Cook Stoves Research Articles

Acute lower respiratory infections among children under five in Sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review of prevalence and risk factors

BackgroundAcute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTIs) among children under five are still the leading cause of mortality among this group of children in low and middle-income countries (LMICs), especially countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This scoping review aims to map evidence on prevalence and risk factors associated with ALRTIs among children under 5 years to inform interventions, policies and future studies.MethodsA thorough search was conducted via four main databases (PubMed, JSTOR, Web of Science and Central). In all, 3,329 records were identified, and 107 full-text studies were considered for evaluation after vigorous screening and removing duplicates, of which 43 were included in this scoping review.FindingsFindings indicate a high prevalence (between 1.9% to 60.2%) of ALRTIs among children under five in SSA. Poor education, poverty, malnutrition, exposure to second-hand smoke, poor ventilation, HIV, traditional cooking stoves, unclean fuel usage, poor sanitation facilities and unclean drinking water make children under five more vulnerable to ALRTIs in SSA. Also, health promotion strategies like health education have doubled the health-seeking behaviours of mothers of children under 5 years against ALRTIs.ConclusionALRTIs among children under five still present a significant disease burden in SSA. Therefore, there is a need for intersectoral collaboration to reduce the burden of ALRTIs among children under five by strengthening poverty alleviation strategies, improving living conditions, optimising child nutrition, and ensuring that all children have access to clean water. There is also the need for high-quality studies where confounding variables in ALRTIs are controlled.

Indoor Solar Based Cooking Stove with Storage

An induction cooker fed from a renewable source of energy like solar. Many people in the flourishing areas of the world struggle to cook with stoves that emit hazardous fumes and contribute to green- house gas emission; Induction cooking is derived from the principle of electromagnetic induction by inducing eddy currents in the coil that get excited in the ferromagnetic material to cause heating.Solar Powered Induction Cooker uses solar (polycrystalline pvmodule)as a source of energy. The overall setup is done in two stages, one is Dc to Dc converter stage and the other one is conversion of boosted Dc to high frequency Ac. Dc to Dc converter is required for boosting action because output from solar panel is very less. Dc to high frequency Ac conversion stage is used in order to meet the need of high frequency requirement(50KHz) in induction cooking. The output from the converter is given to an induction coil that produces the electrical energy which is converted to heat due to the resistance of the coil that cooks tahe food very quickly..

Connotation of distal bleeding based on modern pathophysiological mechanism and application of Huangtu Decoction for acute coronary syndrome complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage in critical care medicine

Huangtu Decoction, first recorded in Essentials from the Golden Cabinet(Jin Kui Yao Lue) from ZHANG Zhong-jing in Han dynasty, is used to treat distal bleeding. It is mainly treated for the syndrome of failing to control blood with spleen-yang deficiency. The connotation of distal bleeding is more extensive, including not only upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the traditional sense such as peptic ulcer bleeding, gastrointestinal tumors, gastric mucosal lesions, vascular dysplasia, esophagogastric variceal bleeding, and pancreatic and biliary tract injury, but also other anorectal diseases such as part colon and rectal cancer swelling or polyps, hemorrhoids, and anal fissure and other parts of bleeding such as epistaxis, thrombocytopenia, functional uterine bleeding, threatened abortion, and unexplained hematuria. Distal bleeding also involves syndromes of failing to keep part deficient and cold fluids in interior, such as nocturia, enuresis, clear nose, sweating, cold tears, and leucorrhea, and excessive gastrointestinal bleeding caused by anti-plate and anticoagulant drugs, unexplained positive in the fecal occult blood test, and other modern clinical new problems. The indications of Huangtu Decoction include not only lower blood, defecation before blood, distant blood, hematemesis, epistaxis, and other diseases in traditional Chinese medicine, but also three types of clinical manifestations including bleeding, deficiency syndrome, and stagnant heat syndrome. In the clinic, Huangtu Decoction can be used to treat acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, acute coronary syndrome complicated with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding, bleeding events caused by excessive antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs, unexplained positive in the fecal occult blood test, gastrointestinal tumor with bleeding, thrombocytopenia, and other acute and critical diseases. The dosage of Cooking Stove Earthkey, Rehmanniae Radix, and Asini Corii Colla in Huangtu Decoction is the key to hemostasis.

