing Chinese Firms as Development Catalysts: State-Firm Public Diplomacy Collaboration in Kenya

ABSTRACT The debate surrounding China’s public diplomacy in Africa highlights how the state coordinates and leverages Chinese actors, including firms, to advance diplomatic objectives. However, this article questions the notion of unidirectional state dominance by exploring the intricate interactions between the Chinese state and firms around promoting and publicizing corporate social responsibility (CSR), which is conceptualized as a public diplomacy tool of corporations to engage with the foreign public. Using the lens of public diplomacy, the author examines the unconventional state-firm interplay in the symbolic domain, shedding light on practices of China’s expansion in Africa. Through two empirical cases, the author demonstrates the interdependence and collaboration between the Chinese state and firms, revealing their divided interests and contested cooperative efforts to enact public diplomacy in Kenya.

Toward Spectrum Coexistence: First Demonstration of the Effectiveness of Boresight Avoidance between the NRAO Green Bank Telescope and Starlink Satellites

Abstract NRAO and SpaceX have been engaged in coordinated testing efforts since Fall 2021, including conducting experiments on different interference avoidance schemes for the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array in New Mexico, and the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) inside the National Radio Quiet Zone in West Virginia. The Starlink system is capable of avoiding direct illumination of telescope sites with their adaptive tasking to place downlink beams far away. Nevertheless, even satellites operating in this mode can potentially present strong signals into the telescope’s receiver system if they pass close to the telescope’s main beam at the boresight. For additional protection, Starlink satellites can either momentarily redirect or completely disable their downlink channels while they pass within some minimum angular separation threshold from the telescope’s boresight, methods that are referred to as “telescope boresight avoidance.” In two separate experiments conducted since Fall 2023, NRAO and SpaceX arranged to have the GBT observe a fixed R.A./decl. position in the sky, chosen to have a large number of close-to-boresight Starlink passages. Preliminary analysis from these two experiments illustrates the feasibility of these avoidance methods to significantly reduce, if not eliminate, the negative impact of close-to-boresight satellite passages. Importantly, these experiments demonstrate the value of continuing cooperative efforts between NRAO and SpaceX, and expanding cooperation between the radio astronomy and satellite communities more generally.

Green Economics in Global Perspective based on Bibliometric Review

This study presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of green economics literature from 1967 to 2024, highlighting thematic clusters, research trends, potential research topics, and author collaborations. The analysis identifies key themes such as green innovation, energy, economic activities, green investment, and policy frameworks, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of the field. Temporal trends reveal a progression from foundational economic activities to a focus on green innovation and integrated policy initiatives. Potential research areas include financial instruments like green bonds, regulatory frameworks, and the economic benefits of sustainable practices. The author collaboration network shows significant cooperative efforts, with tightly-knit clusters of researchers driving advancements in green economics. This interdisciplinary and collaborative nature suggests that future research will benefit from continued partnerships and integrated approaches to sustainability.

DYNAMIC CAPABILITIES AS A SUCCESS-FACTOR OF THE LONG-TERM BUSINESS ALLIANCE: THE CASE OF SIEMENS AND ATOS

Strategic alliances offer numerous benefits, including access to new markets, shared resources, and enhanced capabilities, which collectively contribute to a firm’s competitive edge. However, maintaining these partnerships over time remains a challenge due to the dynamic nature of collaborative relationships. The article is devoted to the analysis of dynamic capabilities of partnership and its role in the long-term development of the business alliance between Siemens and Atos. The specificity of dynamic capabilities is identified, namely the characteristics of "sensing," "seizing," and "reconfiguring" capabilities at the stages of partnership development between Siemens and Atos. Three stages of development of dynamic capabilities of the business alliance between Siemens and Atos are defined: the founding stage (2011-2014), the expansion stage (2015-2020), and the current stage (2021-2025). The founding stage involved mutual investments and the adoption of performance programs to enhance operational efficiency. The expansion stage saw the alliance focusing on Industry 4.0, cybersecurity, and digital strategy, with increased funding and expanded scope. The current stage emphasizes sustainability and advanced technologies like quantum computing and blockchain, along with joint initiatives and participation in research programs. It is found that over the decade of collaboration, the alliance has demonstrated the ability to adapt and evolve according to market and technological changes, based on the abilities of both partners to identify new opportunities, analyze market trends, and accordingly transform the alliance's business model. Thus continuous adaptation, investment in dynamic capabilities, and cooperative efforts with external partners are vital for maintaining mutually beneficial partnerships. The Siemens-Atos alliance serves as a case study illustrating how these capabilities can be effectively leveraged to achieve sustained success in a dynamic business environment.

