Converter Kit Research Articles

Study Experimen Monitoring Laju Gas LPG Menggunakan MQ 6 Sensor Terhadap AFR Pengujian Mesin Genset 160 CC


 
 
 
 ABSTRACT
 
 
 
 
 Usability of portable generators fueled by petroleum as a substitute for the community's primary source of electrical energy when the main electricity source blackout is still high demand, limited space for good air circulation will make emissions harmful to users or community, innovation is needed to reduce the levels of exhaust emissions produced by saving fuel or converting the fuel used, using monitoring system user could define how the engine working and make a decision to maintaining or modifying the engine, one of which is by replacing the carburetor in portable generators fuel engine with a converter kit using modified Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). In this study, the result of Arduino serial monitoring was displayed the lowest use of petroleum fuel was obtained at 36.3 ml/minute (36.300 ppm) at 1000-2000 rpm, consumption of LPG fuel is 5.650 ppm at 1000 rpm, and in the high rpm consumption of LPG is 11.972 ppm, result, the use of LPG fuel in Portable Generators with a converter kit has the effect of using more efficient fuel
 
 
 

Development and Implementation of LPG/Gasoline Bi-Fuel Engine Teaching Media for Vocational High Schools

In 2022, the World Liquified Petroleum Gas Association (WLPGA) reported that there are more than 28.3 million LPG-fueled vehicles used throughout the world with an increasing trend in the last 20 years. The growth of LPG-fueled vehicles will require more mechanics from vocational school graduates who master environmentally friendly technology. Considering the availability of resources, Muhammadiyah Vocational High School 1 Bandongan Magelang (SMK MUTU Bandongan) has the potential to complement the competencies of graduates with mastery and skills in servicing modern and environmentally friendly vehicles, as one of their uniqueness from others. Therefore, we develop and implement environmentally friendly automotive technology learning media, especially LPG-fueled vehicles at SMK MUTU Bandongan. This is an implementation of research on LPG-fueled vehicles over the last 10 years. Activities are carried out through (1) rebuilding and reconditioning the engine which will be modified into a bi-fuel engine; (2) procurement and installation of converter kits; and (3) increasing teacher competency.

Perceptions of Innovation Characteristics Converter Kit Machine and Its Influence on Fishermen's Income in Palembang City

The Oil to Gas Fuel Conversion Program is an energy diversification policy carried out by the government to reduce fishing communities' dependence on oil fuel, by assisting in the form of converter kit engines. The converter kit engine innovation is believed to be more efficient and effective than the ordinary boat propulsion engines previously used by fishermen. This research aims to identify the socio-economic characteristics of fishermen, analyze fishermen's perceptions of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation, and analyze the relationship between perceptions and fishermen's income. The method in this research is a survey method. The research subjects consisted of 51 fishermen who received converter kit engines. Data was collected using a questionnaire designed using a Likert scale. The research results showed that the achievement value of fishermen's perception of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation was 92.03% (very high). The correlation test results between the variables of fishermen's perceptions of the characteristics of converter kit engine innovation and fishermen's income have a fragile and insignificant relationship with a negative correlation coefficient or in the opposite direction of -0.185.Keywords: gas; innovation; conversion; converter kit; perception.

Converter Kit Technology Commercialization Strategy as A Solution for The Acceleration of The Electric Motor Vehicle Program

In Indonesia, motorcycle ownership is more than other motorized vehicles. However, the more motorbikes are used, the more vehicle emissions are released. So we need transportation solutions that are more environmentally friendly and energy efficient such as electric motorbikes which can be obtained with a converter kit by still utilizing existing conventional motorbike parts as provided by PT. A B C. However, many challenges were encountered in the commercialization of the converter kit from PT ABC, such as limited and uncertain suppliers, limited introduction to the market, and unpreparedness of Human Resources in product management. This study aims to analyze the constraints on the commercialization process of converter kit products as a basis for designing supply chain engineering proposals and appropriate business engineering. Based on the analysis of TRL and Goldsmith, it shows that the product is at TRL 8 or has fulfilled the requirements, but still has various obstacles. Based on the SWOT analysis, the company still has several shortcomings due to limited market interest, marketing strategies implemented, and price volatility. The results show that there is a business strategy design using the Business Model Canvas method to accelerate technology commercialization, one of which is through the expansion of existing partnership and marketing systems.

