Cooperation Of Volunteers Research Articles

Prososial Relawan Trauma Healing Korban Bencana Alam (Prosocial Trauma Volunteers Healing Natural Disaster Victims)

The geographical location of Indonesia's territory is traversed by the Pacific Circum which makes many active mountain ranges in Indonesia. Reporting from National Geographic, as many as 90 percent of earthquakes originate from the Pacific Circum which are caused by volcanic activity. The frequent occurrence of natural disasters causes many losses in addition to losses such as damage to buildings, deaths and victims who suffer minor to serious injuries are victims who experience emotional problems such as depression, anxiety, excessive fear and worry, even PTSD. The existence of trauma healing volunteers for victims of natural disasters as mentioned above is really needed to prevent the psychological problems experienced by victims of natural disasters from becoming worse. The volunteers needed by victims are volunteers who are not selfish or prioritize their own interests, volunteers who have an empathetic attitude towards victims and are aware of people who need help. Such volunteers by Santrock are volunteers who have a prosocial attitude. This research aims to look at the prosocial picture which includes: cooperation, sharing, helping, honesty and generosity of trauma healing volunteers. This research is a qualitative research type of phenomenological study. Online interview techniques by calling each informant were used to explore data for this research. The research informants were 3 active Indonesian volunteers to date who have been volunteers for at least 3 years. The results of the research describe the prosocial nature of natural disaster volunteers based on prosocial aspects, which include: 1) cooperation: the cooperation of volunteers is shown by the volunteers' willingness to balance personal interests with the interests of the volunteer organization and also that the informants can respect other people who have provided opinions. 2) Sharing: the form of sharing shown by volunteers is that volunteers like to share their joys and sorrows with other people. 3) Helping: the forms of helping behavior shown by volunteers are Informal Planned Helping and Emotional Helping. 4) Acting honestly: The form of honesty shown by volunteers is being honest in their words, namely saying what they are and not cheating. 5) Generous: the informant's form of generosity is that volunteers like to give charity by donating the proceeds from holding webinars and raising funds online via kitabisa.com for victims of natural disasters

DIGITAL SOLUTION FOR CONNECTING VOLUNTEERS WITH ORPHANAGES AND NURSING HOMES

This article presents an overview and analysis of the digital solution "HelpingHands", developed for effective communication and cooperation of volunteers with orphanages and nursing homes. The Helping Hands solution is an innovative platform that provides an opportunity for volunteers and organizations to establish effective interaction to support those who need help. The article describes the functionality of HelpingHands, the platform provides convenience of interaction between volunteers and organizations, which contributes to more effective coordination of volunteer work. The goal of HelpingHands is to facilitate the volunteering process and improve the lives of children in orphanages and elderly people in nursing homes. The article emphasizes the importance of this digital solution in providing communication between volunteers and institutions, contributing to the creation of a strong and supported volunteer network for charity and social support.

VOLUNTEER ACTIVITIES IN THE SPHERE OF HUMAN RIGHTS PROTECTION

The article is devoted to the volunteer movement in the sphere of human rights protection and cooperation of volunteers with non-governmental human rights organizations. It is pointed out that due to the activization of civil society and the growing number of violations of human rights on the international arena, this issue needs to be studied in more detail. In order to study the nature of volunteer organizations, a retrospective historical analysis of the phenomenon of volunteering since its appearance has been conducted. Several directions of historical development of the volunteer movement are compared. In order to understand the role of volunteer movements in the protection of human rights, the definition of the concept is proposed and explained, their functions and features as well as the main directions of activity are singled out. The comparison of concepts, functions and roles of volunteer and non- governmental human rights organizations is made. Also, the definition of the concept of “non-governmental human rights organizations” is given, on the base of which the common features of the above elements of civil society are defined. Examples of state regulation of volunteering activities in European countries, as well as the activities of volunteers in the sphere of human rights protection and cooperation of the latter with non-governmental human rights organizations are analyzed. The importance of cooperation between volunteer organizations and NGOs is also emphasized, as well as the mutual benefit for these organizations.

The Art of (Up)Recycling: How Plastic Debris Has Become a Matter of Art?