The Jawi Wetan Christian Church in the Muslim community: SDGs perspective

This article examines the existence of the Jawi Wetan Mojokerto Christian Church in the Muslim community, not only the existence of its buildings and community, but its interaction and collaboration with the Muslim community in social activities which generally focus on the areas that are the main objectives of the Sustainable Development Goals. The religious life that is built is not just about tolerance, but spaces for harmony in social and humanitarian aspects have been created. Through qualitative research with descriptive presentation, case study analysis was used to reveal the social, economic and environmental impacts of this collaboration. The research object is GKJW Mojokerto, located in Sentanan Village, Kranggan District, Mojokerto City, which is less than 20 meters from the AL Muaishym Mosque. The four research sources are Koster GKJW Mojokerto, Chairman of the Mosque Takmir, a historian, former Bible teacher at GKJW Mojokerto, and the Sentantan Neighborhood RT Management. The concept and perspective of Sustainable Development Goals is the author's main focus in conducting the analysis. These findings lead to the conclusion that interfaith cooperation between Christians and Muslims is important in achieving the SDGs in Indonesia. Effective dialogue and collaboration in responding to crucial issues such as the environment, human rights and economic development. It is important to strengthen interfaith dialogue and cooperation efforts and establish sustainable dialogue forums to support the achievement of SDGs targets.

Foreign Policy of Germany towards Kazakhstan

After the collapse of the Soviet Union, a large number of newly formed states appeared on the geopolitical map of the world, some of which are located in Central Asia. As one of the largest and most influential countries in Europe, Germany sought to establish strong economic, political and cultural ties with these countries. The author pays attention to the stages of development of bilateral relations from the early 90s to the present.Aim. The aim of this study is to identify key aspects of German foreign policy in the region, focusing on relations with Kazakhstan.Tasks. Study the main stages of the development of diplomatic relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Identify the current state of relations between Germany and Kazakhstan. Explore possible expansion of economic ties and prospects for future cooperation. Show the importance of studying the foreign policy of Germany in relation to Kazakhstan for the Russian Federation.Methods. The research methodology is based on historical analysis, which helped to identify the stages of development of international relations between the two states. The comparative analysis defines the differences in the foreign policy line of Germany towards Kazakhstan at different stages. Regular summit meetings were the objects of event analysis.Results. By examining historical context, economic partnerships, and geopolitical considerations, it is possible to investigate the dynamics shaping German engagement in Central Asia.Conclusions. The genesis of the development of interstate relations was the collapse of the USSR, which served to form sovereign states in the post-Soviet space. The development of bilateral relations is characterized by several stages: some of them were characterized by stagnation, others, by an increase in the attention of Germany to Kazakhstan. The beginning of 2022 served to intensify Germany’s foreign policy in the region. At the present stage, Germany uses a multi-pronged approach that includes diplomatic, economic, cultural and educational components. Germany’s foreign policy in the region is aimed at protecting its national interests. Secondly, the partnership with Kazakhstan is a symbol of Germany’s shared foreign policy goals, emphasizing the importance of cooperation, dialogue and joint development efforts in the heart of Eurasia.