Performance analysis on the structure of the bracket mounting for hybrid converter kit: Finite-element approach

Abstract An electric motor mounting bracket is used in electric vehicles, especially hybrid ones using a parallel hybrid configuration. This study aims to analyze the strength and performance of the initial design and topology optimized design. This study uses the finite-element method (FEM) in the bracket design modeling by applying topology optimization. The topology optimization results show a mass reduction of 50% from the initial design mass. In the case of static loading, the results of optimized design 2 have a stress of 142.19 MPa and a safety factor of 3.09. While optimized design 1 has a stress of 313.8 MPa and a safety factor of 1.4. In terms of dynamic loading, the initial design, optimized design 1, and optimized design 2 have the first natural frequency, which is higher than the operating frequency of the electric motor, respectively, 100.49, 69.043, and 74.864 Hz. Optimized design 1 has the lowest natural frequency and the highest amplitude compared to the initial design, and optimized design 2 has lower damping characteristics. The study results conclude that optimized design 2 is superior in static and dynamic loading.

Pengaruh konversi mesin genset 160 cc berbahan bakar bensin dengan converter kit liquefied petroleum gas terhadap emisi gas buang

Usability of portable generators fueled by petroleum as a substitute for the community's primary source of electrical energy when the main electricity source black out is still the best choice for the community, limited space for good air circulation will make emissions harmful to users or community, innovation is needed to reduce the levels of exhaust emissions produced by saving fuel or converting the fuel used, one of which is by replacing the carburetor in portable generators fuel engine with a converter kit using Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG). In this study, the lowest use of petroleum fuel was obtained at 36.3 ml/minute or 0.406 liters/hour, consumption of LPG fuel is 0.159 liters/hour, exhaust emission test results obtained at 5.3% CO emissions from petroleum fuel and 125 ppm for HC fuel oil emissions, compared to the results of LPG CO exhaust emission tests. of 0.90% and fuel HC emissions ar LPG of 41 ppm, the use of LPG fuel in Portable Generators with a converter kit has the effect of using more efficient fuel and very low fuel emissions.

KADAR EMISI GAS BUANG PADA SI ENGINE 4 STROKE-LPG FUEL DENGAN VARIASI BUKAAN KATUP GAS

Abstract The use of LPG fuel in spark ignition engines continues to be developed, including the use of converter kits as a conversion tool from gasoline to LPG. However, the use of converter kits is not optimal because the mixture of air and gas has not been mixed heterogeneously in the combustion chamber. Therefore, it is necessary to redesign the converter kits that speed up the mixing process between air and gas. This study aims to evaluate the use of LPG fuel in spark ignition engines with converter kits on variations in throttle valve openings on exhaust gas emissions and exhaust gas temperatures. The research method used is an experiment with variations in the throttle valve opening on the engine are 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Data that will be compared on the use of gasoline and LPG fuels include carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC), and mean gas temperature. The results showed that the use of fuel between gasoline and LPG on exhaust gas emission levels in spark ignition engines with variations in throttle valve openings was able to reduce CO emissions by 92% on average, HC by 72%, and increase the mean average temperature by 17%. This shows that the use of converter kits at each valve opening is able to reduce levels of CO and HC exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. However, it is inversely proportional to the mean gas temperature, at each variation of the gas valve opening there is a significant increase in temperature. This is because the heating value of LPG is greater than that of gasoline.Keywords—Exhaust gas emission, spark ignition engine, throttle valve open

Analysis of Exhaust Gas Emissions on Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Single Cylinder Four-stroke with LPG-Diesel Oil

