Cooperative Governance Research Articles

Skema Kerjasama Pemerintah Dengan Badan Usaha (KPBU) Dalam Penyediaan Infrastruktur Alat Penerangan Jalan (APJ)

The purpose of this study is to identify the infrastructure needs for Street Lighting Equipment (APJ), analyze financial performance Government Bandung Regency area, and the Government Cooperation with Business Entities (PPP) scheme in providing APJ infrastructure in Bandung Regency. The local government is only able to provide less than half of the funding. For this reason, it is necessary to look for other alternative sources of funding in funding its infrastructure needs. Through literature and policy/regulation studies, one of the alternatives that is expected to be an important model for providing infrastructure is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme in which the private sector can participate in providing infrastructure starting from the aspects of funding, design, construction, operation, to maintenance. infrastructure based on cooperation agreements. To support this PPP program, the Government of Bandung Regency through the Ministry of Finance has provided fiscal facilities at each stage of the PPP project implementation for the provision of APJ infrastructure.

Analisis Current Ratio, Return on Assets, dan Ukuran Perusahaan, serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Nilai Perusahaan yang Dimediasi oleh Struktur Modal

The purpose of this study is to identify the infrastructure needs for Street Lighting Equipment (APJ), analyze financial performance Government Bandung Regency area, and the Government Cooperation with Business Entities (PPP) scheme in providing APJ infrastructure in Bandung Regency. The local government is only able to provide less than half of the funding. For this reason, it is necessary to look for other alternative sources of funding in funding its infrastructure needs. Through literature and policy/regulation studies, one of the alternatives that is expected to be an important model for providing infrastructure is the Public Private Partnership (PPP) scheme in which the private sector can participate in providing infrastructure starting from the aspects of funding, design, construction, operation, to maintenance. infrastructure based on cooperation agreements. To support this PPP program, the Government of Bandung Regency through the Ministry of Finance has provided fiscal facilities at each stage of the PPP project implementation for the provision of APJ infrastructure

Outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales at a long-term care facility in Seoul, Korea: surveillance and intervention mitigation strategies.

Because effective decolonization options are not available, and treatment options are limited, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) constitute increasingly threatening nosocomial pathogens. To prevent CRE-associated transmission and ensure patient safety, healthcare personnel and everyone in contact with CRE-infected patients must implement stringent infection control practices. This report describes a CRE outbreak, possibly related to a caregiver at a long-term care facility (LTCF), and presents a new surveillance model to improve the infection control of CRE in Seoul, Korea. The Seoul Metropolitan Government surveillance system identified an outbreak of CRE in an LTCF in 2022. We obtained data on the demographic characteristics and contact histories of the inpatients, medical staff, and caregivers. To isolate the inpatients and employees exposed to CRE, we used rectal swab samples and environmental sampling during the study period (May-December 2022). We identified 18 cluster cases (1 caregiver and 17 inpatients) and 12 sporadic cases with CRE, and conducted a complete 197-day follow-up of all cases in the LTCF's isolation wards. This investigation demonstrated that our surveillance model and targeted intervention, based on the cooperation of the municipal government, public health center, and infection control advisory committee, effectively contained the epidemic at the LTCF. Measures to improve the compliance of all employees in LTCFs with infection control guidelines should also be adopted.

Emission Inventory of Airborne Pollutants from Biomass Combustion in Guizhou Province

With the objective to ascertain the emissions of biomass combustion in Guizhou, the activity levels were measured through data collection and field surveys, and the emission factors were acquired using actual monitoring data and data cited from previous literature. A 3 km×3 km-gridded emission inventory of nine air pollutants from biomass combustion sources in Guizhou Province in 2019 was developed in combination with GIS technology. The results showed that the total emissions of CO, NOx, SO2, NH3, VOCs, PM2.5, PM10, BC, and OC in Guizhou were estimated to be 293505.53, 14781.19, 4146.11, 8501.07, 45025.70, 39463.58, 41879.31, 6832.33, and 15134.74 t, respectively. The distribution of atmospheric pollutants emitted by biomass combustion sources in different cities was noticeably uneven, being mainly concentrated in Qiandongnan Miao and Dong Autonomous Prefecture. The analysis of variation characteristics of emissions indicated that the monthly emissions were concentrated in February, March, April, and December, and the hourly emissions peaked daily from 14:00 to 15:00. Some uncertainty remained in the emission inventory. It is necessary to perform in-depth analyses of the accuracy of obtaining activity-level data, localize the emission factors through more combustion experiments in subsequent research for improving the emission inventory of air pollutants from biomass combustion in Guizhou Province, and provide a basis for the cooperative governance of the atmospheric environment.

