Converter Topology Research Articles

Advancements in multilevel inverter technologies for photovoltaic-Z-source based EV applications: A comprehensive analysis and future directions

Global demand for electricity has risen, driving a shift toward sustainable energy sources like Photovoltaic (PV) systems. Despite their efficiency challenges compared to traditional fuels, significant investments and research are advancing the technology. This paper investigates multilevel inverter topologies, with a focus on Z-source technology for high-power PV applications. The study begins with an overview of the growing demand for alternative energy sources and the role of multilevel inverters in enhancing PV system performance. It discusses prominent multilevel inverter topologies, such as Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) and Cascaded H-Bridge (CHB) inverters, as well as control techniques including Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Predictive Control. Furthermore, it explores the functionality of Z-source inverters both with and without PV systems, highlighting their ability to provide voltage boosting, fault tolerance, and improved power quality. For load purposes, Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has been incorporated. The paper uses MATLAB/Simulink to compare multilevel inverter configurations and finds that the CHB inverter with Z-source is superior for PV applications due to its lower Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and reduced semiconductor usage. The study also simulates a hybrid storage system with batteries and supercapacitors. The paper concludes with insights into future research directions, advanced control strategies, optimization techniques, and grid integration methods. These avenues promise further enhancement of efficiency, reliability, and grid compatibility for multilevel inverters in PV systems. Overall, this research contributes to the selection of optimal multilevel converter topologies for improving the performance of PV systems and advancing the integration of renewable energy into the electrical grid. The findings offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers working toward a sustainable energy future.

Improving Circuit and Transformer Complexity for 24-Pulse AC-DC Converter Topology

Improving Circuit and Transformer Complexity for 24-Pulse AC-DC Converter Topology

New Interleaved-Input Double Float-Output DC/DC Converter Topology for Battery- Based EVs: Design, Modeling, Analysis and Experimental Implementation

New Interleaved-Input Double Float-Output DC/DC Converter Topology for Battery- Based EVs: Design, Modeling, Analysis and Experimental Implementation

Converter Topology for Megawatt Scale Applications With Reduced Filtering Requirements, Formed of IGBT Bridge Operating in the 1000 Hz Region With Parallel Part-Rated High-Frequency SiC MOSFET Bridge

Converter Topology for Megawatt Scale Applications With Reduced Filtering Requirements, Formed of IGBT Bridge Operating in the 1000 Hz Region With Parallel Part-Rated High-Frequency SiC MOSFET Bridge

Comparison and Optimization of Non-isolated DC-DC Converters for Electric Vehicle Applications

This paper discusses the importance of electric vehicles in solving the problem of environmental pollution. In electric vehicles, DC/DC converter is a vital part to connect many electrical units with high voltage bus, so it plays a vital and indispensable role in electric vehicles. The paper analyzes the disadvantages of isolated DC/DC converter, and concludes that non-isolated DC/DC converter is a more suitable technical solution for electric vehicles. The research paper introduces a number of fundamental non-isolated DC/DC converter topologies before analyzing the technical optimization strategies of a number of DC/DC converters in general. which are Half-bridge converters, Cascaded Half-bridge converter (CHB), multi-phase interleaved parallel converter, tri-level converter, soft-switching converter, and switched-capacitor converter (SC converter). The benefits and drawbacks of these DC/DC converter optimization measures are compared, the findings can serve as a technical framework for guiding the application of DC/DC converter technology in the context of electric vehicles. Finally, this paper analyzes and looks forward to the development prospect of flying switched-capacitor DC/DC converters (FCDCs) technology, puts forward the existing technical problems, and gives suggestions for the solution of these problems, which is conducive to the wider application of this technical solution in electric vehicles.

Impact of Converter Topology on the Shunt Active Power Filter Systems Efficiency

This paper presents the performance of shunt active power filters (Shunt APFs) which can compensate harmonic currents generated by no-linear load based on five and seven-level neural point clamped (NPC) inverters. Multilevel inverters are currently being investigated and used in several industrial applications. Their advantages include the capability to reduce the harmonic content and decrease the voltage or current ratings of the semiconductors. On the other side, fuzzy techniques are successfully employed in various industrial applications; they represent a good alternative to traditional control systems. To benefit of all these advantages an efficient control scheme for five and seven-level Shunt APF based on multi-carrier pulse width modulation (MC-PWM) and fuzzy control approaches are adopted in this work. The fuzzy controller is designed to improve compensation capability of shunt APF by adjusting the error using a fuzzy rule. The control strategy to identify the current reference uses synchronous detection method (SMD), this technique is easy to implement and achieves good performances. The numerical simulation results carried with MATLAB-Simulink and SimPowerSystems Toolbox show the effectiveness of the proposed systems and confirm the superiority of the seven-level shunt APF compared to five-level configuration system.

