Cooperative Agency Research Articles

Pembuatan Batik Alam Berbahan Tumbuhan Sekitar Rumah

Batik is one of Indonesia's cultural arts, which has been integrated with Indonesian people since several centuries ago. However, so far, the batik produced still uses synthetic motifs and coloring, which can contribute to environmental pollution. Hence, people's interest in batik starts to diminish, so it is necessary to find breakthroughs in batik motifs and coloring, which are more environmentally friendly by using natural dyes. One of the natural dyes for batik is to use plant leaves that grow around the house, also called eco print, which is the activity of making leaves with specific patterns on a t-shirt, which produces motifs and colors obtained from the leaves. The target partners involved in community service activities are women's business groups in Palangka Raya, which are under the auspices of the Palangka Raya City Cooperative, Small and Medium Enterprises Agency, namely UKM Bawi Dayak Palangka Raya. This is because the batik produced so far still uses synthetic motifs and coloring. Assistance carried out for this group is to provide insight into knowledge and understanding of the importance of natural coloring and the danger of synthetic dyes. Build and encourage creativity informing design motifs and colors on fabric through the use of leaves that grow around the house. Outcome targets are t-shirt products that use leaves as motifs and natural dyes�introducing natural batik with the use of natural resources around.

Application research on fiber-optic current sensor in large pulse current measurement

Rogowski coil is usually used to measure pulse current in directed energy weapon experiments, which is lack of direct and low-frequency components in current measurement, and influenced by interferences like outside electromagnetic field and mechanical vibration. To acquire pulse current data with higher accuracy, a new kind fiber-optic current sensor is proposed to achieve large pulse current measurement, and working principle of the sensor is introduced in this paper. A fiber-optic current sensor is fabricated by cooperative agency, which has measuring range from 0 to 200kA and precision better than 1%. Comparison experiment between the fiber-optic current sensor and Rogowski coil made by PEM from England is tested. The experiment results show that main components of pulse current waves measured by two sensors are similar. Current wave measured by fiber-optic current sensor gets less noise signal than Rogowski coil, and has more details with small current. The fiber-optic current sensor could achieve direct and low-frequency component current measurement, but its max response frequency is 500 kHz. According to the research results, compared to Rogowski coil in pulse current measurement application, the new kind fiber-optic current sensor has better character in direct and low-frequency component current measurement, strong anti-interference ability, high sensitivity and ability to acquire current measurement data with higher accuracy. This sensor would satisfy measurement demands of large pulse current measurement in directed energy weapon better, if it gets better frequency response ability.

Analisis Peran Pemuda dalam Pengembangan Koperasi di Kota Kisaran

The objective of the research was to find out the development of cooperatives in Kisaran. The population was all youngsters who lived in Kisaran. The samples were 96 managers of cooperatives that were not youth and dwelled in two subdistricts: Kisaran Barat Subdistrict and Kisaran Timur Subdistrict according to Franck Lynch formula. The data were analyzed by using descriptive percentage analysis in order to find out the role of youth in the development of cooperatives in Kisaran and Shift Share method in order to find out the role of cooperatives in the development of Kisaran. The primary data were gathered by using questionnaires and secondary data were obtained from the related agencies such as the Cooperative, Industry, and Commerce Agency of Kisaran and Central Bureau of Statistics of Kisaran. The result of the descriptive percentage analysis shows as the Agent of Change, they are obliged to improve cooperatives and it is the thing which is done by youth(64.58%). As the Agent of Development, they play an active role in development of cooperatives (68.75%). As the Agent of Modernization, they productively active in marketing cooperatives (68.75%). Therefore, the role of youth influences the development of cooperatives in Kisaran. The result of Shift Share has Proportional shift (P) of 69.76877 which indicates that sub-sector of cooperatives in Asahan Regency has quicker growth than that in the sectors of industry, electricity, gas and drinking water, transportation and communication, and the other services in Kisaran and has Differential Shift (D) of 77.18951 which indicates that sub-sector of cooperatives in Asahan Regency has relatively higher competitiveness than that of the other sectors.

