Cooperative Black Hole Attack Research Articles

Using Merkle Tree to Mitigate Cooperative Black-hole Attack in Wireless Mesh Networks

Security is always a major concern and a topic of hot discussion to users of Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs). The open architecture of WMNs makes it very easy for malicious attackers to exploit the loopholes in the routing protocol. Cooperative Black-hole attack is a type of denial-of-service attack that sabotages the routing functions of the network layer in WMNs. In this paper we have focused on improving the security of one of the popular routing protocols among WMNs, Ad-hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol and present a probable solution to this attack using Merkle hash tree.

Advanced Algorithm for Detection and Prevention of Cooperative Black and Gray Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

In this paper, we propose an algorithm to detect a chain of cooperative malicious node in ad-hoc network that disrupts transmission of data by feeding wrong routing information along with the detection algorithm. We also propose a mechanism to detect and remove the black and gray hole attacks. Our technique is based on sending data in terms of equal but small sized blocks instead of sending whole of data in one continuous stream. The flow of message is monitored independently at the neighborhood of both source and destination. The result of monitoring is gathered by a backbone network of trusted nodes. Our algorithm takes O(n) time on average to find the chain of malicious nodes which is better than earlier O(n 2 ) time bound for detecting a single black hole network.

Detection and Prevention of Single and Cooperative Black Hole Attacks in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless computers (nodes) communicating over multi-hop paths, without infrastructures such as base stations and access points. Nodes must cooperate to provide necessary network functionalities. The Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol is a principal routing protocol in MANET, where security can be compromised by a “Black Hole” attack. In this attack, a malicious node claims to have the shortest path to the destination and attracts all traffic and drops all packets sent for forwarding, leading to performance degradation in the network. The situation becomes even more severe when two or more nodes cooperate and perform an attack called the “Cooperative Black Hole” attack. This article proposes a solution based on probing to identify and prevent such attacks. The proposed solution discovers a secure route between the source and destination by identifying and isolating both single and cooperative black holes, making the MANET resistant against such attacks. Simulation results show that the protocol provides better security and performance in terms of detection time, packet delivery ratio and false negative probability in comparison with trust and probe based schemes.

Prevention of Co-operative Black Hole Attack in MANET

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is an autonomous network that consists of mobile nodes that communicate with each other over wireless links. In the absence of a fixed infrastructure, nodes have to cooperate in order to provide the necessary network functionality. One of the principal routing protocols used in Ad hoc networks is AODV (Ad hoc On demand Distance Vector) protocol. The security of the AODV protocol is compromised by a particular type of attack called ‘Black Hole’ attack In this attack a malicious node advertises itself as having the shortest path to the node whose packets it wants to intercept. To reduce the probability it is proposed to wait and check the replies from all the neighboring nodes to find a safe route. Our approach to combat the Black hole attack is to make use of a ‘Fidelity Table’ wherein every participating node will be assigned a fidelity level that acts as a measure of reliability of that node. In case the level of any node drops to 0, it is considered to be a malicious node, termed as a ‘Black hole’ and is eliminated. Computer simulation using GLOMOSIM shows that our protocol provides better security and also better performance in terms of packet delivery than the conventional AODV in the presence of Black holes with minimal additional delay and Overhead.