Cooperative Agency Research Articles

Cooperation choice in an online low-carbon supply chain

This paper considers the cooperation strategies in an Online Selling Low-Carbon Supply Chain (OSLCSC). The manufacturer in OSLCSC establishes an online retailing channel based on a co-operative agency sales format. Three possible online collaboration strategies are considered. We analyze the final cooperative equilibrium and find that cooperation between the platform and manufacturer can promote the dual development of environmental benefit and over-all supply chain profit. But from an individual benefit perspective, the platform and manufacturer do not always have motivation to cooperate with each other, and it related to the revenue-sharing rate and market competition intensity. Furthermore, we reveal that non-cooperation strategy does not always lead to the worst outcome, and in some cases, cooperation between the retailer and platform will result in the lowest entire supply chain performance. Lastly, the results show that each cooperative strategy may be the ultimate equilibrium, and the three players in OSLCSC could achieve a Pareto optimal under the different cooperation strategies.

The Impact of Computerized Systems on Efficiency and Productivity of Cooperatives in Rwanda. A Case Study of Cooperative Management System (CMS) Software Developed by MNK Digital Group Ltd

This research analyzed “Project design and implementation of cooperative management system (CMS) software and its impact on the efficiency and productivity of cooperatives in Rwanda” on 146 cooperatives using Cooperative Management System (CMS) across 19 districts of 4 Provinces of Rwanda (Eastern, Western, Northern, and Southern). The study used a sample of 750 respondents including 730 cooperative members from a total population of 61,320 members of 146 cooperatives plus 19 District Cooperatives Officers and 1 Director of Cooperatives Promotion and Capacity Building Unit in Rwanda Cooperative Agency (RCA). A questionnaire designed in form of five levels Likert scale was used and data was collected and analyzed through KoBo Toolbox and SPSS. The results of descriptive statistics showed that overall appreciation of CMS by cooperatives managers is “Good” (x̄= 3.8; σ = .270). The regression results revealed that CMS Membership management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β1= 0.049; p< 0.05); CMS Payments management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β2= 0.258; p< 0.05); Accounting management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β3= 0.242; p< 0.05); CMS Human resource management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β4= 0.016; p< 0.05); CMS Requisitioning management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β5= 0.020; p< 0.05); CMS Credit management module was positive and significant to Cooperative productivity and efficiency (β6= 0.206; p< 0.05). The coefficient of determination R-squared value for this study is 0.705 (r > 0.7) indicating strong effect size. It shows how that the model fits the data at strong extent. These results indicate that 70.5% of variance in dependent variable was explained by independent variables meaning that 70.5% of change in Cooperative productivity and efficiency come from CMSMembMgtMod, CMSPayMgtMod, CMSAccMgtMod, CMSHrMgtMod, CMSRequisMgtMod, CMSCreditMgtMod. The main CMS challenges outline by the respondents include CMS is not free and requires additional installation and maintenance fees (x̄= 5.0; σ =.000); CMS requires advanced education level (x̄= 4.3; σ =.080); CMS has issue of confidentiality of the data managed by the government which hosts the CMS system (x̄= 5.0; σ =.000); CMS use requires additional cost for internet (x̄= 4.1; σ =.351). Proposed solutions are: Support from the RCA on installation cost and the cooperatives should cover maintenance costs(x̄= 4.8; σ =.070); More training on even members with good primary education on the use of CMS (x̄= 4.3; σ =.380); Confederations should play important role in the management of CMS and the role of the government should be reduced (x̄= 4.9; σ =.290); The government should reduce the cost of internet (x̄= 4.7; σ =.151); More capacity building for cooperative managers.

Enhancing Sustainable Palm Oil Production in West Kalimantan: Paradiplomacy and Solidaridad's Role in Achieving Environmental Goals

The global palm oil industry, particularly in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, faces significant environmental scrutiny, with deforestation for oil palm plantations adversely impacting its reputation. This challenge is compounded by the European Union's regulations against products causing environmental harm, pressuring regional governments to safeguard the sustainability of local agriculture. This study examines the West Kalimantan government's collaboration with Solidaridad Indonesia, a renowned educational and cooperative agency, in transforming the local palm oil industry towards sustainability. Employing a qualitative methodology with a focus on secondary data, the research explores West Kalimantan's paradiplomatic initiatives in the global market through its partnership with Solidaridad. This collaboration is analyzed through the lenses of paradiplomacy and sustainable development goals (SDGs). The findings reveal that West Kalimantan's paradiplomacy has significantly enhanced the image of its palm oil commodities. Key strategies include educational programs for local farmers, promotion of certified palm oil standards, and alignment with SDGs. The study highlights the success of this collaborative approach in meeting the aspirations of West Kalimantan's government towards sustainable development, offering a model for other regions facing similar environmental challenges in the palm oil sector.