Cooperation Between Indonesia And Taiwan In Supporting The Protection Of Runaway Indonesian Migrant Workers In Taiwan

Indonesia's relations with Taiwan cannot be separated from problems and issues related to Indonesian Migrant Workers. Among these issues is the case of Indonesian Migrant Workers who exceeded the period of stay or overstayed in Taiwan. The overstaying status of Indonesian Migrant Workers creates vulnerability to violations of the rights of Indonesian Migrant Workers and even Indonesian Migrant Workers can be treated arbitrarily. So protection is needed so that the rights of Indonesian Migrant Workers are fulfilled. The type of research that the author will use is qualitative descriptive research because it is considered appropriate to research needs. The data sources used by the author in this research are secondary data such as data obtained from documents, photos, research journals, books relevant to research, news and credible internet media as support for primary sources related to regulations. the rights of Indonesian migrant workers abroad. The results of this research show that the protection and cooperation efforts undertaken to protect Indonesian Migrant Workers include institutional improvements through BP2MI, the launch of the SP2T and Embedded SP2T schemes, the renewal of the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between Taiwan and Indonesia regarding the Recruitment, Placement and Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers in December 2018, as well as a self-surrender program for overstayer workers from the Taiwanese authorities.

Integration of Waste Management in Textile Industries of India

The foundation of India's economic growth, the textile sector, has experienced unheard-of growth in recent decades, along with a rise in environmental issues brought on by significant waste generation. This comprehensive study sets out to look into and analyze how waste management techniques are incorporated into the rich history of the Indian textile sector. The study offers a thorough review of current waste management techniques, environmental impact evaluations, and creative solutions influencing the path toward sustainability, bridging the gap between qualitative and quantitative analysis. The introduction sets the context by outlining the mutually beneficial relationship between the expansion of the textile industry and its subsequent environmental load. The clothing industry has gained prominence due to the increase in demand for its products, however, a paradigm shift is required due to the waste generated by this industry. The study aims to perform a thorough analysis of waste management processes, conduct a quantitative assessment of the environmental implications, and investigate comprehensive strategies for sustainable waste management. The chapter on qualitative analysis explores the complex aspects of waste management in the textile industries of India. This section explains the nuances of waste generation at different phases of textile production by carefully examining existing methods, case studies, and industry dynamics. A thorough grasp of the qualitative landscape is revealed, encompassing everything from yarn and fabric waste to the difficulties presented by chemical residues and the disposal of end-of-life textiles. The importance of awareness and corporate responsibility in influencing waste management methods is also highlighted in this section. Case studies of top textile producers present creative approaches and offer insights into the possibilities of technological developments, cooperative efforts, and models of the circular economy. Nonetheless, difficulties ranging from technology constraints to cultural obstacles highlight how difficult it is to smoothly integrate sustainable practices throughout the sector. The chapter on integration strategies looks at potential directions that could change the way waste is managed in the textile industry in India. Models of the circular economy take center stage because they provide a comprehensive approach to production and disposal. Case studies from real-world applications highlight the revolutionary potential of upcycling and sophisticated recycling technology, offering insights into how these strategies could lessen the industry's environmental impact. Co-processing in cement kilns is a two-pronged method that solves waste disposal issues and produces useful resources. The potential for improved trash sorting and identification is demonstrated by the combination of artificial intelligence and data analytics, opening the door to increased process efficiency in waste management. The study's conclusion emphasizes that although the study has been helpful, the search for India's sustainable textile waste management is still an ongoing project. The industry is at a turning point in its evolution, and the factors pushing it in that direction will be sustained research and innovation leading the way toward a time when environmental stewardship and economic prosperity coexist together. Every thread woven into the fabric of the Indian textile industry offers a story of sustainability, adaptability, and responsible International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering and Management (IJSREM) Volume: 08 Issue: 07 | July - 2024 SJIF Rating: 8.448 ISSN: 2582-3930 © 2024, IJSREM | www.ijsrem.com DOI: 10.55041/IJSREM36458 | Page 2 growth; therefore, the success of this journey will depend on the collective duty of industry stakeholders, policymakers, and consumers. Essentially, the goal of this extensive study is to serve as a compass for the Indian textile sector, offering a path forward to a time when environmental conservation and economic growth coexist peacefully.