Assessment of Women Participation in Primary Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Dawuro Zone Essera District, South West Ethiopia

Cooperative is a form of organization where voluntary associated together as human being on the basis of equality for the promotion of economic interest of themselves. The study would be conducted to assess cases that hinder women participation in SACCCOs in case of Essera woreda. Women has face many problems in order to participate in cooperative society, division of work and the patriarchy are the source for hindering factors for women to participate in cooperative. The general objective of this study was to assess factors that hinder women participation in cooperatives. The study used both primary and secondary data the primary data were collected from interview, questionnaire and group discussion. The secondary data was collected from member’s loan books, members saving books, members by low, the Essera Woreda Cooperative Promotion Office (CPO) document and other research work. This data was analyzed by using table, percentage and graph. In order to SACCO for economic benefit in saving and credit cooperative society face the problems in adequate financial structure, low attitude members about saving and loan use and lack of awareness. These situations have the opportunities of cooperative like, members of Essera saving and credit cooperatives are expected to provide them with a wide range of saving and credit to be used in everyday living and members hope to benefit from saving and credit cooperatives in respect of fair prices, high quality products and reliable services. The result of the study revealed that most of the respondents saved their money on their saving and credit cooperative society after they join. This indicates that the saving performance of the members was increased. Federal cooperative agency should pay attention continuously supervising of SACCO as they many peoples in providing loan as well as saving services and they are one of the financial services providers that highly contribute for the outreach of financial services for the memberships. Keywords : SACCO, women, Economy, Essera DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/10-5-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2020

Is There Safety in Numbers? Organizing as a Cooperative in the Freelance Economy

Freelance work is becoming increasingly ubiquitous and pervasive across multiple sectors of the economy. Freelancers are especially vulnerable to hazards of opportunism, and lack the protections traditional workers typically enjoy. In the current study, we enquire whether organizing as a cooperative can aid freelancers in overcoming the challenges they face. To address this question, we conduct a single in-depth case study. We selected Magnum Photos, an exclusive freelancer cooperative agency, founded in 1947 to further the interests of its members. We find that the agency adopted a novel organizational cooperative form we entitle entrepreneurial club, in which the members, who are carefully screened and selected, retain individual property and decision rights. This novel form served to mitigate agency problems, facilitate innovation, reduce transaction costs of exchange, and ultimately contributed to changing the established rules of the game in the field of photojournalism. Currently, Magnum is considered to be a flagship organization in the profession, although the exponential increase in size has led to recent organizational changes. Predicated on our analysis, we suggest that organizing as a cooperative along the above espoused parameters is more beneficial for freelancers than following an atomized approach.

Review on the Role of rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives in Improving Rural Farmers‘ Socio-economic Activities in Ethiopia

Rural Saving and Credit Cooperatives (RuSACCOs) are the main financial solution of the people who have low income level.Rural saving and credit cooperatives are considered to have immense potential in financing short term loans for agricultural production technologies and undertake off-farm income generating activities in rural areas where both the state and the private sector have failed. Cooperatives and socio-economic development in Ethiopia has its own Economic significance, Employment creation, income generation and poverty reduction, Social protection, Cooperative representation. Cooperatives have a long history in Ethiopia. Traditional forms of collective action such as iqub found that a traditional form of rotating savings and credit association; work groups such as jige, wonfel, and debo, which help in mobilizing labor resource (Labour sharing); and idir, a traditional association which provides insurance for members during death and other accidents. . Rural saving and credit cooperatives have their own challenges that retard their financial solution to their members and the economical contribution to a country. In Ethiopia, the development of SACCOs is low due to the existence of different challenges. Some of the most important challenges include lack of capacity for providing competent managerial services, limited participation of members in decision making and controlling activities (because of limited capacity and skill), and lack of finance, basic infrastructure, and market information against the need for a better linkage of cooperative members. And recommending Government cooperative agency offices, Unions, and NGOs should provide sustainable technical training for cooperatives technical staffs on financial planning, financial management, and inventory handling issues are the possible recommendations. Saving and credit cooperatives play a crucial role in economic and social development for rural farmers in Ethiopia.