Since 1907, when Bakelite was invented, there has been a dramatic rise in the daily usage of plastic-like materials. Today, its negative impacts are a part of scientific studies and public debates. Art and artists play a significant role in these discussions. They mediate between the specialist content and public awareness. This study is dedicated to the artworks of artists using plastic waste collected from the seashore. I organized their works into three lines, within which artists have different threads of plastic interference in the natural environment. The artists examine: 1. The future of a planet dominated by plastic products, like Bonita Ely’s work from the Plasticus Progressus series that predict post-human existence. 2. The conceptual metaphors of contemporary culture, presented in Bounty, Pilfered by Pam Longobardi. It is an installation constructed from fishing debris. 3. The “nature-cultural” forms, i.e., organic constructions created by human interference and modified by nature, like Crochet Coral Reefs. The cooperation of volunteers with Margaret and Christine Wertheim produced this artwork. The artistic intervention creates new cultural and natural forms. This kind of artistic attitude towards waste is a formal and aesthetic innovation of various materials used in artistic practices. It also makes a significant commentary about the future of Earth. In a discussion about art producing unnecessary objects, recycling artistic material seems more ethical than using non-renewable materials obtained from natural sources.

Key challenges and best practices in the coordination of volunteers in healthcare services: A qualitative systematic review.

Cooperation between voluntary organisations and volunteers within healthcare services contributes to the development of public welfare. The coordination process between healthcare services and volunteers must therefore be studied to understand associated challenges and best practices. This paper presents a systematic literature review of studies that have used qualitative methods. The review was conducted to identify the knowledge base concerning these issues. The search was performed in 4 April 2019 on five databases: EbscoHost, Ovid, Scopus, Emerald and Svemed+. The selection criteria included papers published between 1 January 2009 and 4 April 2019. In total, 5,340 papers were extracted; after removing duplicates and screening titles and abstracts, 49 papers were independently read by two of the authors. Ten papers addressed the research question and were thus included for further investigation. The Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist was used to check the eligibility of the papers, all of which were found to be of sufficient quality for analysis. A thematic analysis for synthesising qualitative research was used to identify key challenges in the coordination process and the best practices needed to deal with these challenges. The findings demonstrated the pursuit of a common understanding between employees and volunteers and described challenges in organising the associated work. The main solution applied to these challenges was the involvement of a volunteer coordinator. Although several identified challenges remained unresolved, the papers selected for this review provide an overall picture of volunteer cooperation in health services.

Effective practices of international volunteering for health: perspectives from partner organizations

BackgroundThe demand for international volunteer experiences to promote global health and nutrition is increasing and numerous studies have documented the experiences of the international volunteers who travel abroad; however, little is known about effective practices from the perspective of partner organizations. This study aims to understand how variables such as the skill-level of volunteers, the duration of service, cultural and language training, and other key variables affect partner organizations’ perceptions of volunteer effectiveness at promoting healthcare and nutrition.MethodThis study used a cross-sectional design to survey a convenience sample of 288 volunteer partner organizations located in 68 countries. Principle components analyses and manual coding of cases resulted in a categorization of five generalized types of international volunteering. Differences among these types were compared by the duration of service, skill-level of volunteers, and the volunteers’ perceived fit with organizational needs. In addition, a multivariate ordinary least square regression tested associations between nine different characteristics/activities and the volunteers’ perceived effectiveness at promoting healthcare and nutrition.ResultsPartner organizations viewed highly-skilled volunteers serving for a short-term abroad as the most effective at promoting healthcare and nutrition in their organizations, followed by slightly less-skilled long-term volunteers. The greatest amount of variance in perceived effectiveness was volunteers’ ability to speak the local language, followed by their skill level and the duration of service abroad. In addition, volunteer training in community development principles and practices was significantly related to perceived effectiveness.ConclusionThe perceptions of effective healthcare promotion identified by partner organizations suggest that program and volunteer characteristics need to be carefully considered when deciding on methods of volunteer preparation and engagement. By better integrating evidence-based practices into their program models, international volunteer cooperation organizations can greatly strengthen their efforts to promote more effective and valuable healthcare and nutrition interventions in partner communities.