The relationship between statements of government accounting standards, internal control systems, and human resources on the quality of financial reports: A literature review

The aim of this research is to analyze the management and quality of financial report. The research method we uses is by using systematic review. Through searching for articles in the SINTA journal database, this research identified significant findings related to implementing PSAP, Government Internal Control System, and Human Resources competency on the quality of financial reports in the regional government, cooperative and Public Service Agency sectors. Various existing studies highlight the positive impact of implementing accounting standards and SPIP on the quality of financial reports, with a good understanding of accounting by HR being key. Optimizing Government Internal Control System, implementing SAPD, and effective internal control are the focus to ensure the integrity and quality of financial reports. Increasing understanding of accounting by HR through investment in training is vital, along with consistent implementation of SAPD to ensure compliance with government accounting standards. Focusing on optimizing Government Internal Control System is essential in preventing errors and improving the quality of financial information, ultimately resulting in more reliable and accountable financial management and strengthening stakeholder trust.

Родительские стратегии и агентность детей, занимающихся дополнительным образованием в условиях пандемии

The study explores the relationship between the strategies of parental involvement in education and the ability of schoolchildren to proactive behavior (agency), which allows them to adapt more successfully to changing external conditions. The data was obtained through the Internet survey of students engaged in extracurricular activities about the transition to remote formats of education during the pandemic and lockdown. The latent profile analysis was applied to better understand the differences between respondents in terms of changes in interaction with parents. The results showed that the joint activity of children and parents may be associated with the shaping of the so-called ‘cooperative agency’, whereas the strategy (related to giving more freedom to children, along with the facilitation support) is associated with other behavioral characteristics, which might be called ‘autonomous agency.’ We also found that the lack of interaction with parents, as well as strict control by parents, do not contribute to successful adaptation to the crisis conditions, which might be due to the lack of support of a child’s proactive behavior. It is also shown that the practice of discussing with parents the prospects of participation in educational and research projects is crucial both for shaping proactive behavior and also for expanding the perceived opportunities in crisis periods.

Analisis Peluang dan Tantangan Penggunaan Financial Technology Sebagai Upaya optimalisasi Potensi UMKM (Studi Kasus UMKM di Nusa Tenggara Barat)

This research aims to analyze and interpret the challenges and opportunities faced by financial technology (fintech) in the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). The study seeks to provide an overview of the research subject, which is the MSME actors. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, where data analysis is based on written information and involves opinions from the informants. Based on the interviews with MSME actors, it can be concluded that they have a good understanding of fintech as a financial service that utilizes technology and is considered beneficial for the development of MSME businesses, although not all MSME owners utilize it. The research also indicates that MSMEs need to consider barriers in adopting fintech that can affect the success of its implementation. Several factors identified as causes of low fintech adoption rates in the West Nusa Tenggara region include time constraints, lack of information and skills, security concerns, legal issues, market demand, transaction volume, and skepticism towards the technology to be used. West Nusa Tenggara was chosen as the research location due to its significant potential for MSME development, with approximately 580,168 MSMEs in the region. Furthermore, there are opportunities for MSMEs to expand their businesses through fintech, with the convenience and attractiveness offered by fintech as well as opportunities to reduce fraudulent activities. MSME actors are also aware that fintech has the potential for the future of MSMEs. Therefore, support from various parties such as the Cooperative and MSME Agency and educational institutions is needed to enhance awareness and financial literacy in optimizing the utilization of fintech.

Participation and equity shareholding benefits among wheat farmers’ multipurpose cooperatives in Southern Ethiopia