TRIAC Based Isolated AC Load Drive Equivalent Circuit Design of Solid-State Relay

Electronic main boards generally provide the supply and control functions of a system. All electronic main boards include inputs and outputs and are designed according to the design requirements. In this study, a safe and low-cost switching mode power supply (SMPS) board is designed using a flyback converter topology to drive the AC and DC outputs. The triode for alternating current (TRIAC)-based safe and low-cost main board includes a flyback configured transformer with additional winding for driving the TRIAC as an AC output switch in noise immune quadrants II and III. TRIAC is used to switch AC outputs instead of a relay, and the isolation distances of the safety criteria are provided by an optocoupler. In this way, the relay usage is over, and one TRIAC and one optocoupler do the same work that is done by one relay. In this way, the cost of the AC output switch decreases. In addition, the number of AC switches covering the area on the printed-circuit board (PCB) of the mainboard decreases. The flyback topology is designed with half-wave rectified and the transformer is designed with extra winding for producing negative voltage with respect to primer reference for providing negative gate current of TRIAC. TRIAC-based AC output switched, safe, and low-cost main boards can be used for white good main boards, automation (PLC) applications, and automotive electronic control systems. This study provides cost-effective solutions in these areas.

Sizing method of a novel hybrid energy storage considering adaptive inertia control

This paper introduces a novel hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with a focus on adaptive inertia control and its sizing methodology. The HESS is built upon the modular multilevel converter (MMC) topology, incorporating hybrid submodules, batteries, and supercapacitors (SC). The sizing method for the hybrid energy storage system in the proposed HESS is discussed, with a specific emphasis on its application in frequency response scenarios. The center of inertia frequency (COIF) is selected to represent the overall system's frequency characteristic. By examining COIF deviation and the Rate of Change of Frequency (ROCOF) during contingency events, the inertia and damping parameters of the HESS are designed. Additionally, an adaptive inertia approach is incorporated to further reduce the SC capacity. The analysis of COIF dynamics under contingency with adaptive inertia is performed, and an analytical expression of COIF dynamics is derived. Subsequently, a sizing method for the SC and battery in the HESS, considering adaptive inertia, is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed sizing method is verified through simulation results, demonstrating its suitability for optimizing the design of the hybrid energy storage system in the novel HESS configuration.

Hardware Implementation of a Single Phase 11-Level Novel SC-MLI with Reduced Component Count and Boosting Capability

Conversion of DC power into AC power at medium and high level utilize Multilevel-inverter (MLI) because of many advantages of MLI over conventional inverters. The MLI converter topologies have gained a huge attraction towards various applications like photovoltaic and even electric vehicles (EVs). This article represents a new switched capacitor topology (SC-MLI). The proposed SC-MLI contains ten power electronic switches and has a boosting capability with the help of one capacitor. It also uses two input DC sources and has a voltage gain of 1.4. Also, the capacitor is self-balancing and switches have less stress as compared to other configurations. Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE) technique is employed for the generation of eleven levels. A comparison is also made with the recently developed MLI topologies based on different parameters. Finally, a hardware prototype is developed to check the feasibility of the proposed MLI in the laboratory and satisfactory results have been presented.

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BOOST CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES FOR PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS USING MPPT (PO) AND BETA METHODS UNDER PARTIAL SHADING

Photovoltaic systems have become a popular renewable energy source due to their many benefits. Optimizing PV systems requires efficiently extracting the maximum power point. This can be achieved by optimizing maximum peak power tracking algorithms or testing different PV system topologies. In this paper, different topologies of dc/dc converters with two MPPT algorithms (Beta and perturb and observe) are tested to control the duty ratio of the converters. At first, the modeling of different DC/DC converter topologies to optimize the maximum power point tracking efficiency of photovoltaic systems is achieved. The simulation results show that the Beta algorithm gives a higher accuracy and efficiency than the P&O algorithm, especially in low oscillations with fast convergence speed. According to the findings, a parallel arrangement of boost converters is usually preferable to a series arrangement, especially for following changes in irradiance.

A novel model reference adaptive control approach investigation for power electronic converter applications

This paper demonstrates the viability and effectiveness of a novel adaptive control approach applied to power electronic converters. A methodology based on the formulation of a Lyapunov-based approach is showcased to represent the operation of a new adaptive controller for the regulation of two power converter topologies (Buck and Boost). The models of the Buck and Boost converter topologies include the parasitic parameters that represent the non-ideal components. The basic idea of the control approach is to demonstrate adaptive stabilization for the proposed non-linear system. The most important design specification to stabilize the system is to track the reference trajectory in such a way that the error on the output variable converges asymptotically to zero. This adaptation mechanism is explicitly designed so that the asymptotic stability of the equilibrium condition is guaranteed according to the Lyapunov theorem and sensitivity theory. The details of the design algorithm are explained in the paper. The proposed control approach has been compared to other Lyapunov-based control techniques proposed in literature for the same non-ideal converters. The results show that the proposed controller provides better level of robustness and performance than the other well-established Lyapunov based controllers. To verify the effectiveness of the controller in real time, a test bench has been set up with prototypes of both converters and the controller has been implemented using the Arduino microcontroller and the control system driven through the Matlab/Simulink platform.