Common animals: sedentary pastoralism and the emergence of the commons as an institution

Animal husbandry was of fundamental consequence in the planning and development of larger and more permanent communities. Pastoralism is often assumed to be highly mobile when considering social institutions and political formations, despite the diversity of husbandry practices that are either wholly, or largely, tethered to relatively sedentary social aggregations. Key tenets of more settled animal husbandry are intensive social relations between people, and between people, animals, and landscapes. This entails reciprocal, multispecies cooperative efforts to decide how to utilize pastoral resources, choose where to settle, and how to organize settlements with an eye for the animals. Yet, scholars have rarely considered how the logistics and social dynamics of pastoralism shaped the transition to sedentism and, particularly, the development of collective forms of governance in prehistory. In this paper, we re-center pastoralism in narratives of settling down, in order to recognize the critical ways that relations with animals shaped how humans learned to move and dwell in emergent grazing landscapes. We take an institutional approach to the concept of “the commons,” demonstrating the dynamics through 19th-century Irish rundale, then draw on case studies from Southern Scandinavia and the Carpathian Basin to consider the commons as a multispecies institution which resulted in variable sociopolitical formations of the European Bronze Age.

Research on ultrasound-based radiomics: a bibliometric analysis.

A large number of studies related to ultrasound-based radiomics have been published in recent years; however, a systematic bibliometric analysis of this topic has not yet been conducted. In this study, we attempted to identify the hotspots and frontiers in ultrasound-based radiomics through bibliometrics and to systematically characterize the overall framework and characteristics of studies through mapping and visualization. A literature search was carried out in Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database from January 2016 to December 2023 according to a predetermined search formula. Bibliometric analysis and visualization of the results were performed using CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R, and other platforms. Ultimately, 466 eligible papers were included in the study. Publication trend analysis showed that the annual publication trend of journals in ultrasound-based radiomics could be divided into three phases: there were no more than five documents published in this field in any year before 2018, a small yearly increase in the number of annual publications occurred between 2018 and 2022, and a high, stable number of publications appeared after 2022. In the analysis of publication sources, China was found to be the main contributor, with a much higher number of publications than other countries, and was followed by the United States and Italy. Frontiers in Oncology was the journal with the highest number of papers in this field, publishing 60 articles. Among the academic institutions, Fudan University, Sun Yat-sen University, and the Chinese Academy of Sciences ranked as the top three in terms of the number of documents. In the analysis of authors and cocited authors, the author with the most publications was Yuanyuan Wang, who has published 19 articles in 8 years, while Philippe Lambin was the most cited author, with 233 citations. Visualization of the results from the cocitation analysis of the literature revealed a strong centrality of the subject terms papillary thyroid cancer, biological behavior, potential biomarkers, and comparative assessment, which may be the main focal points of research in this subject. Based on the findings of the keyword analysis and cluster analysis, the keywords can be categorized into two major groups: (I) technological innovations that enable the construction of radiomics models such as machine learning and deep learning and (II) applications of predictive models to support clinical decision-making in certain diseases, such as papillary thyroid cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and breast cancer. Ultrasound-based radiomics has received widespread attention in the medical field and has been gradually been applied in clinical research. Radiomics, a relatively late development in medical technology, has made substantial contributions to the diagnosis, prediction, and prognostic evaluation of diseases. Additionally, the coupling of artificial intelligence techniques with ultrasound imaging has yielded a number of promising tools that facilitate clinical decision-making and enable the practice of precision medicine. Finally, the development of ultrasound-based radiomics requires multidisciplinary cooperation and joint efforts from the field biomedicine, information technology, statistics, and clinical medicine.

TÜRKİYE'S ROLE IN WESTERN BALKANS SECURITY COOPERATION

This article seeks to provide a descriptive analysis of Türkiye’s role in security cooperation in the Western Balkans and the criticisms of Türkiye’s position on this cooperation. In order to achieve this, the article identifies active security cooperation mechanisms in the Western Balkans, analyses Türkiye’s activities in these mechanisms and the security dimension of Türkiye’s bilateral relations with the countries in the region. Furthermore, criticisms of Türkiye’s attitude towards regional security cooperation efforts after 2016 have been put forward and these criticisms have been discussed. As a result, it is understood that Türkiye plays an active role in regional security cooperation, contributes to the security cooperation of the region, and has the potential to support the capacity building of Western Balkan countries in specific areas such as counterterrorism.

