Output Voltage Of Converter Research Articles

Design of the Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and a Genetic Algorithm Controller for Solar Photovoltaic Systems Using the Boost Converter

The Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and an integrated offline Genetic Algorithm (GA) are proposed in this research. The ANFIS and GA technologies are employed to find the optimum point for maximum capacity in any environmental condition. Furthermore, a genetic algorithm is used to optimize data, and optimized values are used to train ANFIS. The power from the PV source is routed via the standard PI-controlled boost converter, and its working point always follows the MPPT point. When the ambient temperature and illuminance vary, the power may rapidly achieve a new maximum value thanks to the GA-ANFIS-MPPT P&O algorithm, which permits adaptive adjustment of the perturbation step. The new algorithm also reduces oscillation over the whole working point of the MPPT and enhances the boost converter's output voltage quality. The adaptive GA-ANFIS-MPPT P&O algorithm's benefit is validated by simulation on MATLAB has a module string, one parallel string, and a 250W PV panel. According to simulation results, the proposed GA-ANFIS-based MPPT can consistently and efficiently monitor the maximum power point of PV modules across various weather conditions

Direct Synthesis scheme based PID controller design for Boost Converter

This study's aim is to provide an introduction toa specific methodology for optimizing the design of a boost converter. The main goal of this optimization is to determine the best inductor and capacitor parameter values in order to reduce output voltage ripple, maximize efficiency, and minimize output voltage deviation. In addition, a PID control approach is employed to regulate the boost converter's output voltage using the Direct Synthesis tuning method. The simulation's outcomes indicate that the proposed approach significantly enhances the performance of the boost converter and attains maximum efficiency. This methodology and control strategy can be applied to various boost converter applications to achieve stable and optimal performance.

Design of Sliding Mode Controller Based on 7 nm Gate Logic

In this paper, a new discrete-time sliding mode predictive control (DSMPC) strategy with a PID sliding function is proposed for synchronous DC–DC Buck converter. The model predictive control, along with digital sliding mode control (DSMC) is able to further reducing the chattering phenomenon, steady-state error, overshoot, and undershoot of the converter output voltage. The proposed control method implementation only requires output error voltage evaluation. The effectiveness of the proposed DSMPC is proved through simulation results executed by the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. These results demonstrate its performance is superior to DSMC. The selected synchronous Buck converter in this paper has 380 V input voltage and 48 V output voltage that can be applied in sections of DC distribution systems.

Use of a Partially Saturating Inductor in a Boost Converter with Model Predictive Control

Increasing the power density in switched mode power supplies is one of the main goals in power electronics. This aim can be achieved by using smaller inductors operating at partial magnetic saturation. In this work, a partially saturating ferrite core inductor is exploited in a switching DC-DC boost converter, regulated through nonlinear model predictive control. A nonlinear behavioral inductor model, identified through experimental measurements, accounts for both magnetic saturation and losses. The simulation results show that the converter output voltage is correctly regulated and the imposed current constraints are fulfilled, even when partial magnetic saturation occurs. Comparisons with traditional control techniques are also presented.

Multi‐input multi‐output converter for simultaneous buck and boost voltage conversion

SummaryInternet of Things (IoT) devices, portable electronics, and electric vehicle (EV) accessories have increased the need for DC power distribution with various outputs. Multiport converters (MPCs) handle numerous inputs and loads with fewer components, low power losses, and less cost. Most multi‐input converters are time‐shared and restrict the duty cycle's working range, limiting energy sources and output voltage. Single‐input multi‐output (SIMO) converters have inductor current and duty cycle limits. In this study, a dual‐input dual‐output (DIDO) converter is proposed to overcome the limitations mentioned above. It can operate multiple loads without restrictions on charging inductor currents and cross‐regulation problems. Any variations will not influence the proposed converter's output voltage VO1 (VO2) by the load current iO2 (iO1). To verify the feasibility of the proposed configuration, a 250 W laboratory prototype has been developed, and experimental results are validated.

Power Quality Improvement in Fifteen Level PUC Converter for Solar PV Grid-Tied Applications

A fifteen-level packed U cell (FLPUC) converter with eight active switch counts for the grid-connected solar photovoltaic (GCSPV) application is introduced in this work. This converter has eight active switches with a PV source and two floating capacitors. This topology takes an edge over conventional configurations in terms of components required to achieve fifteen levels in converter output voltage. The mode of operation and switching states of the fifteen-level PUC converter are presented in detail. The active and reactive powers (PQ) control is incorporated for a grid-connected PV configuration, which in turn helps in an independent control over power injection into the grid. The maximum power operation is achieved for the first source connected to the PV array with the perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT technique and unity power factor is attained at the AC side. The voltages of floating capacitors are balanced at reference values using proportional-integral (PI) controllers to attain proper achievement of desired output voltage levels. Performance of the FLPUC based single-phase grid-tied system is analyzed under a constant and variable solar environment. This topology is modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and test results are validated using real-time emulator to meet the IEEE-519 standard for power quality improvement.