Performance analysis of FEC based SR motor drive using fuzzy tuned PI controller

PurposeIn this paper, a new front end converter (FEC) topology has been proposed for the switched reluctance (SR) motor drive. This study aims to present the performance analysis of FEC-based SR motor drive using various types of control schemes like conventional proportional integral (PI) controller, fuzzy logic controller (FLC) and fuzzy-tuned proportional integral controller (Fuzzy-PI).Design/methodology/approachThe proposed FEC-based SR motor drive with various control strategies is derived for the torque ripple minimization and speed control.FindingsThe steady state and the dynamic response of the FEC-based SR motor drive are analyzed using three different controllers under change in speed and loading conditions. The Fuzzy-PI-based control scheme improves the dynamic response of the system when compared with the FLC and the conventional PI controller.Originality/valueThe hardware prototype has been implemented for the FEC-based SR motor drive by using the Xilinx SPARTAN 6 FPGA processor. The experimental verification has been conducted and the results have been measured under steady state and dynamic conditions.

Reconfigurable Converter Topologies for EV Fast Charging Stations

Infrastructure for charging electric vehicles (EVs) is highly demanded due to the rising number of EVs on the road. Stations for charging electric vehicles are necessary for the ongoing transportation e-mobility. In particular, fast charging infrastructures increase the computing ability of transmission grids that are already under a lot of pressure. The market's current energizing foundation takes a ton of room and incidentally causes gridlocks, which raises the risk of mishaps and hinders crisis vehicles. The cost of installing this charging infrastructure increases significantly because the current system needs a lot of room. To resolve these issues, this work depicts a Reconfigurable Multidevice Interleaved Boost Converter Topologies with Placement Algorithm for adjusting and a space-proficient charging foundation. Because of its insignificant electromagnetic impedance, low input and result voltage swells, bidirectionality, high efficiency and dependability, delicate switching, commotion free activity, low exchanging loss, and high effectiveness, this topology is the most ideal decision for high-power EVs.

An ultra‐high voltage gain interleaved converter based on three‐winding coupled inductor with reduced input current ripple for renewable energy applications

AbstractThis article proposes an interleaved high step‐up DC–DC converter topology designed for renewable energy applications, featuring an ultra‐high voltage conversion ratio. The converter employs an interleaved structure, resulting in a low peak‐to‐peak ripple in the input source current, which is particularly advantageous for solar PV sources. To enhance the output voltage, the topology utilizes voltage multiplier cells (VMC) and coupled inductor techniques. Two coupled inductors with three windings are integrated into the proposed topology, with the secondary and tertiary windings combined with VMC. This combination effectively reduces the maximum voltage stress across power switches, enabling the use of low‐rated and cost‐effective power switches for implementation. The article offers comprehensive operation modes and steady‐state analyses to demonstrate the converter's performance. A comparison is made between the suggested structure and other similar converter topologies. To validate the mathematical analysis, a 200‐W prototype is constructed, operating at a frequency of 25 kHz and achieving a voltage conversion range of 20 to 409 V. The experimental results are presented to support the findings.

Design and analysis of an improved voltage‐lift‐based extended quadratic gain boost converter with reduced voltage stress across components

SummaryIncreasing the voltage gain of traditional boost converter topologies necessitates an unsustainable increase in the operating duty ratio. Because of their inherent architecture, these topologies are incapable of shielding their individual components from the detrimental effects of extreme duty cycle operation, resulting in increased power loss and inefficient performance. With the objective of attaining a higher voltage gain at a lower duty cycle, this research presents a new quadratic type boost converter derived from an improved voltage‐lift (IVL) cell and the conventional boost converter (CBC). By including an IVL cell in CBC, the voltage conversion ratio is quadratic in nature, and the steady‐state performances are improved over those of CBC. This proposed architecture includes a few new parts, such as capacitors, diodes, and an inductor but no controllable switches, thus the close loop control stays the same. During the entire range of the duty cycle, the proposed boost topology outperforms the conventional quadratic boost converter (CQBC) in terms of dc voltage gain. In addition, the voltage stresses on devices (such as switch and diodes) and intermediate capacitors are reduced compared with CQBC. In steady‐state conditions, the voltage gain and design expressions of the storage elements are determined using time‐domain analysis. The suggested extended quadratic gain boost converter (EQGBC) stands out because of its multiple benefits over existing step‐up converter topologies. The suggested EQGBC has been tested by simulation and hardware implementation to ensure its key performance features. A laboratory‐scaled prototype is developed, which has the capability of boosting the low input voltage of 12 V to a higher value of 48 V at a switching frequency of 100 kHz. The experimental outputs are in close accord with the simulation findings and mathematical analysis.