The study assessed cooperative members’ participation and its effect on their equity shareholding benefit. This cross-sectional designed study covered 371 stallholders’ wheat producing members from 27 primary cooperatives in three wheat producing districts. Survey questionnaire and key informant interviews were used for data collection. Multiple linear regression analyses were done on six participation variables to identify their relationship with members’ individual equity shareholding benefit. The result showed that, three participation variables, namely years in membership, number of shares, and quantity of wheat produce supplied were identified as significant predictors of benefit (p<0.05) and are therefore, deemed to have influence on the individual equity shareholding of members in their cooperatives. Based on the study findings the study recommended that the regional cooperative agency and affiliated zonal and district public service providing structures should work on how to strengthen those participation aspects having influence on member’s equity shareholding benefit. This can be used as springboard to further encourage members’ participation. Increased equity shareholding in turn, will contribute and eventually address the recurrently reported financial problem of cooperative societies both investment and working capital and their dependence on fragile external sources; on sustainable manner. Cooperative societies should encourage members to supply more quality produce to their cooperatives by giving them tangible benefits in price reward and patronage dividend. The Regional and Federal governments need to create a supportive policy environment to enable farmers’ cooperative societies to own the fertilizer business, including importing and distribution to the village level, which is the main function that these societies are assumed to perform. More importantly, focus should be given to improve members’ participation on the management and decision-making process. This is because, as members based entity, the fundamental organizational characteristics of cooperative, which is members’ ownership, use and control is assumed to be manifested in due process of making decisions that are affecting the affairs of their society. Key words: Cooperatives, Equity, Ethiopia, Farmers, Members, Wheat, Participation, Shareholding

Analysis of the Impact of Assets, Capital, Workforce, Fintech on the Revenue of MSMEs in Medan City

The purpose of this study is to examine whether factors such as Assets, Capital, Workforce, and Fintech have an influence on the revenue of SMEs. The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis with quantitative data. The data for this study were obtained from the Cooperative and SME Agency of Medan City, and data analysis was conducted using Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis with the assistance of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The study utilized data from 245 MSMEs in Medan City for the year 2022. The results of this study demonstrate that among the three indicators, fintech has the strongest impact on MSME revenue. This is supported by the p-value in the hypothesis testing, which is 0.019 < 0.05, indicating that fintech has a positive and significant effect on revenue. Additionally, the asset indicator is also emphasized as it is considered to have a substantial influence on MSME revenue.

PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KERJA DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI

The objective of this research is to identify and analyze the effects of workplace environment and job satisfaction on employee performance at the Cooperative, Micro Business, and Labor Agency of Kediri City. The population of this applied quantitative research is the employees of the Cooperative, Micro Business, and Labor Agency of Kediri City, from which forty people were selected as the respondents using probability sampling method. The results of the inferential statistical analysis and multiple linear regression have led to findings that workplace environment and job satisfaction significantly affect employee performance. The findings are an indication that the performance of employees at the Cooperative, Micro Business, and Labor Agency of Kediri City is determined by their workplace environment and job satisfaction.

Co-operative Governance and Financial Performance of Irish Potato Farmers’ Co-operatives in Northern and Western Provinces, Rwanda

Farmer co-operatives are considered the backbone of agricultural development and the main pillars in facilitating socio and economic development. However, their contribution is small in many countries due to governance problems. This paper investigated the effect of governance on financial performance among Irish potato farmers’ co-operatives (IPFCs). To address the objectives of the paper, data were collected from 32 primary co-operatives that had complied with audited financial reports in Northern and Western Provinces. Questionnaire, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect primary data. Secondary data from audited financial statements were collected to analyse selected co-operatives’ financial performance in terms of Return On Assets. Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used for data analysis. The results showed that members' participation, accountability, transparency, and leadership are significant factors contributing to the financial performance of IPFCs. However, the relationship between policy compliance on financial performance, co-operative structure and financial performance was not statistically significant. As revealed, most IPFCs experience poor leadership to run their co-operatives smoothly. Based on the findings, Rwanda Co-operative Agency (RCA) and other community development partners should organise ongoing capacity-building training for IPFCs’ leaders, to ensure self-governance and curtail the interference of local authorities within the administration of co-operatives under the pretext of reported mismanagement and poor leadership. This paper generates facts toinform IPFCs, community development partners, and policymakers about the major factors that can affect the financial performance of farmers’ co-operatives. In addition, the paper contributes to the literature by analysing governance practices that affect the financial performance of agricultural co-operatives in developing countries perspective.

Public Services of the Malang City Government in the Community Perspective (Study In Cooperative and Micro Enterprises Agency of Malang City by using the Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA))

Public Services of the Malang City Government in the Community Perspective (Study In Cooperative and Micro Enterprises Agency of Malang City by using the Importance and Performance Analysis (IPA))

The Tourism Sector Stakeholder Collaboration Role in Post-COVID-19 Economic Recovery of Central Java, Indonesia