Limits to the Anthropocene: geopolitical conflict or cooperative governance?

In the Anthropocene the world is facing an acceleration of human growth and its impact on nature. The expansionist world order which emerged from Europe since colonial times is reaching multiple limits (environmental, economic, social, political and scientific-technical), increasing marginal costs and risks which trigger multiple crises, conflicts and catastrophes that challenge this world order. Alternative futures range from a collapse of human civilization to geopolitical power competition and conflict between rivals to disruptive technical innovations and systemic transformation of the economy and society within natural boundaries. In response to geopolitical conflicts and their consequences, such as climate change and the Russia-Ukraine war, efforts of cooperative governance can help to mitigate, adapt to and manage complex crisis landscapes. Instead of an epochal turn (Zeitenwende) for arms race and war, more promising are sustainable climate protection and a peaceful energy transition within planetary boundaries. To further prevent escalating and mutually enforcing crisis dynamics and geopolitical conflicts in the Anthropocene, cooperative governance needs to adjust to the world's complexity and move from a negative nexus of problems to a positive nexus of solutions. The interaction between geopolitics and governance and the transition from risk cascades to synergies is discussed for the energy-security nexus and the climate-conflict-migration nexus. Energy conflicts can be contained by diminishing land competition and biodiversity loss, as well as risky dependencies on strategic raw materials and conflict minerals. Measures for a sustainable energy transition include energy efficiency and conservation, renewable energy and decarbonization, a circular economy and nature-based solutions. To prevent risk multiplication in the climate-conflict-migration nexus, synergies in climate, migration and security policy facilitate integrative solutions for a socio-ecological transformation based on mitigation and adaptation, conflict resolution and environmental peacebuilding, aiming for a mutual enforcement of sustainability and peace.

What Type of Energy Structure Improves Eco-Efficiency? A Study Based on Statistical Data of 285 Prefecture-Level Entities in China

Increasing environmental pollution, resource depletion, and climate change have led to policymakers paying increased attention to the environmental and ecological impacts of economic activities. To establish which type of energy structure is most conducive to improving eco-efficiency, we use the super-efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) model to quantify the relationship between the two, based on the panel data of 285 prefecture-level cities in China from 2005 to 2016. The heterogeneity and spatial spillover effect on different types of cities are further discussed. Our findings suggest that energy structure optimization by reducing the proportion of coal energy is beneficial to improving ecological efficiency. However, the effect is nonlinear, showing an inverted U-shaped nonlinear change. The influence of energy structure optimization on ecological efficiency has a stronger effect on its improvement of resource-based and old industrial cities. Moreover, it has an obvious “local–neighborhood” spatial spillover effect. Additionally, the energy structure could be improved according to local conditions in different regions, such as the level of economic development, industrial structure, and resource endowment conditions. Furthermore, regional cooperation and coordination should be strengthened and consolidated, along with the positive spatial effects of high eco-efficiency cities. Especially in city clusters and metropolitan areas, the strengthening of cross-city cooperation in emission trading, environmental governance, and compensation is vital.

Analysis of the Effects of Urbanization in the Context of Marx's Urban-Rural Development Theory in China

China is at a critical stage of transformation from building a moderately prosperous society to basically realizing socialist modernization, and it is imperative to realize a new urbanization pattern. Guided by Marx's urban-rural development theory, this paper takes the 1% urbanization growth rate as the entry point, systematically composes the research progress of urbanization, and analyzes the 1% urbanization effect in six aspects: transformation of population migration structure, land urbanization, transformation of governmental role, transformation of the structure of three industries, change of urban system, growth distribution effect, and institutional construction. On this basis, corresponding measures are proposed for the new urbanization in the future: China's urbanization development should still focus on people and the fruits should be shared by the people, thus realizing the high-quality development of urbanization. We will continue to promote the optimization of spatial pattern, the development of county economy, the quality and efficiency of urban-rural integration, and the active cooperation of effective market and competent government, thus releasing the dividends of urbanization and deepening the ideological connotation of Marx's urban-rural development theory and new urbanization.

