Cooking Recipes Research Articles

個人の状況を考慮した"かんたん"なレシピの推薦

個人の状況を考慮した"かんたん"なレシピの推薦

Brazil: The Road to Democracy

In the last 25 years, the democratic issue has dominated the agenda of Brazilian political science. After two decades of military rule and past frustrations in democratizing the political order, the successes and failures of the ongoing demo cratic experience have mobilized the attention of scholars and policy-oriented analysts. Many of the publications on the subject have not had a long lasting impact, being too centered on transient contextual factors. This is not the case for the books that we examine here. We look at two publications that contribute from distinctive angles to a clearer understanding of diverse aspects of Brazilian politics. The first publication is the volume edited by Ranulfo Melo and Alcantara Saez, which provides a broad overview of the performance of democracy in the country. The interplay among the powers, the party system, electoral behavior, and new forms of participation are some of the many dimensions under scrutiny. The second book under consideration is an appraisal of the new terms of interaction between the State and market in the process of consolidation. Renato Boschi and Eli Diniz focus on the new model under construction, one that takes the country away from the classic state-led growth model inaugurated in the 1930s, as well as from the neoliberal one that later became the cooking recipe advertised for the developing world.

Traditional uses of plants in the Eastern Riviera (Liguria, Italy)

Aim of the study The aim of the present study was to explore the traditional plant knowledge of a zone of the Ligurian coast, known as Riviera spezzina (RS), Eastern Liguria, Italy. Materials and methods Ethnobotanical information was obtained through open informal interviews. The informants were residents, belonging to families living in the study area since generations, and involved, at least partially, in agriculture. Results and conclusions A total of 120 botanical taxa were recorded. Ethnobotanical data included medicinal (40.4%), alimentary (46.5%), veterinary (4.6%), domestic and cosmetic (4.3%), magic and ritual (1.8%) and other uses (2.4%). Medicinal plants are used to treat a wide range of diseases, mainly disorders of digestive system, skin, and genital–urinary and respiratory traits. The key role played by undomesticated edible herbs, locally known as “erbette”, in traditional cooking recipes of RS was shown. These botanicals are rich in bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, vitamins, complex sugars, essential fatty acids and fibers, and therefore might offer a valid protection against pathological conditions. Plant uses by RS people were compared with previous ethnobotanical literature, concerning the neighbouring areas of Liguria. Our results highlight the role of the traditional use of plants in the maintenance of health and the prevention of chronic and age-related diseases.

The Strategic View of Biological Agents

What is a strategy? The term strategy has been used by many disciplines in a variety of contexts ranging, for example, from the game of chess and the Cuban missile crisis to markets, computer networks, political systems, cooperation, mating, parasitism, intragenomic conflict, and growth patterns. Despite this wide use of the term, only one discipline—game theory— has carefully examined the concept. In game theory, a pure strategy is a complete plan for a player’s choices in the game under consideration. A chess player’s pure strategy would thus have to specify all moves in all the situations that might arise on the chessboard during a match. Whereas in chess the pieces on the board are visible to both players, in many games players have only limited information about the objective state of affairs. In a number of card games, for example, a player’s one hand is not known to the other. Thus, players’ strategies must make use of the subjective state of affairs. This state is often referred to as the information situation or information set. Strategies can therefore be viewed as a map of information states to actions (adding the term “conditional” to “strategy” is thus redundant). For agents with memory, the information situation often includes knowledge about the course of play. This is of great importance to many applications and it demonstrates the richness of the strategy concept. A lot can be gained from widening the concept’s scope beyond that of pure strategies. What game theorists call a behavior strategy is a plan that assigns to each situation a probability distribution over the choices in that situation. This distribution may or may not place all weight on one choice. In a behavior strategy, the choices for different situations are stochastically independent. Another concept is that of a mixed strategy which differs from that of a behavior strategy as follows. In a mixed strategy, the player chooses among a number of pure strategies according to a probability distribution over these pure strategies—as opposed to choices during the game. To illustrate the difference, let us compare a behavior strategy with a cooking recipe. The recipe may at some stage contain the instruction to flip a coin in order to decide about mild or hot spicing. In contrast, a mixed strategy would flip a coin to decide between Italian and Mexican recipes. The concept of a mixed strategy can be extended to mixtures of behavior strategies.

Sweet nuclear medicine phantoms for scintigraphic sentinel lymph node detection: a cooking recipe

Sweet nuclear medicine phantoms for scintigraphic sentinel lymph node detection: a cooking recipe

Effects of thermal food processing on the chemical structure and toxicity of fumonisin mycotoxins

Fumonisins are Fusarium mycotoxins that occur in corn and corn-based foods. They are toxic to animals and at least one analogue, fumonisin B1, is carcinogenic to rodents. Their effect on human health is unclear, however, fumonisins are considered to be risk factors for cancer and possibly neural tube defects in some heavily exposed populations. It is therefore important to minimize exposures in these populations. Cleaning corn to remove damaged or moldy kernels reduces fumonisins in foods while milling increases their concentration in some and reduces their concentration in other products. Fumonisins are water-soluble and nixtamalization (cooking in alkaline water) lowers the fumonisin content of food products if the cooking liquid is discarded. Baking, frying, and extrusion cooking of corn at high temperatures ( > or = 190 degrees C) also reduces fumonisin concentrations in foods, with the amount of reduction achieved depending on cooking time, temperature, recipe, and other factors. However, the chemical fate of fumonisins in baked, fried, and extruded foods is not well understood and it is not known if the reduced concentrations result from thermal decomposition of fumonisins or from their binding to proteins, sugars or other compounds in food matrices. These possibilities might or might not be beneficial depending upon the bioavailability and inherent toxicity of decomposition products or the degree to which bound fumonisins are released in the gastrointestinal tract. In this review the affects of cooking and processing on the concentration and chemical structure of fumonisins as well as the toxicological consequences of known and likely fumonisin reaction products are discussed.