Pandemic COVID-19 has severely affected the tourism industry worldwide, including Central Java, Indonesia. Hence, this study aims to determine the potency of stakeholders' collaboration in the post-COVID 19 economic recoveries in Central Java. Preliminary data gathering by sequential focus group discussions (SFGD) to identify institutions and their role and objective, followed by a survey with a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Matrix of Alliance and Conflict: Tactics, Objective and Recommendation (MACTOR) method. The result shows that all stakeholders agreed that collaboration is critical in economic recovery, but their roles vary depending on their duties and responsibilities. Based on the influence and dependence map, all stakeholders are into four groups: The first group has the strong influence, namely the Cooperatives and SMSEs Agency and Tourism Agency. The second group has both strong influence and dependence, consisting of the Tourism Village Association, Planning and Development Agency, Industry and Trade Agency, and Hotel and Restaurant Association. The third group has a low influence and high dependence, consisting of the community and the Food Security Agency. The fourth group had both low influence and dependence is banking. In addition, there is no potential conflict among all stakeholders involved that could affect collaboration in the economic recovery. Lastly, future cooperation between the Cooperative and SMSEs Agency and Hotel and Restaurant Association should be encouraged.

God's Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws

God's Patients: Chaucer, Agency, and the Nature of Laws

STRATEGI PEMASARAN MELALUI MARKETPLACE DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PENJUALAN PADA UMKM KLASTER OLAHAN PANGAN DI KOTA SEMARANG

The increase in population growth in Indonesia has led to an increase in food consumption. The need for food consumption will always increase, so the processed pangen cluster MSMEs are predicted to continue to grow significantly so that they can meet the necessary food needs. The Cooperative and MSME Agency of Semarang City noted that processed food products still dominate the types of SMEs in Semarang City at 55%. However, these SMEs still market their products in a simple way, where they make products based on what they can do and sell their products without any maximum effort. As a result of such marketing conditions, their businesses are difficult to develop. On the other hand, competition in the business world has become very tight in the current era of globalization. Therefore, this service aims to provide education for residents and managers of food processing cluster MSMEs in Semarang city about the importance of utilizing marketplaces to increase sales for their products. In a broader scope, it can advance the potential development of MSMEs in the processed food sector in the city of Semarang. The output targets of this service are publications in mass media, publications in national service journals, and video highlights of activities.

Organizational Performance in Implementation of Mamminasata Urban Area Development: Working Mechanisms and Human Resource Capacity

The management of Mamminasata urban area is often focused solely on the performance of the cooperative agency that was formed. Implementation of the development of Mamminasata urban area also involves participation of district/city regional apparatus organizations that are incorporated in the area to formulate and make development policies. This study was conducted to discuss the working mechanism and capacity of human resources in organizations involved in the development of the Mamminasata urban area to determine organizational performance. Qualitative research methods with case studies are carried out so that research data obtained through documentation, observation and unstructured interviews can be explained authentically. According to research data, the lack of budget in implementing the development of the Mamminasata urban area, made one organization in the area take on the task of another organization. This was done as a way to minimize the shortage of costs for the development of the Mamminasata urban area. Another finding from this study is that employees who work in every organization involved in implementing the development of the Mamminasata urban area do not have the skills and expertise that are appropriate to their work.

PENGARUH ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP TERHADAP KINERJA UMKM KOTA SURABAYA MELALUI INOVASI

The economic movement in East Java which was dominated by MSMEs until December 2016 was able to increase the economy in Surabaya with many of these business people. This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of entrepreneurial leadership on organizational performance mediated by innovation in MSMEs guided by Cooperative Agency and Micro Enterprise City of Surabaya with Food and Beverage Business Sector. The type of this research is quantitative and explanatory research. The population of this research is the MSMEs guided by Dinas Koperasi dan Usaha Mikro Kota Surabaya with the Food and Beverage Business Sector. The questionnaire was distributed to 35 respondents and the statistical analysis used was Partial Least Squares (PLS) with smartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study explain that entrepreneurial leadership has a significant positive effect on organizational performance. Entrepreneurial leadership has a significant positive effect on product innovation. Product innovation does not affect organizational performance. Entrepreneurial leadership does not affect organizational performance through product innovation. There is still inconsistency between this research result and previous research, the next research should analyze others variables that might affect entrepreneurial leadership in different sector.