Monitoring dan Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Koperasi pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Bali dengan Dukungan GIS

The growth of cooperatives in Indonesia today is very fast, especially the growth of cooperatives in Bali. Based on data from the Department of Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Bali Province the number of cooperatives in bali per June 30, 2016 as many as 4934, this is certainly a positive picture for the growth of cooperatives. The development of micro-credit activities undertaken cooperative is also growing very rapidly, but this is not matched by the quality of the performance of the cooperative itself. These conditions encourage the government oversight of credit unions and savings and loans by issuing a decision on guidelines for the rating of the cooperative based on Regulation Supervision Deputy Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016. The process of calculating the cooperative health assessment has now been made but there is still a conventional manner using Microsoft Excel so that experienced problems in the calculation and delivery of information on the results. Supervision of the cooperative in question is difficult because the delay of information and the lack of technology used. Computerized system and geographic information system support can be used to assist in the process of assessment of the level of health and also facilitate cooperative Cooperative Agency in monitoring the cooperative in question.

Monitoring dan Penilaian Tingkat Kesehatan Koperasi pada Dinas Koperasi dan UMKM Provinsi Bali dengan Dukungan GIS

The growth of cooperatives in Indonesia today is very fast, especially the growth of cooperatives in Bali. Based on data from the Department of Cooperatives, Micro, Small and Medium Bali Province the number of cooperatives in bali per June 30, 2016 as many as 4934, this is certainly a positive picture for the growth of cooperatives. The development of micro-credit activities undertaken cooperative is also growing very rapidly, but this is not matched by the quality of the performance of the cooperative itself. These conditions encourage the government oversight of credit unions and savings and loans by issuing a decision on guidelines for the rating of the cooperative based on Regulation Supervision Deputy Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of the Republic of Indonesia Number 01 / Per / Dep.6 / IV / 2016. The process of calculating the cooperative health assessment has now been made but there is still a conventional manner using Microsoft Excel so that experienced problems in the calculation and delivery of information on the results. Supervision of the cooperative in question is difficult because the delay of information and the lack of technology used. Computerized system and geographic information system support can be used to assist in the process of assessment of the level of health and also facilitate cooperative Cooperative Agency in monitoring the cooperative in question.

STRATEGI PEMASARAN SWALAYAN PAMELLA DALAM PERSPEKTIF ISLAM (Studi Kasus Swalayan Pamella Yogyakarta Tahun 2010)

<p>This research is meant to scrutinize expansion strategy of Pamela Supermarket marketing at Yogyakarta Special Province, covering the marketing urgency for company demands and a marketing shift from conventional system to <em>shari’ah</em>-based one. In order to verify this work, the researcher utilizes surveys with purposive sampling method of 20 respondents who are knowledgeable and involved in expansion strategy of Pamela Supermarket marketing at Yogyakarta Special Province; and collects data through observation, questionnaires, interviews, and documentations which are analyzed by Internal-External Matrix and Analytical Hierarchy Process.</p><p> </p><table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"><tbody><tr><td><div><div><p align="center"><em>JESI</em></p><p align="center"><em>JURNAL EKONOMI SYARIAH INDONESIA</em></p></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table>The result of research shows that alternative strategic concept used to develop marketing strategy of Pamela Supermarket at Yogyakarta Special Province based on internal and external factors which are analyzed by Internal-External Matrix are: 1) development and improvement of cooperate networking intensity; 2) improvement of product distribution capacity; 3) improvement of product availability capacity; 4) people purchasing power; and 5) development of product diversification. Besides, according to further analyzed result by Analytical Hierarchy Process, priorities of expansion strategy of Pamela Supermarket marketing at Yogyakarta Special Province are: 1) to deal with government –industrial, trade and cooperative agency – to support business operations through workshops; 2) to create new concepts to attract consumers, add product variant, and promote products effectively; 3) to change merchandise position, add product variant, and give good service; 4) to develop product diversification, product distribution system, and work together with small and medium business in villages.<p>To conduct alternative strategy of marketing requires coordination with government and private sectors of economic, social and political fields though the goal of Islamic economic is to pursue <em>shari’ah</em> values and build a blessed business.</p><p>Keyword: Marketing Strategy, Distribution, Diversification</p>