PID based on a single artificial neural network algorithm for DC-DC boost converter

This research focuses on developing a proportional integral derivative controller based on a single artificial neural network (PID-SANN). The proposed control strategy drives the direct current (DC-DC) boost converter output voltage to follow the desired reference value. This controller calculates the PID gains via a learning algorithm based on an artificial single-neuron network, which overcomes the computational complexity of PID gains using analytical methods and automatically adjusts the controller parameters. The developed PID-SANN method offers the boost converter the appropriate duty ratio, which permits controlling the output voltage value despite fluctuations in the resistive load or input voltage. The obtained results confirm that the developed method can successfully surmount the constraints of conventional PID controllers and direct the output voltage of the considered DC-DC converter to follow the required value precisely.

Effect of fuzzy logic controller on voltage stability of parallel boost converter configuration

An increase in electricity load causes a change in grid voltage and current, causing losses to customers. In addition, the source of electricity from fossil energy has also decreased. Therefore this study aims to provide a stable DC voltage source from solar panels, with a Fuzzy Logic Controller (FLC). The proposed method is to design a boost converter in parallel with its output. The boost converter is used to increase the DC voltage from 24 V to 48 V. In this study, FLC is used to adjust the output voltage of each boost converter. This is so that if one of the boost converters fluctuates, the other boost converters will supply a voltage according to the load voltage. The results showed that the FLC can adjust the boost converter output voltage changes. Whereas when using the PI (Integral Proportional) controller, a voltage spike occurs in the range of 0 seconds to 0.6 seconds and the voltage stabilizes within 0.6 seconds to 1 second.

Power Distribution Method for Single-Phase Cascaded Multilevel Converters Based on Space Vector Modulation

Cascaded H-bridge converters are interesting candidates for photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems, since PV panels and/or batteries can be directly connected to the input dc-side of each converter module. However, differences in the parameters of the batteries or variable ambient conditions may result in energy imbalances among the power modules. In these cases, conventional modulation strategies will lead to an increased distortion on the converter output voltage. Therefore, this paper proposes a generalized space vector modulation for single-phase cascaded H-bridge converters considering the power processed by each power module and maintaining a low-THD multilevel output voltage waveform. The proposed method improves the converter output voltage harmonic spectrum compared to the conventional phase-shifted modulation strategy in cases of power imbalance among modules. Experimental results are included to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method.

Performance Enhancement of Boost Converter for Solar Panels System using Genetic Algorithm

Solar Panels System (SPS) is a renewable power source with an essential drawback of low output voltage due to the effect of aspects like the intensity of light and ambient temperature. The DC-DC boost converters are significantly used to boost up the SPS voltage under a certain set of conditions. The converter's output voltage and current are unstable, complex, and varied. A three-term controller (proportional, integral, and derivative) is often used because it can control the system’s behavior effectively. The challenge is the selection of the optimum gain parameters of the controller. In this paper, the optimum gain parameters of the controller are selected based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) for the boost converter of SPS. The best operation function of GA based on the tournament, uniform, and constraint dependent is selected by testing and evaluating various genetic algorithm operators, while the objective function based on Integral Time Absolute Error (ITAE) is used to minimize the fitness function. MATLAB code and GA optimization solver are used for simulation results. The simulated results prove the effectiveness of the proposed approach to stabilize and control the boost converter system due to the best specifications of the system. The proposed system enhances the transient response by about (40%) which leads to an increase in the efficiency of the system.

Design and Modeling of Hybrid Electric Vehicle Powered by Solar and Fuel Cell Energy with Quadratic Buck/Boost Converter

Considering technological advancements and international standards mandating reduced greenhouse gas emissions, automobile manufacturers have shifted their focus toward innovative technologies related to fuel-cell electric vehicles. Despite having an all-electric powertrain, fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) utilize a fuel cell stack as their energy source, which runs on hydrogen and results in the emission of only water and heat. Due to the absence of tailpipe pollutants, fuel-cell electric vehicles are considered zero-emission vehicles. Among fuel cell types, low-temperature and low-pressure fuel cells, such as Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), are well-suited for vehicular applications as they exhibit high power density, operate at lower temperatures (60-80°C), and are less prone to corrosion than other types of fuel cells. The main objective of this paper is to investigate solar-assisted electric fuel cell vehicles that efficiently integrate the fuel cell system with an electrolyzer and solar power to fulfill the fluctuating power demands of the electric motor and auxiliary systems. A novel EV configuration with a fuel cell, electrolyzer and onboard PV cell is proposed. An onboard PV cell can assist the fuel cell when the irradiation is enough to generate the power. During the idle conditions of vehicles, PV-generated power can be converted into chemical energy using an electrolyzer and generated hydrogen can be stored in a hydrogen tank. To match the voltage required by the motor and sources a quadratic bidirectional buck-boost converter is employed. The proposed configuration is examined by considering variable irradiance and variable speed values. To obtain the maximum power output from the photovoltaic (PV) panel, a Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm is employed to regulate the PV system. To enhance the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of PV systems, an enhanced version of the incremental conductance algorithm is utilized as the MPPT control strategy. Outer voltage and inner current control are adopted to regulate the DC output voltage of the QBBC converter. An indirect vector-controlled induction motor is used as vehicle drive. Simulations are performed to investigate the proposed EV configuration in MATLAB/SIMULINK.