A new method of deploying entomopathogenic fungi to control adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes

AbstractA new system for deployment of fungus‐impregnated black cloths was tested against Aedes aegypti. A “PET trap” was placed in a test chamber to evaluate attractiveness to female A. aegypti with black cloths covered in adhesive film or adhesive film only for 24 and 48 hr. Traps with fungus (Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana)‐impregnated black cloths were tested against female mosquitoes for different time periods (3 h to 48 hr) in the chambers. Traps were then tested under intradomicile conditions against sucrose and blood‐fed insects. Experiments were carried out to ascertain the minimum number of PET traps need to be deployed per test room and to test the effect of different periods of exposure to traps. Exposing the insects for 24 and 48 hr to a PET trap with adhesive film + black cloth resulted in higher rates of trapped mosquitoes (38.6% and 68%, respectively) when compared with adhesive film only (6% and 12.6%, respectively). Both fungal species were effective at reducing survival rates when mosquitoes were exposed to traps for 24 hr or 48 hr. Lower exposure times did not significantly alter survival rates when compared to controls. The results showed that five traps or three traps per room were equally effective in reducing mosquito survival rates when testing both fungal species. The results for sucrose‐fed insects showed significant reductions in survival when exposed to M. ansiopliae or B. bassiana for 24, 48 or 120 hr when compared to control survival, with the lowest survival rates seen following 48‐ or 120‐hr exposures. Survival of blood‐fed mosquitoes exposed to fungus‐impregnated traps for 48 hr was not significantly different to the controls; however, longer exposure times significantly reduced survival rates. PET traps could be an effective system for deploying fungus‐impregnated cloths in residences, facilitating cooperation of volunteers and reducing distribution time.

Effects of neoliberal adjustments on government-funded international volunteer cooperation organisations

This paper uses findings from a survey of 19 government-funded international volunteer cooperation organisations (IVCOs) to discuss whether past and future patterns of government funding provide support for assertions of neoliberal adjustments. Findings indicate greater competition between providers, increased accountability for aid effectiveness, more private sector involvement, and an emphasis on domestic priorities with a focus on the skill-development of young volunteers. It provides examples of these changes and discusses the implications of changing patterns of government funding for international volunteering as an approach to development aid.Effets des ajustements néolibéraux sur les organismes de coopération internationale bénévole financés par des gouvernementsCet article se sert des résultats d'une enquête menée parmi 19 organismes de coopération internationale bénévole (OCIB) financés par des gouvernements pour discuter de la question de savoir si les schémas passés et futurs de financement gouvernemental viennent prouver les ajustements néolibéraux. Les résultats indiquent une concurrence accrue entre fournisseurs, une redevabilité accrue pour ce qui est de l'efficacité de l'aide, une participation plus importante du secteur privé, et un accent sur les priorités nationales, avec pour axe central le développement des compétences des jeunes bénévoles. Il donne des exemples de ces changements et traite des implications de l’évolution des schémas de financement gouvernemental pour le bénévolat international comme approche de l'aide au développement.Efectos de los ajustes neoliberales en organizaciones internacionales de cooperación voluntaria financiadas por gobiernosEl presente artículo se apoya en una encuesta aplicada a 19 organizaciones internacionales de cooperación voluntaria (oicv) financiadas por gobiernos, realizada con el fin de polemizar respecto a si los actuales y los pasados patrones de financiamiento gubernamental sustentan las afirmaciones de [que se produjeron] ajustes neoliberales. Las conclusiones demuestran la existencia de mayor competencia entre proveedores, así como mayor rendición de cuentas en torno a la eficacia de la ayuda, más participación del sector privado y un énfasis en las prioridades nacionales, centrado en el desarrollo de habilidades en los jóvenes voluntarios. El artículo proporciona ejemplos de estos cambios y examina las implicaciones que los cambiantes patrones de financiamiento gubernamental tienen para el voluntariado internacional como enfoque para la ayuda de desarrollo.Efeitos de ajustes neoliberais em Organizações Internacionais de Cooperação de Voluntários financiadas pelo governoEste artigo utiliza resultados de uma pesquisa de 19 Organizações Internacionais de Cooperação de Voluntários (IVCOs) financiada pelo governo para discutir se padrões passados e futuros de financiamento governamental oferecem apoio para reivindicações de ajustes neoliberais. Os resultados indicam uma maior competição entre provedores, maior prestação de contas para a efetividade da ajuda, mais envolvimento do setor privado e ênfase nas prioridades domésticas com enfoque no desenvolvimento de habilidades de jovens voluntários. O artigo oferece exemplos destas mudanças e discute as implicações de padrões variáveis de financiamento governamental para o voluntariado internacional como abordagem para a ajuda ao desenvolvimento.