Cooperative Grace, Cooperative Agency

In an earlier paper, I argued for an account of the metaphysics of grace which was libertarian in nature but also non-Pelagian. My goal in the present paper is to broaden my focus on how the human and divine wills relate in graced activities. While there is widespread agreement in Christian theology that the two do interact in an important way, what’s less clear is how the wills of two agents can be united in one of them performing a particular action via a kind of joint or unitive willing. Insofar as the goal in these unitive willings is to have the human will and the divine will operating together in the human bringing about a particular action, I refer to this kind of volition as ‘cooperative agency’. I explore two different models – an identificationist model and an incarnation model – regarding how the human agent is aligned with God in cooperative agency. I then argue that there are significant reasons for preferring the incarnational model over the identificationist model.

A Resolution Prover for Coalition Logic

We present a prototype tool for automated reasoning for Coalition Logic, a non-normal modal logic that can be used for reasoning about cooperative agency. The theorem prover CLProver is based on recent work on a resolution-based calculus for Coalition Logic that operates on coalition problems, a normal form for Coalition Logic. We provide an overview of coalition problems and of the resolution-based calculus for Coalition Logic. We then give details of the implementation of CLProver and present the results for a comparison with an existing tableau-based solver.

A resolution-based calculus for Coalition Logic

We present a resolution-based calculus for Coalition LogicCL, a non-normal modal logic used for reasoning about cooperative agency. We introduce a normal form and a set of inference rules to solve the satisfiability problem in CL. We also show that the calculus presented here is sound, complete, and terminating.

Conceptual Blending and Intentionality

My original thesis was that conceptual blending was solely based on acts of individual intentionality without addressing collective or multiple intentionality (or aboutness). However, after reconsidering the problem, using Arthur Koestler's examples from Act of Creation and Fauconnier's and Turner's examples that were deeply ingrained in shared social contexts, I started to change my initial thesis. What made me switch over to the idea that conceptual blending was, after all, dominantly tacit and unconscious social act that required shared intentionality was John Searle's concept of The Background and Langacker's grounding, which, although different, both pointed at the socially shared elements of internalized knowledge. Thus, on second thought it appeared to me that conceptual blending hinged lot on social factors and/or rituals and definitely needed wider social context. Actually it turned out that I had to try to answer Searle's question: Can an individual harbor both her own ideas and collective ones at the same time? As Searle claims that this dual capacity is biological given that is shared by variety of species and presupposes a background sense of the other as candidate for cooperative agency, I could not help noticing the sheer intellectual effort it takes to break away from the Background. This meant that the only thing that blocked esoteric and weird interpretations was not the semantic content but the shared tacit assumptions. There seems to be more or less relevant counterpart in linguistics proper, too. and that is Langacker's concept of modeling local contextual aspects of meaning (the notion of ground). In the end, I was able to conclude that conceptual blending must have recourse to collectivity as shared background in situations that require it.

A Message from the New Editorial Team

School improvement is a question of dealing with the deep structures of school and the habits of thought and values they embody. Our view of students has, for a long time, been held in place by such ‘habits of thought’ but we are now moving beyond the ‘silenced voices’ to a re-valuation of what young people can contribute to the analysis and planning of their experiences as learners. What forces are sustaining this development? Are they sufficiently robust for teachers to work with them to effect real change in the conditions of learning in school? And, as Stewart Ranson asked, is encouraging young people to find a voice and to learn the practices of cooperative agency fundamental to the revitalisation of our schools as learning communities within democratic society? Are we creating a new order of experience for students in schools – or is this just a passing fashion, a tokenistic nod in the direction of consumerism?