Cohort profile: Bangladesh Cook Stove Pregnancy Cohort Study (CSPCS)

PurposeThe Cook Stove Pregnancy Cohort Study (CSPCS) was designed to assess the effects of biomass fuel use on household air pollution (HAP) as well as the effects of HAP (fine...

Prototype Sistem Monitoring Exhaust Fan pada Dapur Huni Berbasis Mikrokontroler

The purpose of this research is to detect the room temperature in the residential kitchen when the temperature of the residential kitchen becomes hot and to detect if there is smoke in the residential kitchen. The problem faced is because many residential kitchens in Indonesia have one or more stoves for cooking, which causes the temperature in the residential kitchen room to turn hot and cause smoke from the cooking. To overcome this problem, an Exhaust Fan is needed as an air conditioner so that the temperature remains stable. The method used in this research is quantitative by measuring the results of measurements and testing the percentage of errors. The results of the study found that the overall tool was working properly, measurements at component points had obtained results and the percentage of errors was not more than the maximum error, comparison of the output results on the Pzem-004t sensor and multitester had been measured with an error level not exceeding the maximum error, it can be concluded that the Pzem-004t sensor has good accuracy, and comparisons in point measurements using a multitester and on an LCD with an error level that does not exceed the error limit and have an accurate level of accuracy..

Tembikar Dapur Masak Tradisional (Tuku) di Kampung Mambong, Kelantan: Sejarah, Tradisi Pembuatan dan Cabaran

Kampung Mambong in Kuala Krai, Kelantan was the only place in Peninsular Malaysia that had been involved in the making of traditional earthenware cooking stove. However, its history and manufacturing perspectives have never been studied in detail in prior studies. The present study was conducted to unravel the history, manufacturing tradition and challenges faced by the potters at Kampung Mambong in preserving the production of earthenware cooking stove. This study was carried out using the qualitative method involving ethnography fieldwork and a library survey. The findings of the study showed that the production of traditional earthenware cooking stove or locally known as Tuku was inherited by Che Bunga and her ancestors at Kampung Mambong since the 1850s. Like other potteries at Kampung Mambong, Tuku is made using traditional methods without incorporating modern techniques. In the 1930s, however, the manufacturing of Tuku began to dwindle, and its entire production halted by the end of the 1940s. The lack of experts and interest among the younger generations to learn and continue the making of Tuku are two main reasons why the production diminished in the 1930s and 1940s. Apart from that, the invasion of the Japanese military in Sungai Galas in the early 1940s had indirectly caused the production to cease. Overall, this study has successfully contributed new insights into the history, manufacturing tradition and factors that caused extinction to the production of Tuku at Kampung Mambong in the late 1940s. Therefore, essential proactive steps need to be taken to revive the manufacturing of Tuku because it is one of the unique heritage crafts of the Malay potters in Sungai Galas, Kelantan.

How to increase cookstove adoption? Exploring cost-effective dissemination techniques in Central Mozambique

The adoption and usage of improved cookstoves have been promoted in the Global South to mitigate the adverse effects of relying on solid biomass for cooking. However, the uptake and continued use of improved cookstoves remain low. Several behavioral changing techniques have been used to increase the adoption of improved cooking stoves. Still, the monetary costs involved in the dissemination process are generally neglected, and few studies follow an experimental design to evaluate the impact of different stove dissemination approaches. Thus, we conducted an experiment to explore the cost-effectiveness of dissemination approaches and measure their effect on improved cookstoves adoption in Central Mozambique. Forty communities were randomly assigned to receive one of the following treatments: (1) individual video training, (2) on-site group training or (3) a combination of both. In total, 620 households we randomly selected from the 40 communities to participate in the study and 510 were included in the final analysis. The rates of adoption within each treatment were 53 % for individual video training, 21 % for on-site group training and 47 % for the combination of both. The monetary training costs were lower for individual video training, which stimulated the early and sustained adoption of improved cook stoves. Our findings provide strong evidence that the tool used for capacity building affects the adoption of improved cookstoves. Extension agencies should be aware of cost-effectiveness and adjust dissemination approaches to achieve the highest impact per unit of resource expenditure.