The generation and re-generation of social capital and enterprises in multi-stakeholders social cooperative enterprises: a system dynamic approach

Theories on social capital and on social entrepreneurship have mainly highlighted the attitude of social capital to generate enterprises and to foster good relations between third sector organizations and the public sector. This paper considers the social capital in a specific third sector enterprise; here, multi-stakeholder social cooperatives are seen, at the same time, as social capital results, creators and incubators. In the particular enterprises that identify themselves as community social enterprises, social capital, both as organizational and relational capital, is fundamental: SCEs arise from but also produce and disseminate social capital. This paper aims to improve the building of relational social capital and the refining of helpful relations drawn from other arenas, where they were created and from where they are sometimes transferred to other realities, where their role is carried on further (often in non-profit, horizontally and vertically arranged groups, where they share resources and relations). To represent this perspective, we use a qualitative system dynamic approach in which social capital is measured using proxies. Cooperation of volunteers, customers, community leaders and third sector local organizations is fundamental to establish trust relations between public local authorities and cooperatives. These relations help the latter to maintain long-term contracts with local authorities as providers of social services and enable them to add innovation to their services, by developing experiences and management models and maintaining an interchange with civil servants regarding these matters. The long-term relations and the organizational relations linking SCEs and public organizations help to create and to renovate social capital. Thus, multi-stakeholder cooperatives originated via social capital developed in third sector organizations produce new social capital within the cooperatives themselves and between different cooperatives (entrepreneurial components of the third sector) and the public sector. In their entrepreneurial life, cooperatives have to contrast the working drift, as a result of which only workers remain as members of the cooperative, while other stakeholders leave the organization. Those who are not workers in the cooperative are (stake)holders with weak ties, who are nevertheless fundamental in making a worker's cooperative an authentic social multi-stakeholders cooperative. To maintain multi-stakeholder governance and the relations with third sector and civil society, social cooperatives have to reinforce participation and dialogue with civil society through ongoing efforts to include people that provide social proposals. We try to represent these processes in a system dynamic model applied to local cooperatives, measuring the social capital created by the social cooperative through proxies, such as number of volunteers and strong cooperation with public institutions. Using a reverse-engineering approach, we can individuate the determinants of the creation of social capital and thereby give support to governance that creates social capital.

The generation and re-generation of social capital and enterprises in multi-stakeholders social cooperative enterprises: a system dynamic approach

Theories on social capital and on social entrepreneurship have mainly highlighted the attitude of social capital to generate enterprises and to foster good relations between third sector organizations and the public sector. This paper considers the social capital in a specific third sector enterprise; here, multi-stakeholder social cooperatives are seen, at the same time, as social capital results, creators and incubators. In the particular enterprises that identify themselves as community social enterprises, social capital, both as organizational and relational capital, is fundamental: SCEs arise from but also produce and disseminate social capital. This paper aims to improve the building of relational social capital and the refining of helpful relations drawn from other arenas, where they were created and from where they are sometimes transferred to other realities, where their role is carried on further (often in non-profit, horizontally and vertically arranged groups, where they share resources and relations). To represent this perspective, we use a qualitative system dynamic approach in which social capital is measured using proxies. Cooperation of volunteers, customers, community leaders and third sector local organizations is fundamental to establish trust relations between public local authorities and cooperatives. These relations help the latter to maintain long-term contracts with local authorities as providers of social services and enable them to add innovation to their services, by developing experiences and management models and maintaining an interchange with civil servants regarding these matters. The long-term relations and the organizational relations linking SCEs and public organizations help to create and to renovate social capital. Thus, multi-stakeholder cooperatives originated via social capital developed in third sector organizations produce new social capital within the cooperatives themselves and between different cooperatives (entrepreneurial components of the third sector) and the public sector. In their entrepreneurial life, cooperatives have to contrast the working drift, as a result of which only workers remain as members of the cooperative, while other stakeholders leave the organization. Those who are not workers in the cooperative are (stake)holders with weak ties, who are nevertheless fundamental in making a worker's cooperative an authentic social multi-stakeholders cooperative. To maintain multi-stakeholder governance and the relations with third sector and civil society, social cooperatives have to reinforce participation and dialogue with civil society through ongoing efforts to include people that provide social proposals. We try to represent these processes in a system dynamic model applied to local cooperatives, measuring the social capital created by the social cooperative through proxies, such as number of volunteers and strong cooperation with public institutions. Using a reverse-engineering approach, we can individuate the determinants of the creation of social capital and thereby give support to governance that creates social capital.