Some Econometric Recipes for High-Frequency Data Cooking

Some Econometric Recipes for High-Frequency Data Cooking

Mediation of transcultural nursing care in clinical context: a tightrope walk

Our wish for suggestions for a line of action regarding our contact with migrants in the clinical context has led us to an increased acceptance of "Transcultural Nursing" by Madeleine Leininger. However, an uncritical adoption of this theory without theoretical and historical background information produces in practice a stereotyped image of migrants, and a cultural rating of social and individual aspects instead of mutual understanding. Hence, from the present-day perspective, Leininger's model is not suitable to establish transcultural nursing care in practice. A theory not encouraging the analysis of socio-cultural backgrounds of one's own but the sight "from without" of the so-called alien--a theory that does not make interaction its main object but culture, cannot serve as a basis for transcultural nursing care. Up-to-date transcultural nursing care does not need the introduction of a specific nursing concept for migrants but an extension of nursing by a socio-cultural and migration-specific dimension. However, nursing care does not seem to accept this challenge, what with it being far easier to add the "Leininger Culture Care Theory" to the existing curricula as an additional model. Thus nursing loses the opportunity of grappling with the adoption of certain theories and models of other disciplines. Even though Leininger is herself a nurse, she has developed her model in her capacity as a cultural anthropologist using the background of anthropological theories. But, the supplying of transcultural nursing care demands also from cultural anthropologists an analysis of the concrete context of nursing care and its approaches. Only by bearing this in mind, cultural anthropology can counter effectively the danger of being marginalized as a fringe discipline, and of being reduced to the level of providing cooking recipes.

Destruction of organic materials by pressurized microwave digestion

This paper describes the utility of pressurized microwave digestion (up to 85 bar) for a broad spectrum of organic materials (blood, urine, milk powder, tissues). The “quality” of the sample solution was tested by the determination of Pb, Cd and Cu (additionally Ni and Co in some of the matrices) by anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) and Hydride Generation AAS (HAAS) for As. It is clearly shown that no universal “cooking recipe” can be given. The necessary oxidation potential is very dependent on the type of organic matrix and therefore the use of acid combinations (HNO3/HClO4/H2SO4) is generally necessary to obtain adequate solution of the sample. In some cases the power of the microwave oven was not high enough to digest two samples simultaneously. (Significant differences in the ease of solution are shown in the digestion of one or two samples). Some important improvements for sample preparation, such as moistening the powdered material with water and mixing well with the acid used before closing the digestion vessel etc., are also given.

La dieta cereal prehistórica y su supervivencia en el área mediterránea

Traditional Mediterranean recipes for cooking and consuming cereal grains are examined with a view to developing models for better interpreting the vegetal remains from archaeological sites so as to reconstruct ancient diets.

Nourritures de l'altérité : le double langage des Juifs algériens en France

Répondant à l'invitation de Claude Lévi-Strauss qui leur suggérait de « découvrir, pour chaque cas particulier, comment la cuisine d'une société est un langage dans lequel elle traduit inconsciemment sa structure », les sciences humaines se sont interrogées, depuis le début des années soixante-dix, sur ce qui, dans la tradition juive apparaît comme la forme la plus manifeste et quotidienne de différenciation sociale : les commandements touchant à la pureté alimentaire. Force est de constater qu'en parfaite continuité avec les thèses lévi-straussiennes, ces commentaires sont largement inspirés par la démarche structuraliste, qui tente de faire émerger de l'analyse des règles alimentaires un code éthique et social, et de rapporter des catégories alimentaires à des catégories et des structures mentales. Mais c'est à la source biblique essentiellement qu'ont puisé les analyses de Mary Douglas de la pureté animale, celle de Jean Soler sur la « sémiotique » de la nourriture juive, et celle de Francis Martens de l'interdiction du mélange lacté/carné.

Penn Family Recipes: Cooking Recipes of William Penn's Wife Gulielma (review)

Penn Family Recipes: Cooking Recipes of William Penn's Wife Gulielma (review)

A Fern Reference in Seventeenth Century Literature

word does not seem to occur at all in the King James' version Bible and is found only once in Shakespeare-in the oft-quoted reference in Henry I to fern seed as a prescription for invisibility. Shakespeare does have a reference to brakes in Venus and Adonis, by it seems likely that this does not mean a species but is a synonym for thickets. But if ferns are neglected in these two English classics of the seventeenth century, their mention in another type of literature of the period may be cited. An interest in log cabin life of early colonial times led me to a search for descriptions of various crafts of the period, including cooking equipment and recipes, and this, in turn, led to a cookbook by a most unexpected author. In a book auction list, a title by Sir Kenelm Digby, The Closet of Sir Kenelm Digby Knight Opened was intriguing in itself. Sir Kenelm is cited in most histories of science as the author of several essays. One, The powder of sympathy was given as an address before the Royal Philosophical Society about 1650. In this he ascribes to blue vitriol the virtue of healing wounds at a distance, and cites from his own experience the case of a stubborn duelling wound which was readily healed when a bloodied cloth was treated with the powder. In another essay on plant growth, he describes how the calcined ash of a plant can be caused to reconstruct the original plant. From this he reasons easily to conclusions regarding the resurrection of the bodies of departed saints, even those who may have been eaten by cannibals. 55