Exploring the collaborative innovation operational model of government-industry-education synergy: a case study of BYD in China

ABSTRACT This paper investigates the collaborative innovation model employed by BYD Company, which integrates government, industry, and academia. Through a single-case analysis, it evaluates BYD's current innovation landscape and compares the dynamics of its cooperative efforts to elucidate its operational model. Key issues identified within BYD's ecosystem include a reliance on government subsidies, dispersion in industrial layout, and challenges in collaboration between enterprises and industries as well as university partnerships. The study attributes these issues to flaws in subsidy methods, problems with interest integration, and the weak market orientation of research outcomes. To address these challenges, the paper suggests that BYD should refine its subsidy mechanisms, concentrate on pivotal R&D areas, establish innovation alliances, and enhance its patent succession strategies.

The K-pop industry: competitiveness and sustainability

ABSTRACT This study examines the competitiveness of the K-pop industry using the Diamond Model. By implementing creative strategies for talent development and marketing, such as in-house training, global auditions, and the promotion of groups as their own brand, the industry has expanded their fan base on a global scale. The industry’s competitiveness has been further enhanced by the strategic interactions between the major players, which may involve both competitive and cooperative efforts. The utilisation of platform technology has facilitated direct interaction between artists and their fans, resulting in the development of a vibrant fandom culture. Additionally, the demand for K-pop has benefited from the positive externalities generated by other K-Wave (Hallyu) contents. To ensure the industry’s sustainability, this study proposes improvements of corporate governance, the modernisation of the label system to meet timely and diverse demand, and strategic partnership with platform/IT conglomerates to leverage the platform technology effectively.

The Strategies of Air Quality Improvement in Urban Governance: A Case Study of Beijing

In recent years, the economy of China has a rapid development. Meanwhile, there are a few problems exposed that are harmful to human health, especially environmental problems and air pollution in Beijing are concerned by all citizens. Since 2013, under the guidance of national governance policy, the Beijing government has been paying high attention to dealing with air pollution and officially launched air pollution control activities. With the cooperation and joint efforts of government, enterprises and academic institutions, air governance has achieved remarkable results, which reduced the index of air pollutants in terms of PM2.5, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and PM10. This paper will summarize the core countermeasures including the policy effect launched by the government, and the promotion effect of shared transportation modes by enterprises. Based on the measurements taken by government and enterprises, this paper analyzes the effects of different strategies. In addition, the suggestions for air quality control will be presented.

Artificial Intelligence’s Opportunities and Challenges in Engineering Curricular Design: A Combined Review and Focus Group Study

This study explores the opportunities and challenges of integrating artificial intelligence (AI) into engineering education. Through a review of the literature and a qualitative focus group study, an assessment was made for the role of AI in personalizing learning, enhancing simulation engagement, providing real-time feedback, and preparing students for AI-integrated workplaces. The study emphasizes how AI may significantly improve educational experiences by making them more dynamic, interactive, and successful. It also draws attention to important issues, such as moral questions, algorithmic biases in AI, infrastructure constraints, the need for AI literacy training for educators, and a range of student perspectives on AI engineering education. The results support a systematic approach to AI integration, highlighting the necessity of cooperative efforts by educators, legislators, curriculum designers, and technologists in order to overcome these obstacles. The study makes the case that AI can transform engineering education by negotiating these challenges and providing students with the information and skills needed for the digital future, all the while assuring fair and moral access to technology-enhanced learning.