Introduction to a roundtable on the governance of open source software: particular solutions and general lessons

In the spring of 2006, the editors of the JMG asked me to stage a roundtable discussion about the topic of governance of open source software (OSS). In a call for papers the theme was announced as follows. ‘‘Since the year 2000, the phenomenon of OSS is increasingly attracting scholarly attention. How do hackers succeed in governing a seemingly chaotic process of hundreds (if not thousands) of volunteers working together? How is this apparent self-governance to be explained? Throughout, it would seem to be important to differentiate the concept of governance into governance in a strict sense: steering the actual cooperation of volunteers, and governance in a broad sense: creating wider institutional conditions for the movement to flourish as a whole. The central question of this JMGdiscussion then becomes: what instruments are at play in open source governance— in both a strict and a broad sense?’’ Thereupon, the following set of questions was posed to the participants in order to open up discussion:

Coordination of multi-scales in chemical engineering

The work of chemical engineers involves an enormous range of scales: from molecules in nano-meters to the globe in mega-meters, and from molecular rotation in pico-seconds to global warming in giga-seconds. However, most chemical engineers are specialists in only one or two scales, and coordination is needed to ensure harmony and productivity in service to the human condition. There are three historic successful methods of coordination: (a) a single all-knowing generalist, (b) the volunteer cooperation among specialists, and (c) the hierarchical command of specialists. The numerous opportunities and threats today urgently require coordination among scales, and the volunteer cooperation method seems the most appropriate for the future since the complexities of the problems involved transcend the competence of any single organization.

Placement of the Bravo wireless pH monitoring capsule onto the gastric wall under endoscopic guidance

The Bravo system was designed mainly to monitor esophageal pH, and there have been no reports on gastric pH monitoring using this system. To place the Bravo capsule on the gastric wall and monitor gastric pH. Experimental clinical trial with the cooperation of volunteers. Academic medical center. Eleven volunteers (9 men, 2 women; mean age 38 years; 3 had symptoms of GERD). The Bravo system was introduced into the esophagus and stomach along a thin endoscope and capsules were attached, one each to the esophageal and gastric walls under direct vision through the endoscope. Esophageal and gastric pHs were simultaneously monitored. The 2 capsules were successfully placed in 10 of the 11 subjects, and both esophageal and gastric pHs were monitored for 48 hours in 9 subjects. Mild to moderate precordial pain was observed in 7 subjects, but no other complications or side effects were observed in this study. The gastric pH of 10 subjects increased after meals and returned to baseline pH 2 hours later. Decrease of esophageal pH was observed 1 hour after a meal in the symptomatic subjects and corresponded to the time when gastric pH decreased secondary to the increase of pH with meals. The Bravo capsule is easily placed on the gastric wall under endoscopic assistance and enables long ambulatory monitoring of gastric pH.

第Ｉ相試験の健康成人ボランティアを対象とした治験に対する意識調査

After the renovation of Good Clinical Practice (GCP), the industrial sponsors and medical institutions have improved their practice. However, the clinical trials greatly depend upon the understanding and cooperation of participating volunteers. The survey of Kobayashi et al. on Phase II/III Trials, revealed that participating patients generally had a good impression. We conducted a questionnaire on healthy volunteers to clarify whether a difference may exist.Those who participated in a Phase I Trial after April 2001 at the six participating institutions were enrolled in the study. The questionnaire covered 31 topics related to the impression before and after participating in their first trial, general impression on the trial and others from between October 2004 and January 2005. Analysis of the data (without personal information) was conducted at St. Marianna University.Healthy volunteers had almost the same impression of Clinical Trials as diseased patients in Phase II/III Trails. The study revealed that they wished for trials for new drug development to widely inform the public, and be carried out safely, but also in an active manner. We concluded that it is important to keep ourselves attentive to the public/volunteer opinion, and to continue to carry out good practice in Clinical Trials with a good relationship between and cooperation of volunteers and patients.