Air Quality Modeling of Cooking Stove Emissions and Exposure Assessment in Rural Areas

Cooking stoves produce significant emissions of PM2.5 in homes, causing major health impacts in rural communities. The installation of chimneys in cooking stoves has been documented to substantially reduce indoor emissions compared to those of traditional open fires. Majority of the emissions pass through chimneys to the outdoors, while some fraction of the emissions leak directly into the indoor air, which is defined as fugitive emission. Indoor PM2.5 concentrations are then the result of such fugitive emissions and the infiltration of outdoor neighborhood pollutants. This study uses a combination of the one-contaminant box model and dispersion models to estimate the indoor PM2.5 household concentration. The results show that the contributions of outdoor infiltration to indoor PM2.5 concentrations increase with higher packing densities and ventilation rates. For a case study, under WHO recommended ventilation conditions, the 24 h average mass concentration is ~21 μg/m3, with fugitive concentration accounting for ~90% of the total exposure for highly packed communities. These results help to identify the potential benefits of intervention strategies in regions that use chimney stoves.

Human-Centered Design (HCD) of Rural Cooking Stove

Human-Centered Design (HCD) of Rural Cooking Stove

Rural Households’ Behaviour towards Modern Energy Technology Adoption Choices in East Gojjam Zone of Ethiopia: A Multivariate Probit Regression Analysis

Many rural communities in developing countries continue to rely on biomass for energy, which has a negative impact on their socioeconomic development. Following the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals—zero hunger and affordable modern/clean energy for all—many developing nations are now taking substantial initiatives to enhance rural clean energy access. As a result, this research explored rural household behaviors toward adopting alternative modern energy sources in East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia. In an attempt to do so, 317 rural households were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using the multivariate probit (MVP) model. According to the MVP model results, education level, land size, credit availability, awareness, distance to market, and early neighbor adopters have positive effects on the choice of solar energy sources, whereas livestock holding, household income, extension contact, distance to biomass sources, and training access have negative effects. Besides this, the estimated MVP for improved cook stoves is positively influenced by livestock holding, income, extension contact, distance to biomass sources, awareness, training access, and early adopters. In contrast, education level, household size, agricultural experience, land size, access to credit, and distance to market all have a negative influence. Moreover, extension contact, distance to biomass sources, and availability of training have a positive impact on the choice of biogas energy sources, whereas credit access, awareness, distance to market, and early adopters have a negative effect. Regarding the propensity to use modern energy sources in the study area, infrastructural development was identified as critical.

Semi-Systematic Literature Review on the Contribution of Hydrogen to Universal Access to Energy in the Rationale of Sustainable Development Goal Target 7.1

As part of the United Nations’ (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 7 (SDG7), SDG target 7.1 recognizes universal electrification and the provision of clean cooking fuel as two fundamental challenges for global society. Faltering progress toward SDG target 7.1 calls for innovative technologies to stimulate advancements. Hydrogen has been proposed as a versatile energy carrier to be applied in both pillars of SDG target 7.1: electrification and clean cooking. This paper conducts a semi-systematic literature review to provide the status quo of research on the application of hydrogen in the rationale of SDG 7.1, covering the technical integration pathways, as well as the key economic, environmental, and social aspects of its use. We identify decisive factors for the future development of hydrogen use in the rationale of SDG target 7.1 and, by complementing our analysis with insights from the related literature, propose future avenues of research. The literature on electrification proposes that hydrogen can serve as a backup power supply in rural off-grid communities. While common electrification efforts aim to supply appliances that use lower amounts of electricity, a hydrogen-based power supply can satisfy appliances with higher power demands including electric cook stoves, while simultaneously supporting clean cooking efforts. Alternatively, with the exclusive aim of stimulating clean cooking, hydrogen is proposed to be used as a clean cooking fuel via direct combustion in distribution and utilization infrastructures analogous to Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG). While expected economic and technical developments are seen as likely to render hydrogen technologies economically competitive with conventional fossil fuels in the future, the potential of renewably produced hydrogen usage to reduce climate-change impacts and point-of-use emissions is already evident today. Social benefits are likely when meeting essential safety standards, as a hydrogen-based power supply offers service on a high tier that might overachieve SDG 7.1 ambitions, while hydrogen cooking via combustion fits into the existing social habits of LPG users. However, the literature lacks clear evidence on the social impact of hydrogen usage. Impact assessments of demonstration projects are required to fill this research gap.