Research on Cross-Regional Environmental Governance Cooperation between China and Korea

The current environmental issues have attracted worldwide attention due to their cross-border, public, global, and long-term nature, making it difficult for any one country to address them independently. The shared environmental challenges faced by human society and the common need for international environmental governance compel countries to break down the barriers of national borders, social systems, policies, culture, and religious beliefs. Sovereign governments and non-governmental organizations must actively coordinate and participate in joint governance, and cross-regional environmental governance cooperation has become an important form of international environmental governance. Based on a systematic description of the severe challenges of cross-regional environmental pollution faced by the Republic of Korea and China, this study explores and summarizes the international experience of cross-regional environmental governance cooperation in regions such as Europe, North America, and ASEAN in recent years. Additionally, this study analyzes the necessity of cross-regional environmental governance cooperation between China and the Republic of Korea from the perspective of game theory and economics. Building upon previous research, this study explores the framework and system for cross-regional environmental governance cooperation between China and the Republic of Korea. It designs the direction of regional environmental governance mechanisms and examines the implementation of specific measures in areas such as interest linkage, institutional guarantees, cooperation institutions, public participation, funding sources, and talent teams. The goal of this study is to provide strategic suggestions for promoting global cross-regional environmental governance cooperation.

The Impact of Termination of Cooperation between the Indonesian Government and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) on Nature Conservation

This study aims to explain the reasons why the Indonesian government decided to cooperate with World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and the impact of the termination of the Indonesian government's cooperation with WWF on Nature Conservation in Indonesia. Data was collected through a literature study (library research) which aims to collect secondary data from books, journals, reports, official government websites, and other relevant internet sites to support this research. The data is then analyzed in three stages: data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The findings show that the reasons why the Indonesian government, represented by the Ministry of Environment, decided to partner or end the collaboration with the WWF foundation, namely, first, a change in landscape or the scope of WWF's performance which is increasingly being expanded. Second, WWF's activities, especially in the field of climate change, environmental and forestry law enforcement and waste management in the field, do not have a legal basis for legal cooperation. Third, violations of the principle of cooperation and violations of field work and unilateral claims that do not match the facts that occur in the field. Fourth, violations of the substance of the cooperation agreement, including through a series of social media campaigns and publication of reports that are not in accordance with the facts. Meanwhile, the impact of the termination of this collaboration resulted in aspects of the natural environment that were increasingly not maintained and many other projects that were concerned with nature and ecosystem conservation became worse. The limitation of this research is that the researchers did not have time to conduct interviews with WWF to examine in more detail the impact of the termination of cooperation on nature conservation in Indonesia. Subsequent research needs to use the interview method for more comprehensive results.

Signal effect of government regulations on ride-hailing drivers’ intention to mobile-based transportation platform governance: Evidence from China

The emergence of the ride-hailing economy has brought many benefits to society but has also presented several unprecedented governance challenges. To address the latter, a cooperative governance mode joined by multiple agents has been suggested as a potential regulatory paradigm for shared platforms. However, how government regulation affects governance participation intentions among different stakeholders remains unclear. To shed light on this issue, this study examines how ride-hailing drivers of China perceive government regulation and regulatory events and how this perception affects their intentions to participate in governance. The methodology involves two stages: interviews with 30 ride-hailing drivers and questionnaires completed by 375 drivers, followed by an empirical analysis. Results indicate that perceived government regulation and perceived values significantly influence governance participation intentions among ride-hailing drivers. Additionally, government regulatory events and positive network externality have a partial moderating effect on this relationship. These findings suggest that while external regulatory environment and regulatory return can increase governance participation intentions, they are insufficient to support co-governance. To effectively realize co-governance, governments must overcome the state-centrism bias that treats informal subjects (stakeholders) in platform governance as passive “participants” or “recipients.” This scenario can be achieved by advancing policy and issuing deliberation mechanisms that increase the formal position of drivers in platform governance, thus sending a signal to drivers that they are valued participants in the governance process.

Cooperatives as Pillar of Economy to Improve Agriculture Production and Marketing

This paper focuses on the important role played by cooperatives in agriculture production and marketing in Nepal. The paper evaluates the role of cooperatives, their contribution to agriculture, current policies that have paved the way for development within the agriculture and cooperative sectors and recommendations for improving agriculture production and marketing. The methodology employed includes a review of existing literature on agriculture and cooperative policies, as well as discussions with key informants in the cooperative movement. The study highlights the need for support from government and non-government agencies to improve the service of agricultural cooperatives in various ways, particularly through policy intervention. The paper provides policy recommendations for the future, including the need for improved coordination between government agencies and cooperatives, capacity-building programs, commercialization of agro-products, ways of increasing agro-productivity and capacity-building for cooperative leaders, and better access to credit and markets. Overall, the study underscores the importance of cooperatives in the sustainable development of the agriculture sector in Nepal.