An evaluation of 24-hour urinary creatinine excretion for use in identification of incomplete urine collections and adjustment of absorbed dose of pesticides.

The accurate quantification of the absorbed dose of pesticides following occupational exposures generally requires complete 24-hour urine collections, often over extended periods of time. Difficulty in obtaining volunteer cooperation may result in incomplete urine collections. Traditionally, 24-hour urinary creatinine has been used to identify incomplete urine samples and has been used to standardize pesticide and other chemical dose estimates. More recently, the use of creatinine to standardize dose estimates has been questioned, as has its utility in the identification of incomplete urine collections. This research evaluates the use of personal observation, statistical methods, and published models to predict creatinine excretion to identify and adjust for incomplete urine collections. Based on the use of published creatinine prediction models, an evaluation of the day-to-day creatinine excretion within subjects, and personal observation, a small number of suspected urine samples were identified. Although it is likely that these samples were incomplete, correction of these urine volumes based on the published models did little to improve pesticide dose prediction. Further, results indicate that subjects who report missed urine samples may be able to estimate the missing volumes with some accuracy. In future pesticide exposure studies, the use of self-reported missed volumes may help to increase the accuracy of dose prediction when there is strong cooperation with collection procedures. A statistical model to predict creatinine excretion in professional turf applicators was developed to provide a preliminary screening for urinary completeness for future studies in which compliance with urinary collection is thought to be insufficient.

The Heritage Harbour Health Group: doing it our way.

The Heritage Harbour Health Group is a privately run, nonprofit health care organization founded by the residents of a retirement community for their own use. Such a facility is an original concept, and this article describes how home health care is being provided with a unique blend of professional and volunteer cooperation. Health care professionals may find information and inspiration to conduct their own research into similar programs.

THE PORT BOLIVAR, TEXAS OIL SPILL—A CASE HISTORY OF OILED BIRD SURVIVAL1

ABSTRACT On March 9, 1982 oil from an unknown offshore source began to wash ashore near Port Bolivar, Texas. Beach cleanup was coordinated between the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Coast Guard, and local authorities. Oiled sand was removed from the beach and stockpiled for local use in road construction. Oiled lesser scaup (Aythya affinis) appeared on the beach almost as soon as the oil did. The Fish and Wildlife Service coordinated volunteer efforts at capturing and cleaning the scaup. A total of 37 birds were captured, with 19 brids being taken in one night outing. Oiled bird cleaning began on March 10 and was completed on March 12. Procedures followed those described by Williams.3 Five scaup were washed three times, 31 washed twice, and one washed once. Thirty-five scaup were released on March 15 and two on April 27. No birds died during cleaning and the survival rate of the released birds is estimated to be 89 to 97 percent. Three factors were responsible for this successful oiled bird cleanup: advance preparation in the stockpiling of supplies and the training of volunteers; the availability of an adequate cleanup station; and the cooperation of volunteers and government agencies.

Cooperation of Volunteers and Professionals in Social Services

Cooperation of Volunteers and Professionals in Social Services

Is Curable Lung Cancer Detected by Semiannual Screening?

For ten years, a population of 6,136 male volunteers aged 45 years and over was screened every six months with 70-mm chest photofluorograms and with questionnaires regarding symptoms; 121 developed bronchogenic carcinoma. Only 8% of the men with cancer survived five years. Intervals between detection of the cancers and prior films read "negative" for cancer varied with volunteer cooperation. The five-year survival rate was 12% for 67 men whose tumors were detected within six months of a negative roentgenogram and 4% for 54 with intervals exceeding six months. In each of these two groups, some cases were found by the screen and some came to medical attention as a result of clinical illness. When cancer was detected by the screen, the survival curves were similar regardless of the interval between detection and the prior negative roentgenogram.