Smart Charge Controller using Buck Converter Topology for Bicycle Power Generator in DC House Electrical Grid

Smart Charge Controller using Buck Converter Topology for Bicycle Power Generator in DC House Electrical Grid

Optimizing renewable energy utilization with high gain converters

This research proposes a novel control technique for optimizing hybrid renewable energy sources (HRES) by using a high-gain DC-to-DC converter topology. The Hybrid RES system comprises a battery components, wind turbine (WT), and photovoltaic (PV). The proposed control methodology utilizes an enhanced jellyfish search (EJS) controller, which enhances the search behavior of the jellyfish search algorithm through the incorporation of mutation and crossover operators. The converter is designed to maximize efficiency, minimize switching losses, and effectively utilize renewable energy. To achieve optimal performance, a dataset with optimum gain values is constructed using a minimal error target function and proportional-integral (PI) controller gain parameters. The EJS algorithm determines the PI controller gain based on the error in reactive and active power. Randomly generated gain values are used as inputs to the system, and the algorithm adjusts the PI settings by minimizing system error and optimizing power flow management. The inclusion of batteries helps balance renewable power and enhances output consistency. The proposed system is implemented in MATLAB and is compared with existing systems. The novelty of this research lies in the combination of the EJS algorithm with converter efficiency, switching losses, and hybrid renewable energy sources. By utilizing the EJS algorithm, the proposed strategy has the potential to achieve superior outcomes based on cost savings, energy efficiency, and grid stability compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, the integration of this method contributes to the advancement of optimization algorithms and neural network applications.

High-Gain Multiport DC-DC Converter Topologies for Renewable Energy Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Renewable energy sources have emerged as favorable alternatives for meeting ever-increasing global energy demand. To harness the maximum efficiency from renewable sources, dc-dc converters play a crucial role. While the design of dc-dc converters varies depending on specific application, certain features such as multiport capability and high gain are generally desirable. Multiport structures offer advantages such as compactness and cost reduction, allowing for the efficient integration of various energy sources, storage units, and loads. On the other hand, high gain characteristics enable the step-up of output voltages from renewable energy sources to usable levels. In recent years, numerous converter topologies proposed to address these requirements and enhance overall system performance. This study aims to assist and provide guidance to researchers in the field by reviewing and comparing the most recent advancements in the design and implementation of multiport high-gain dc-dc converters for renewable energy applications. Through a comprehensive analysis of the existing literature, the primary objective of this study is to facilitate knowledge transfer, identify research gaps, and inspire future research endeavors in this domain. By synthesizing the knowledge gained from these studies, researchers can contribute to ongoing advancement of multiport converter technology in the context of renewable energy applications.

A novel voltage lifting technique of switched-inductor cell based modified LUO converter topology for water pumping system

The persistent exhaustion of traditional energy sources with their impacts on the environment has been initiating a significant interest in a selection of renewable-energy sources (RES) based water-pumping system. Among several renewable sources, solar-PV is the most promising and practical source for water-pumping applications that can be easily installed on a building's roof. The available solar-PV energy is integrated to AC electric motor through front-end DC-DC boost converter topology. Among the various DC-DC converter topologies, a novel switched-inductor type modified LUO converter has been proposed for solar-PV powered water pumping system. The proposed switched-inductor type modified LUO (SI-MLUO) converter have simple structure which delivers high voltage gain with low leakage currents, low current ripples, reduced voltage spikes, low dv/dt stress and high efficiency over the several conventional DC-DC converters. The operating modes and performance of proposed SI-MLUO converter topology is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink tool, simulation results are validated with conventional topologies.

Linearized Minimum Current Stress Modulation Scheme of Single-Phase Bidirectional DAB AC–DC Converters

In this paper, the detailed steps for the derivation of linearized minimum current stress (LMCS) modulation scheme for single-phase bidirectional and isolated dual active bridge (DAB) ac-dc converters is presented. In order to reduce the current stress of the converter, a Lagrange multiplier method (LMM) scheme is designed to obtain the control coordinates constraint on the minimum value of the current stress. Compared with the conventional minimum current stress (MCS) control scheme, the proposed scheme realizes the linearization of power control, which significantly reduces the complexity of the controller algorithm. Moreover, the synchronous inverter control applied to the back-stage full-bridge is designed. Thus, the single stage power conversion is realized and the converter topology is electrolytic capacitorless, which promote the improvement of system reliability and power density. The impact of the ZVS scheme is analyzed in detail, and the adaptive-ZVS scheme for less system loss is selected. Finally, experimental results confirm the validity and feasibility of the proposed control scheme.