INDONESIA - CHINA BILATERAL COOPERATION TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF HUMAN RESOURCES IN THE MARITIME SECTOR AS AN EFFORT TO ACHIEVE THE WORLD MARITIME AXIS VISION

This study aims to determine the bilateral cooperation efforts that the Indonesian government has carried out to improve the quality of human resources in the country to realize the vision of becoming the world's maritime axis. The Indonesian government recognizes that the country's waters have diverse maritime potential and are essential for world trade routes. If appropriately utilized, Indonesia's territorial waters can become a strategic point for many countries. President Joko Widodo's desire to make Indonesia the world's maritime axis is driven by the realization that Indonesia needs help to achieve this vision because it still has limitations in managing and developing its maritime sector. Therefore, the Indonesian government needs support from other countries, including China, to establish bilateral cooperation. This research is descriptive and uses a qualitative approach. The techniques used in data collection are interviews and data collection from various written sources, such as documents, journals, scientific articles, books, newspapers, reports, and others. The results of this study show that bilateral cooperation carried out by the Indonesian government is bearing fruit because China is also willing to support Indonesia to achieve this vision of the world's maritime axis.

The Strategi Peningkatan Penjaminan Mutu PTKI Pada Direktorat Pendidikan Tinggi Keagamaan Islam Subdit Kelembagaan Dan Kerjasama

The quality of teaching and learning is a primary concern in the global higher education system, including in Indonesia This article highlights the efforts of Islamic religious higher education institutions in ensuring their quality meets established standards Quality assurance in education, as mandated by existing regulations, involves integrated efforts from various parties to enhance the nation's intelligence through education. However, improving the quality of higher education in Indonesia is still a challenge, especially in terms of accreditation results that show most universities are in criteria B and C. This article also discusses strategies and factors that encourage the improvement of higher education quality, focusing on strategies implemented by the Directorate of Islamic Higher Education. The research method uses a qualitative approach with data collection through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of content and descriptive analysis support propositions and ideas in improving the quality of higher education in Indonesia. The strategies discussed include accreditation assistance and training in the preparation of internal quality assurance documents, as well as the importance of developing strategic plans and renop documents together. Effective implementation of the Renop relies on the clarity and accuracy of the Renstra, emphasizing the importance of both being developed on an ongoing basis. Through coordinated cooperation and internal efforts, it is hoped that universities can continue to improve their quality to support the development of quality education in Indonesia.

Misinformation and Disinformation: Unravelling the Web of Deceptive Information

In the current digital era, misinformation and deception spread quickly, posing serious problems for civilizations everywhere. Online platforms and social media networks have become a haven for misinformation, which is defined as the unintended distribution of erroneous or inaccurate information, and disinformation, which is the deliberate spread of misleading information with the intent to deceive. This essay examines the subtle distinctions between misinformation and disinformation, highlighting their crucial roles in influencing public opinion and public debate globally. Examining the effects of misinformation and disinformation on people, groups, and democratic processes, the difficulties brought about by the quick dissemination of erroneous information and the decline in public confidence in traditional media and institutions are highlighted. Furthermore, an analysis is conducted on the legal and regulatory frameworks in India and throughout the world that deal with misinformation and disinformation. The analysis identifies important policies and laws that are meant to stop the spread of lies. The paper concludes with suggestions and solutions for dealing with misinformation and disinformation. It emphasises the value of fact-checking programmes, media literacy education, and cooperative efforts between governments, media outlets, and civil society to protect democratic values and advance information integrity in the digital age.

‘The Discipline of Steel’: Technical Knowledge in the Coordinative Practices of Steelmaking

AbstractThis is a study of the cooperative work of making steel in a contemporary steel plant. The study is, first of all, a study of the coordinative practices of a cooperative ensemble of operators controlling a time-critical transformation process, while spatially dispersed at different work stations across the plant, working under quite different and varying local constraints and requirements, with only rudimentary means of ongoing communication. Their individual and local contributions to the overall effort must be minutely synchronized to meet the strict temporal requirements of the operation as a whole. These challenges notwithstanding, the operators manage to act concertedly to produce quality steel and to do so routinely. The question is, how do they manage to do that? As the workers in the setting generally are not able to coordinate their cooperative effort discursively, it is analytically both feasible and necessary to foreground and identify the knowledge of metallurgy of steel and of the plant that enables them, as they go about their own local activities, to apprehend the problems and intentions of their colleagues as reflected in the changing state of the technical processes. The underlying thesis of the study is that in order to answer the general question of how workers engaged in cooperative work are able to heed the activities of their colleagues, and to do so routinely, we are well advised to ‘take the concept of practice seriously’.