Optimization of dairy based farming agricultural in critical land area of Yogyakarta Special Territory

A study has been done to provide a conceptual basis for the development of agricultural system in critical land area in Yogyakarta Special Teritory as the smallest production unit to (1) determine optimum dairy farming based agriculture for the area and income maximization on either farmer own inputs or with CAFlTAL aid provided by a funding party, (2) to develop a model for developing farming system based on dairy farming in critical land area in Yogyakarta Special Teritory.Methods being used multistage problem solving approach to the problem encountered in farming system as practiced in Glagaharjo Village, Sub District of Cangkringan, Sleman with Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA) and Agro-ecosystem Analysis as diagnostic activities. Farm record keeping and survey to fourty respondents purposively selected were then conducted. Using Linear Programming (LPM), a normative solution, under the imposed constraints for each activity, was obtained to see development effectivity of dairy based farming agricultural system. The result indicated that land resources had not managed optimally. Out of an average possession of 1,5 ha dry land, only 0,6 ha was cultivated, leading to relativelly low yield and income. Optimum dairy farming agriculture migh be an option to develop the area. Dairy farm Cooperative Agency (Model of Scenario I) can play important role to improve farmer income. With an average of 1,5 ha dry land and an average of 3 Animal Unit raised would optimized the resources allocation and income of Rp.20,385,340 for a period of eight years. The income rnigh be further increased to Rp.36,176,070 for similar production period with soft loan provided by ventura fund (Model of Scenario ll) to optimize land resources and family labor force use and a farmer was able to raised an average of 4 Animal Unit. If as being planned - such as scheme is adopted by 1,400 farmer, 230 worker will be employed in the first years. Employement need is increasing with time and after eight year it may reach 1154 workers/year. It can then be concluded that dairy based farming agriculture may improved economic endurance of farmer in critical land area, and directed as well toward land conservation program. Key words : Optimization, farming system, dairy based farming

Organizational Performance and Multiple Constituencies

Agency performance represents ongoing results of public organizational processes. Evaluating it has long been a central concern of public administration, in part because it is primary means of judging consistency of agency decisions with policy mandates, and in part because it provides principal way to observe how agencies satisfy diverse public needs in a plural society. In short, organizational performance is a basis for measuring agency accountability and reflects who gets represented more and who less in organization's complex allocation of public resources. Most of literature on performance, however, is disappointing. On whole, it does not incorporate some important realizations about how intergovernmental relations have changed in response to scarce (even nonexistent) resources and how agency constituencies need to be defined for a more competitive plural society. To wit, public agencies have operated for more than a decade under severe fiscal constraints brought on by taxpayer revolts, resulting in continued budget crises, service interruptions, and indecisive planning. For purpose of bringing cost savings and multiple perspectives to bear on these stubborn issues, response has been to take formerly loose-coupled agencies and make them parts of overlapping systems of planning and coproduction. Being especially visible at metropolitan level, we see cases of this where specific problems become joint responsibility of a set of agencies brought together by problem's overlapping reach into their respective jurisdictions. Take, for example, multiple and simultaneous effects of homeless on police, transit, and health services. The new realities have also meant a reallocation of resources away from fragmented entitlement programs and toward cooperative agency investments in regional economic development. The joint venture between City of San Antonio, Bexar County, and VIA (the regional transit authority) to build and operate Alamodome is an illustration of shift. Hence, agencies find themselves in a metapolicy' environment (Gustafsson, 1983) where they must consider policy making from several perspectives and design programs and services in light of their overlapping impacts (positive and negative) on each other. Such a setting involves widely varying but interdependent views on agency performance. In mass transit, for example, taxpayers expect use of quantitative business methods to yield more efficient operations. In conflict with this, other constituencies compel transit agencies to make policies consistent with nontransit service demands such as cooperative land-use planning, retrofitting for handicapped, providing de facto homeless shelters, and cost sharing of urban development projects of indirect value to transit. This metapolicy dash and others like it in education, water resources, health, and other areas bring us to realize how dicy agency performance evaluation has become from any single perspective. But it raises a second realization as well. Much of our current understanding about agency performance hinges on a singular dedication to the client. Probably influenced by literature on excellence (Peters and Waterman, 1982), many have lost sight of fact that a public organization has many different and frequently competing constituencies or stakeholders. Beside clients (who may be multiple and conflicting, there are also taxpayers, agency's service delivery workers, its executive managers, operations managers, and other groups having a derivative stake in agency's organizational processes. Their needs must be addressed as well if democratic administration is to be viable in an increasingly diverse society. Performance: Overlooking Multiple-Constituencies The metapolicy environment and this enlarged notion of constituencies are serious developments for those seeking to determine how well public organizations perform. …