Power quality enhancement of distribution grid using a photovoltaic based hybrid active power filter with three level converter

This paper employs a second-order sequence filter (SOSF) and proportional–integral (PI) controller to control a hybrid active power filter with photovoltaic (HAPF-PV) through three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) converters. The PV system uses perturbation and observation (P&O) method to track the maximum power point and drive a boost DC/DC converter. A reference signal of a shunt active power filter (SAPF) is generated by estimating the real (not imaginary) term of the polluted load current. The estimation of this term relies on adopting a SOSF and sampling that its input at points the load voltage crosses the zero. SAPF is responsible for compensating grid current harmonics. The suggested approach helps obtain fundamental real term of the polluted unbalanced load current with good accuracy and minimal mathematical computations. In addition to improve power quality, this system can produce green output using the PV arrays connected to the HAPF via a DC-link. HAPF-PV has advantages of power quality enhancement and distributed generation simultaneously. Also, in this system, three-level NPC converters are used in order to reduce harmonic currents injected into the grid by HAPF-PV. Escalating the converter output voltage had led to obtaining output sinusoidal waveform of the converter, and so in this paper, a three-level NPC converter with a neutral point is used to reduce harmonics due to PWM switching. Besides, a series active power filter (SeAPF) is presented for series compensation such as voltage sag/swell. The scheme was implemented in MATLAB considering various types of disturbances including the PCC voltage sag/swell, unbalanced load and changes in irradiance.

Study of Fractional Order PI DC-DC Converter Based on Dual Closed-loop Control

In this paper, the dual closed-loop control strategy with fractional-order PI is applied to the field of the DC-DC converter, which effectively improves the dynamic performance and static performance of the output voltage of the power electronic DC chopper converter. The open-loop transfer function of the Boost converter is obtained by modeling and analyzing the operating principle and small-signal model of the Boost converter, and the fractional-order PI parameters of the double closed-loop control are obtained by combining the frequency-domain analysis design method of control theory. The Simulink simulation model is built, and the fractional-order PI control model is compared and analyzed with the single-voltage loop control and the integer-order PI control model. The results show that the fractional-order PI-controlled Boost converter has a faster response and stronger anti-interference capability, which effectively improves the dynamic performance and static performance index of the DC-DC converter and provides a theoretical basis for the research of dual closed-loop control strategy of the DC-DC converter.

Modeling and Controller Design of a Hybrid Input-Parallel Output-Serial Modular DC-DC Converter for High Efficiency and Wide Output Range

Modular input-parallel output-serial (IPOS) DC-DC converter is becoming a crucial solution for high-voltage applications due to its flexible combination form without switching device pressure limitation. It requires high efficiency, fast response, and wide-range output for broader applications. However, the existing solutions cannot simultaneously meet all these requirements. This paper proposes a new hybrid structure with interleaved LLC converters and a DAB converter. The interleaved LLC converters provide the most output voltage with fixed switching frequency and duty cycle, while the DAB converter regulates the output voltage. The wide range output is achieved by switching the LLC converter module and continuously adjusting the output voltage of the DAB converter. Furthermore, a switching control method based on the sliding-mode variable structure is proposed to achieve a smooth and fast output voltage response during the switching process. Finally, a 0.3/0.9-1.8kV, 2kW experimental platform is established to verify the proposed converter's effectiveness and advantages.

Switch Fault Detection and Localization for T-Type Converter

Over the past decade, multilevel converters have received considerable interest in medium voltage applications. A large number of active switches in a multilevel converter increases the probability of switch failure and decreases the reliability of the system. An open switch fault can lead to a malfunction of the whole system and should be diagnosed as soon as possible. In this paper, an open-switch fault diagnosis method for a five-level H-Bridge T-type converter is presented. The proposed fault detection method and the fault localization algorithm are based on the switching patterns and the converter output voltage level observation. This approach is capable to detect and localize an open circuit fault for all switches. First, it is validated by simulations in Matlab Simulink and Simscape toolbox environments. Experimental results are also presented and discussed to validate the simulation results.