The Status and Role of Cooperatives and Cooperative Bank of Oromia in the Socio-Economic Development in Ethiopia

Cooperative is a useful instrument to alleviate the socio-economic problems of the people in many developing countries including Ethiopia. Cooperation among people has existed since time immemorial. However, formal cooperatives began in Ethiopia in 1960. Following this, with the initiative of the government to encourage financial institutions, Cooperative Bank of Oromia was emerged in 2004. Since its establishment, Cooperative Bank of Oromia played its share to solve the bottleneck of institutions and individuals in delivering both financial and non-financial services to the unbanked and under banked communities as well as to sustain the co-operative institutions. The objective of this review article is to show the status and role of cooperatives and Cooperative Bank of Oromia in the socio-economic development in Ethiopia. Intensive conceptual and empirical literature reviews were made in the areas of cooperative development, cooperative policy and regulatory framework documents, annual reports of Cooperative Bank of Oromia and the Federal Cooperative Agency’s report. The study indicated that the number of primary cooperatives has increased from 7,366 in 1991 to 82,089 at the beginning of 2019 showing 1,014% rate of growth. The number of members increased from 4.5million to 18 million during the same period demonstrating growth rate of 297%. Their capital was increased from half billion to 20.5 billion birr during the stated periods. Likewise, Cooperative Bank of Oromia has shown dramatic progress. Its capital is increased from 300 million to more than 5 billion; the numbers of branches increased from 7 to 420, number of employees are 8,163. The review confirmed that the bank is contributing multi-directional socio-economic development in the country. It is obvious that if it continues in this manner, the bank will be one of the leading banking industries in the country. Keywords: Cooperatives, Cooperative Bank of Oromia, Role, Status, Socio-Economic Contribution DOI: 10.7176/EJBM/13-7-02 Publication date: April 30 th 2021

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI MANAJEMEN KOPERASI MENGGUNAKAN METODE WEB ENGINEERING (Studi Kasus : Primkop Kartika Gatam)

Koperasi Primkop Kartika Gatam is a state-owned cooperative agency that provides savings and loan services to members and has an address at Jl Teuku Umar, No 85, Penengah, Kedaton, Bandar Lampung and has a total of 300 cooperative members. Based on the results of interviews with the head of the cooperative, Mrs. Ollivia Febrojaya, S.H, there were problems in the management process of processing savings and loan data, which as a whole was carried out using manual or recording processes such as loan applications and member data recording, saving and loan data recording. As a result, the integration of data between divisions cannot be carried out easily and the process of reporting data on deposits and loans is carried out repeatedly resulting in frequent delays in submitting reports on deposits and loans to the leadership. The next problem is that the process of calculating savings data is still using a calculator so that the impact is an error in calculating total savings and loans. This of course requires innovation regarding information technology that can be operated via the internet network using a website.So that the researcher provides a proposal to develop a cooperative management system that has several features such as online loan applications and can view the history of savings and loans and provides convenience with the calculation of the total recap and the amount of savings and loans automatically based on the date and month of the printed report.

DIGITALIZATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IMPACT ON MSMEs’ PROFITABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

This study aims to examine the impact of digitalization of accounting information on MSMEs profitability and productivity. The population in this study was MSMEs in Semarang which were registered at the Cooperative and UMKM Agency of Semarang as of October 2019 totaling 17.010 units. There are 300 cases selected using purposive sampling method with the criteria that the companies use computerize transaction recording and/or utilize smart devices for business communication. The primary data were collected from MSMEs’ manager through questionnaire that was distributed in several public events such as exhibition and seminars. The study took the simple regression analysis utilizing SPSS 22.0 software. The findings show that that digitalization of accounting information has significant impacts on increasing profitability. Another finding shows that digitalization of accounting information does not affect the companies’ productivity. This research is based on the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) theory and the Schumpeterian theory. In practice, the results of this study can be socialized to the MSMEs managers so that they can use this to evaluate the implementation of accounting information in their business. This study can also be used by government and others related parties to consider in providing business assistance for MSMEs to improve the impact of digitalization of accounting information

DIGITALIZATION OF ACCOUNTING INFORMATION IMPACT ON MSMEs’ PROFITABILITY AND PRODUCTIVITY

This study aims to examine the impact of digitalization of accounting information on MSMEs profitability and productivity. The population in this study wasMSMEs in Semarang which were registered at the Cooperative and UMKM Agency of Semarang as of October 2019 totaling 17.010 units. There are 300 cases selected using purposive sampling method with the criteria that the companies use computerize transaction recording and/or utilize smart devices for business communication. The primary data were collected from MSMEs’ manager through questionnaire that wasdistributed in several public events such as exhibition and seminars. The study took the simple regression analysis utilizing SPSS 22.0 software. The findings show that that digitalization of accounting information has significant impacts on increasing profitability. Another finding shows that digitalization of accounting information does not affect the companies’ productivity. This research is based on the Technological Acceptance Model (TAM) theory and the Schumpeterian theory. In practice, the results of this study can be socialized to the MSMEsmanagers so that theycan use this to evaluate the implementation of accounting information in their business. This study can also be used by government and others related parties to consider in providing business assistance for MSMEs to improve the impact of digitalization ofaccounting information