Light absorption properties of black carbon and brown carbon emitted from biomass combustion at the typical rural cooking stoves in Bangladesh

Light absorption properties of black carbon and brown carbon emitted from biomass combustion at the typical rural cooking stoves in Bangladesh

Safety certification of improved biomass cooking stoves—A test method for tipping, sliding, and spilling stability

Usage of inefficient and unsafe cookstoves is a cause of significant health losses and injuries in low-income communities. Efforts to develop and disseminate clean cookstoves have concentrated on optimizing thermal and emission performance, but minimal attention was given to safety aspects. Discussions conducted by the ISO TC285 Technical Committee are ongoing on the derivation of a universal biomass cooking stove standard that aims to guide the development and marketing of products that are safe and efficient with clean burning. Under this, cooking stove safety guidelines addressing a range of hazards have been issued to the community of practice. This work critically addressed the current guideline on cooking stove stability by pointing out the inadequacy of the test and suggesting extra tests for an improved rating of a candidate stove. With a pot and fuel introduced to the research, there may be three different failure modes for various pot and stove combinations, which were tipping, sliding, or spilling. The tests were conducted on an inexpensive purposely built “tiltometer” that allowed testing the angles for stove tipping and sliding, as well as cooking pot sliding and spilling failure. The results indicated that tipping angles for a selected list of modern stoves varied widely based on different shapes and masses, from 18° to 72.2°. Also, the performance of the three different failure modes would place the same stove in different tiers by the current safety protocol. Theoretical geometric calculations for the tipping angle were conducted, and the relative errors were within 2.9%–12.7% for the three different orientations. It is suggested that a revision of the interim stove safety standard should be promoted to incorporate the findings of this study.

Reuse of Sawdust in Developing Countries in the Light of Sustainable Development Goals

The several furniture-making phases, from cutting to processing to polishing, produce a significant volume of sawdust of differing grades. The extraction and disposal of such waste in developing countries with no established or sustainable methods is an increasing problem, frequently posing environmental challenges. Sawdust is one of the most underused wood waste portions, with mounds dispersed around the region, detracting from its visual appeal and causing other ecological concerns. This study investigated potential applications of sawdust as it concerns sustainable development. It sought to employ an extensive systematic literature review to establish that sawdust, which is often a nuisance at sawmills, may be put to beneficial uses. Four cardinal focus areas of this study are (i) energy generation, (ii) environmental protection/pollution containment, (iii) building construction, and (iv) water treatment/supply. Specifically, the study dealt with the feasibility of energy generation from sawdust through sawdust cook stoves, briquetting, and pyrolysis; pollution containment through sawdust-derived adsorbent; affordable building construction through sawdust-based ceiling boards and particles boards; and (iv) water treatment using point of use (PoU) sawdust-clay water filter. Based on over two hundred (200) published papers consulted in this study, it was strongly established that sawdust had found successful wide application in all four thematic areas with strategic connection to the objectives of SDGs 3.0, 6.0, 7.0, 9.0, 11.0 and 12.0. This research believes that emphasis on sustainable sawdust management can help transform the over 1.5 million tonnes of sawdust waste burned or dumped indiscriminately into value-added products each year.

Thermal performance of gasifier cooking stoves: A systematic literature review

A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the overall thermal performance of different gasified cooking stoves from the available literature. For this purpose, available studies from the last 14 years (2008 to 2022) were searched using different search strings. After screening, a total of 28 articles were selected for this literature review. Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were used as search strings by applying “Gasifier cooking stove” AND “producer gas cooking stove” AND “thermal performance” keywords. This review uncovers different gasified cooking stoves, cooking fuels, and fabrication materials besides overall thermal performances. The result shows that the overall thermal performance of different gasified cooking stoves was 5.88% to 91% depending on the design and burning fuels. The premixed producer gas burner with a swirl vane stove provided the highest overall thermal performance range, which was 84% to 91%, and the updraft gasified stove provided the lowest performance, which was 5.88% to 8.79%. The result also demonstrates that the wood pellets cooking fuel provided the highest thermal performance and corn straw briquette fuel provided the lowest for gasified cooking stoves. The overall thermal performance of wood pellets was 38.5% and corn straw briquette was 10.86%.