Design and implementation of a robust ANN-PID corrector to improve high penetrations photovoltaic solar energy connected to the grid

The best quality of PV energy into the grid is now problematic that is why this paper focuses on the design and implementation of a robust Proportional Integral Derivative based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN-PID). This technique used to ensure the regulation of the Boost Converter (BC) output voltage and the Three Phase Inverter (3 PI) output currents of a photovoltaic solar system (PVS) connected to the grid. The mathematical model of the DC bus and the 3-PI is presented. Applications under Matlab/Simulink justify the efficiency of the neural regulator. In comparison with the conventional one, the proposed method presents the best follow-up of the DC link voltage reference and a maximum overshoot of 3.16 %. In addition, despite the long time put in transient mode, the proposed method keeps better robustness and ensures an injection of current of a total harmonic distortion (THD) of 0.96 % against 2.18 % of the classical PID regulator.

A LCCR filter based harmonic suppression method for power quality improvement

As power converters have been widely used in renewable energy generation and motor drive system for the industrial production, the harmonics of output voltage of power converter will seriously affect the system power quality. To improve power quality of the converter, passive filters such as L-type filters, LC-type filters and LCL filters can are used, which have large volume and poor performance under certain conditions. Aiming at reducing the output harmonic characteristics of PWM power converter, this paper analyzes the frequency characteristics of LCCR filter and proposes a new parameterized model of LCCR filter. Based on the parameterized model of LCCR filter, a high-precision parametric design method of LCCR filter with resonance suppression is also presented in this paper. The frequency characteristics of LCCR filter are designed by a set of four-element methods with frequency characteristic parameters, which can eliminate the coupling relationship between the parameters. The frequency characteristics of the LCCR filter can be directly reflected by the defined parameter. The parameterized design method of LCCR filter presented in this paper can reduces the complexity of multi-parameter LCCR filter design, effectively improves the accuracy and rapidity of filter design. Both the analytical and experimental results validate that the LCCR filter can be accurately designed to suppress the harmonics caused by power converters.

Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Current Control for a Seven-Level Cascade H-Bridge Converter

This paper deals with the implementation and performance analysis of discrete-time sliding mode (DTSM) current control applied to a seven-level cascade H-bridge converter to track three-phase reference currents for a reactive load. The converter output voltages are synthesized using a modulation scheme based on phase-shifted carrier modulation. Simulation and experimental tests have been added to demonstrate the performance of the proposed controller. At the same time, the effectiveness of the DTSM is verified under transient and steady-state conditions, respectively, by measuring the total harmonic distortion and the mean square error.

Multi-Objective Optimisation-based Robust H∞ Controller Design Approach for a Multi-Level DC-DC Voltage Regulator

In case an analytical approach to the selection of any weighting function is not possible, the selection process is usually a random and time-consuming process. In robust H∞ control theory, the selection of scalar, time, or frequency-dependent weighting functions is the main issue to shape the amplitude-frequency characteristic curve of the feedback controller. Therefore, we propose a robust H∞ control approach which utilises the multi-objective grey wolf optimisation algorithm (MOGWO) to obtain the optimal performance weighting functions in the presence of right half-plane zeros and limited bandwidth constraints. A trade-off design flowchart is proposed, providing Pareto optimal solutions to choose the optimal configuration of the robust feedback controller. The control method is structured by combining the robust H∞ optimal technique and the multi-objective algorithm. The effectiveness of the approach is compared with the non-convex single-objective heuristic solutions like the multi-verse optimisation algorithm (MVO), whale optimisation algorithm (WOA), and grey wolf optimisation algorithm (GWO). The focus of this design is to track and stabilise the output voltage of the DC-DC converter in the presence of external disturbances and parameter uncertainties. The optimised controllers are implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) on a 200 W interleaved boost converter. The simulation results and experimental findings show that the proposed control method provides supreme disturbance rejection along with maintaining the stability of the system.

Implementasi Kendali Tegangan Lup Tertutup Buck Converter dengan ArduinoMega

One type of power converter that is widely applied in the field of renewable energy is DC-DC Converter. In variousapplication cases, voltage control features are often required. One of the challenges is how to build a closed loop controller to control the output voltage of the DC-DC Converter. In this journal, an Arduino Mega based output voltage controller will be implemented. The type of voltage controller implemented is the PI controller with the consideration that the controller has been well-known tested and mathematically proven. The PI controller is set based on closed loop block diagram calculations with the Buck Converter as the main plant. The implementation of the PI controller on the Arduino Mega is based on the expected transient response settings. PI controller was successfully implemented in this study. The experimental results show that, the controller can maintain its voltage along with changes, both source and load voltage. Thus, it can be concluded that the Arduino Mega board can work well in closed loop applications for power converter control.