Managing Public Superprojects: The Team Approach

The program management approach of managing public sector superprojects is defined, analyzed and evaluated. The writers draw on their own experience to explain the benefits and drawbacks of implementing program management techniques. Program efficiency, contractor accountability and public agency consultant relations are given special emphasis. Public agency and consultant responsibilities are outlined, and specific communications channels are suggested for strengthening the agency consultant bond. Program and project analyses, and their importance in cooperative agency consultant planning, are discussed. Configuration management is explained, and its role as a planning control tool is emphasized. Commom problems associated with program management are analyzed; suggestions are given on how to avoid them.

Agricultural Credit and Bank Nationalisation

Co-operative societies, the traditional agency still continued to play an important role in the disposetion of credit to farmers. The commercial banks though they have come into the picture only recently in regard to direct finance to agriculture have fared well and in due course can be expected to pay a bigger role as they gain ex- perience and certain concessions are granted as in the case of co-operatives. The co- operatives have in no way been affected by the impact of bank credit. The banks serve as a supplementing agency rather than competing with co-operative agency. Regarding recovery of loans in certain cases co-operatives are in better position as they can recover quickly by instituting arbitration proceeding.

VENDING SANITATION AND SAFETY-A CURRENT REPORT

While the automatic vending of food and beverages—and non-food merchandise—has been a part of The American scene since the late 1880's, problems of public health and safety did not enter the picture until the end of World War II when the first hot beverage vending machine went on location.In 1947, the vending industry and health officials first came together to discuss the development of uniform national standards for vending machines and vending operators. In 1957, after necessary research and preparation, The Public Health Service published The Vending of Food and Beverages—A Recommended Ordinance and Code. In the same year, the industry launched a full-time public health and safety program, guided by a nationally-constituted Health-Industry Council.The progress in sanitation and safety made as a result of cooperative industry and agency efforts over the past 12 years is discussed in terms of vending legislation, internal and external training, machine standardization and testing, and research.Concluding, a review of current problems in such matters as microwave safety, copper poisoning safeguards, temperature controls, icemaker design, and commissary layout is made, together with a “crystal ball” look at the future.

Development of the co-operative movement in northern Canada since 1963

The Second Conference of the Arctic Co-operatives was held at Poyungnituk, 19-28 April 1966. The first conference, held three years earlier at Frobisher Bay, had asked the Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development, which is sponsoring the co-operative development programme in the Canadian north, for assistance in establishing a strong central co-operative marketing agency to develop new markets for the increasing volume of crafts, and to exercise quality control. The Department agreed to discuss this proposal with the Co-operative Union of Canada and the Conseil Canadien de la Cooperation and to prepare a paper outlining its findings in detail. The delegates were to recommend to their co-operatives that they should consider the idea of a central marketing agency.