Estimation of thermal efficiency of dry leaves with dairy scum pellets and comparative study on their thermal disintegration under TGA apparatus and cook stove

Estimation of thermal efficiency of dry leaves with dairy scum pellets and comparative study on their thermal disintegration under TGA apparatus and cook stove

Estimation of thermal efficiency of dry leaves with dairy scum pellets and comparative study on their thermal disintegration under TGA apparatus and cook stove

Estimation of thermal efficiency of dry leaves with dairy scum pellets and comparative study on their thermal disintegration under TGA apparatus and cook stove

Communication Lapses in the Adoption of Improved Cook Stoves in Kenya

The effective improved cook stoves have been designed to offer environmental, socio-economic and health benefits that facilitates the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. However, there is low adoption of effective improved cook stoves among the rural populations in Kenya. This study therefore sought to analyse communication lapses in the adoption of improved cook stoves in Kenya. The Research Questions of the study is: What are the communication lapses in the adoption of the improved cook-stoves in Uasin Gishu County? The study was anchored on Constructivist Paradigm and Qualitative research approach was adopted for the study. The study is a case study of Uasin Gishu County in Kenya. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 20 respondents for the study and the Qualitative data was collected using interviews research instruments. Thematic data analysis was used to analyse data qualitatively. The collected data was presented in the form of narratives. From the study findings, the study concludes that communication lapses have led to the low adoption of improved cook-stoves. There is limited use of Participatory communication strategies and media channels have not been utilised adequately to sensitise the rural populations on the health, environmental and socio-economic benefits of improved cook-stoves. It is anticipated that the study will be significant in emphasising the importance of using effective communication strategies to educate, create awareness and campaign for the adoption of improved cook-stoves and thus lead to the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals.

Technological Barriers to Adoption of Induction Stoves in Bhaktapur, Nepal

The relevance of providing access to clean cooking solutions is linked to several associated co[1]benefits that contribute to a wide range of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Most of the households in urban areas of Nepal use liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) for cooking purposes along with a gradual introduction of electric induction stoves. The main objective of this research is to identify the technological barrier to the adoption of induction stoves. Primary data were collected from 300 households of Bhaktapur Municipality and Madhyapur Thimi Municipality in March 2021. The result shows that a total of 27 percent of households use induction stoves. Twenty six percent of households did not know about induction stoves and 47 percent of household were aware of induction stove despite not owning one themselves. The finding suggest that the need for special utensil and unable to cook multiple foods at a time are the major technological barrier to the adoption of induction stoves. The research also identifies that elevated initial costs and an inconsistent electricity supply pose significant barriers to the widespread adoption of induction stoves. The chi-square test further established a statistically significant relationship between ranking of barriers and the adoption of induction cooking. An awareness program should be launched to penetrate the use of induction stoves in Nepalese society. The study also suggests a reliable supply of electricity so that the consumer can rely completely on induction stoves for household cooking.

Participatory forest management for improving livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation: Lesson drawn from the Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia

The study was conducted in Heban Arsi district, Central Rift Valley, Ethiopia to investigate the contribution of participatory forest management (PFM) to improving household's livelihood assets and mitigating forest degradation. Data were gathered using household surveys, observation, key informant interviews and focus group discussions. During the entire study, 231 households (131 from PFM; 100 form non-PFM households), 35 key informants (25 from PFM; 10 from non-PFM) and 10 focus groups (6 from PFM; 4 from non-PFM) were involved. The livelihood assets framework was used to organize and analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative data was analyzed using topic coding and building categories, themes, and patterns of relationships. The introduction of PFM significantly (P < 0.05) improved the overall natural (index value of 0.72 and 0.58 for PFM and non-PFM, respectively), financial (0.73 and 0.61), physical (0.49 and 0.37), human (0.62 and 0.57) and social (0.77 and 0.59) livelihood asset values of local communities and contributed to the mitigation of forest degradation. On average, households involved in PFM displayed a 61.6%, 45.7%, 30.8% and 24.2% improvements in natural, financial, physical, and social assets, respectively. Households engaged in PFM showed a 37.4% improvement on the overall livelihood assets value, suggesting that PFM households displayed better livelihood assets compared to non-PFM households. However, the overall contribution of PFM to the livelihood assets showed skewed structure, suggesting that the improvements deviate from sustainability. The existing institutional structure including bylaws contributed a lot to strengthen PFM. Yet, it is crucial to strengthening the protection of forestlands through improving rule enforcement and commitments of both formal and informal institutions in managing forest resources. Also, sustaining the extraction of wood and non-wood forest products and the benefits from as well as integration of other interventions in PFM areas such as the provision of improved cook stoves and solar PV could help reduce forest degradation, improve the sense of ownership among local communities and sustain PFM activities. Further, expanding capacity building trainings and improving access to market could play a great role to sustainably manage forest resources through increasing the participation of local communities in decision making processes.