PERAN BANK SAMPAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PLASTIK DI DEPOK

Plastic consumption continues to increase, which is influenced by population growth and increased use of plastic. Plastics that are flexible to be used as daily necessities, especially plastics that are widely used for packaging. This also increases the problem of plastic waste. Unmanaged and wasted plastic in landfills is an environmental problem. The purpose of this research is to analyze the role of waste banks in the utilization and management of plastic waste. The method used is a quantitative method with descriptive and mathematical analysis. The result of this research is that plastic can be utilized if it is clean and dry in segregated conditions. Community, government and recycler cooperation in collecting and utilizing plastic waste can increase the economic value of plastic waste. The important role of the community in sorting waste in households and waste banks at the RT/RW level in collecting inorganic waste. In conclusion, the role of the waste bank can improve people's habits in sorting inorganic waste and also increase the economic value of plastic waste.

Legal Aspects of the Mechanism for The Regional Government Cooperation Implementation with Foreign Parties

Legal Aspects of the Mechanism for The Regional Government Cooperation Implementation with Foreign Parties

The behavioural evolution of the smart electric vehicle battery reverse supply chain under government supervision

PurposeRecycling and reuse of the electric vehicle (EV) batteries are ways to extend their limited lives. If batteries can be traced from production to recycling, it is beneficial for battery recycling and reuse. Using blockchain technology to build a smart EV battery reverse supply chain can solve the difficulties of lack of trust and data. The purpose of this study is to discuss the behavioural evolution of a smart EV battery reverse supply chain under government supervision.Design/methodology/approachThis study adopts evolutionary game theory to examine the decision-making behaviours of the government, EV manufacturers with recycled used batteries and third-party EV battery recyclers lacking professional recycling qualification.FindingsOn the smart reverse supply chain integrated by blockchain technology, a cooperative recycling strategy of the third-party EV battery recycler is the optimal choice when the government tends to actively regulate. The probability of the EV manufacturer choosing the blockchain adoption strategy exceeds (below) the threshold, and the government prefers negative (positive) supervision. According to numerical analysis, in the mature stage in the EV battery recycling industry, when the investment cost of applying blockchain is high, EV manufacturers' willingness to apply blockchain slows down, the government accelerates adopting a negative supervision strategy and third-party EV battery recyclers prefer cooperative recycling.Practical implicationsThe results of this study provide opinions on the strength of government supervision and the conditions under which EV manufacturers and third-party EV battery recyclers should apply blockchain and cooperate. On the other hand, this study provides theoretical analysis for promoting the application of blockchain technology in smart reverse supply chain.Originality/valueCompared with previous research, this study reveals the relevance of government supervision, blockchain application and cooperation strategy in smart EV battery reverse supply chain. In the initial stage, even if the subsidy (subsidy reduction rate) and penalty are high and the penalty reduction rate is low, the EV manufacturer should rather give up the application of blockchain technology. In the middle stage in the EV battery recycling industry, the government can set a lower subsidy (subsidy reduction rate) combined with a penalty or a higher penalty (penalty reduction rate) combined with a subsidy to supervise it. The third-party EV battery recycler is advised to cooperate with the EV manufacturer when the subsidy is low or the penalty is high.

Державні банки України як фактор забезпечення стабільності грошового обігу в умовах воєнного стану

Introduction. The results of the state-owned banks' activities (hereinafter BSC) in 2022 confirm their significant contribution to the stabilization of the national financial system during the period of full-scale Russian aggression against Ukraine. Problem Statement. Analysis of approaches to the strategic development of the BSC during the period of post-war economic recovery and their impact on the overall security of monetary circulation in the country. The given calculations make it possible to compare the financial results, role and place of each BSC with banks of foreign financial groups and banks with private capital. .Purpose. To assess the performance of banks with state participation in capital in 2022, compare the results obtained with the indicators of private sector banks, including with the participation of foreign capital, and formulate proposals for further legislative support for the optimization of business models of BSC in conditions of strengthening requirements for financial security. Methods. General scientific and special methods are used: analysis, synthesis, grouping, description, comparison, theoretical generalization and abstract-logical. Results. The dynamics of changes in the resource base of banks at the expense of legal entities and individuals, as well as their credit and investment portfolios, are presented. The main macroeconomic strategies of monetary policy, which influenced the development of banks in 2022, are considered. The importance of restoring the Government's cooperation with international financial organizations in 2023 is emphasized. Conclusions. Changes in the development strategy of the BSC are proposed in order to increase the capitalization of this sector and attract foreign capital in the direct investment of the banking sector. In the conditions of martial law, in order to ensure the manageability of the BSC it is advisable to review the list of key strategic indicators of banks from the point of view of unification and convenience for measuring and comparing the effectiveness of their management's work, as well as monitoring investment attractiveness. The financial security of Ukraine in the system of the bank-centric financial sector must be based on the transparent management of the BSC sector, which must have a long-term development strategy along with a transparent mechanism for evaluating the quality of management's work.

Can Purpose Foster Stakeholder Trust in Corporations?

As part of institutional changes toward more responsible capitalism, firms increasingly articulate a purpose beyond simply profit as a central tenet of their governance. Management scholarship has noted the potential advantages of such purpose-focus for stakeholder trust. However, some consumers, employees, and shareholders have expressed skepticism about the veracity of firms’ purpose claims and raised concerns about purpose-washing. We propose two distinct influence pathways—one cognitive, one affect-based—by which corporate purpose can influence stakeholder trust. First, purpose constitutes a signal of firm intent and quality that expresses a firm’s public, enduring commitments. It fosters cognitive trust by providing clarity and assurance regarding the firm’s future conduct, allowing stakeholders to better calculate relational and reputational risk and the instrumental value of exchange—even when they do not share the firm’s prosocial mission, principles for stakeholder relations, or its conception of virtues. Second, purpose presents a moral appeal to stakeholders. This appeal can stimulate positive affective responses, activate stakeholders’ hedonic and eudaemonic motives tied to their moral identity, and thus provide intuitive cues to trust the firm. By sharply delineating the pathways by which purpose can shape interorganizational trust, we not only illuminate how purpose can yield trust benefits but also when it is ineffectual and causes stakeholder backlash. This clarifies the role of purpose in shaping relational governance and multistakeholder cooperation and contributes to research on strategic and moral commitments as foundations of interorganizational trust.History: This paper has been accepted for the Strategy Science Special Issue on Corporate Purpose.

National human rights institutions: independent actors in global human rights governance?

Abstract In an increasingly complex global human rights regime, international governmental organizations like the United Nations remain concerned with closing the human rights governance gap. In this context, national human rights institutions (NHRIs) are uniquely equipped regulatory intermediaries—they have the mandated powers to support and monitor national governments' human rights compliance, but require government cooperation to operate effectively. We argue that institutional independence is key for regulatory intermediaries like NHRIs to conduct their work effectively. At the same time, independence should not be solely a formal, de jure feature; it is essential for it to also manifest as de facto independence. We thus investigate the extent to which the de jure independence of NHRIs matches their de facto independence, and explain variation. We measure NHRIs' de jure independence by employing quantitative data on 187 NHRIs. To study their de facto independence, we collect survey data on the participation of Asia–Pacific NHRIs in the Universal Periodic Review (UPR), a peer-review mechanism monitoring states' human rights performance. We show that regulatory intermediaries like NHRIs can be successful even when they lack full de jure independence. De facto independence is key, and is facilitated by both NHRI- and UPR-related factors.

Editorial introduction: Punctuated equilibrium, multiple streams, environmental governance, and many more

Editorial introduction: Punctuated equilibrium, multiple streams, environmental governance, and many more

Can the Belt and Road Initiative Promote the Industrialization of Developing Countries?

While industrialization has profound implications for human well-being, the industrialization of developing countries faces multiple challenges today. Based on the theoretical framework of development economics, this article discusses how the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) as a new model of international development cooperation can complement and improve the traditional model and analyzes how the new model can promote the industrialization of developing countries. The findings show that BRI has improved the traditional international development cooperation model in terms of emphasizing investment in developing countries, infrastructure construction, the principles of achieving shared growth through consultation and collaboration, the role of the government, and systematic and open development cooperation. At the same time, the BRI can facilitate the industrialization of developing countries by improving agricultural productivity, building infrastructure, capital formation, trade promotion, rural–urban transformation, and upgrading technology and knowledge. However, the facilitation effect depends on how developing countries formulate industrialization strategies keeping in perspective their national conditions and development needs and the international economic environment.

메타버스를 활용한 의료·돌봄 통합시스템 구축 및 활성화

The purpose of this study is to suggest a way to build an integrated medical care system using the metaverse platform and to discuss ways to activate it. To this end, after presenting the feasibility of the metaverse and the establishment of an integrated system as a literature research method, a plan for activation was proposed by analyzing domestic and foreign cases and related literature of the metaverse. As a result of the study, as a way to build an integrated medical care system using the metaverse, it was proposed to establish a specialized institution for integrated medical care service in the community, ease regulations on non-face-to-face treatment, and establish cooperative governance for social medical care care. Based on this establishment plan, as a way to activate the integrated medical care system, activation with users for social communication, activation of remote management of medical care recipients, appearance in real space, and activation of reconstructed immersion were suggested.