Diesel engine is one of type of internal combustion engine that is applied in industry, including the maritime industry. The increasing use of diesel engines, has a effect on increasing emissions. Diesel engines emissions consist of SOx, NOx, HC, and others. To reduce the emissions, there are many method, one of them is using dual-fuel system. The alternative fuel can be used is Gas, which is easily available, namely LPG or liquefied petroleum gas. To supply LPG to combustion chamber, a converter-kit are needed to be install on diesel engine. There are several previous research that prove that LPG can be used as an alternative in a dual-fuel system and can reduce the emissions. One of them by Ma’amuri (2016) who designed a mechanical LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel, using a membrane converter. Result of this research provide that good diesel engine performance. In this research, LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel using converter kit based on ECU or electronic control unit, and then, analyze the diesel engine emissions with experimental method. The purpose of this research is to determine the emissions produced by LPG-diesel oil as dual-fuel with converter kit based ECU. After taking and analytical data, known that the NOx emission from dual fuel diesel engine using ECU-based converter kit is lower than NOx emission from conventional diesel engine with B30 diesel fuel with percentage is 25,61 % for 3ms opening duration of gas injector, 39,99 % for 4 ms opening duration of gas injector and 26,5 % for 5 ms opening duration of gas injector. The NOx emission of conventional diesel engine is 2,46 g/kWh.

Transformation of AC to DC using Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Technique for Electromagnetic Inference

Before more functions of the circuit are integrated into several electromagnetic a single die or small integrated die or small integrated interference (EMI) people impacted by ac-dc converter kit, expanding. The dominant electromagnetic emission. In this paper Alternate Current (AC) - Direct Current (DC) converter source is delineated by gauging the ac-dc converter source of the nodes' power spectrum. The activity of the noise scanner is linked to a noise scanner, a crowded ac-dc converter single-chip prototype. The data revealed the converter's superior electromagnetic source of the emission is the switching node, not the output node. The technique of direct sequence spread spectrum to counteract the switching node toxins, the ac- dc converter should be used and its profitability is the temperature distribution and pragmatically validated. The Mathematical statement of the technique of direct sequence spread spectrum is proposed for the study of its pharmacokinetics in the significant decrease of EMI and optimal installation using the technique of direct sequence spread spectrum with 0.18-μm CMOSS, dead-time control is assembled and coding. The plotted reduction in the power spectrum. The optimum direct sequence spread spectrum technique installation and managerial staff of dead-time is the node at the 16 dB switch. The stock of the proposed declines in the EMI reduction. The IC-strip line approach improved the design by 12.6 dB on fundamental frequency switching.

Design of ECU (Electronic Control Unit) as Biogas Pressure Control to Micro Genset

Biogas fueled generator has a unique character because the converter kit on the generator has the characteristic of absorbing the biogas supply. Therefore, in this study, biogas is accommodated in a plastic container equipped with a valve that can adjust the amount of biogas supply pressure. Combustion in the Genset combustion chamber will occur if the ratio of air supply and supply of biogas (AFR = Air to Fuel Ratio) meets the stoichiometric number. So a ratio control is needed on air supply and biogas supply, which can follow changes in biogas conditions in plastic bags and generator loads. For this reason, this paper presents an ECU (Electronic Control Unit) that can regulate the ratio of air supply to biogas supply by using a servo motor valve, which is commanded by a control signal from the ECU. The resulting ECU prototype is equipped with a multi-input connector (to receive the signal output of CH 4 methane gas sensor and the biogas supply pressure sensor), multi-output (control signal to the servo motor valve), and multi regulators to adjust the Set Point value for the methane gas content CH4, the value of the set point of the biogas supply pressure and to tune the value of the proportional gain control (KP). The results of the ECU performance test by trial and error by giving a dummy input signal (analogy to the signal output of methane gas sensor and the analog of the pressure sensor output signal in the form of an electric voltage generated from the signal generator) can drive the servo motor, valve air supply, and servo motor, valve supply biogas. Accordance with the gain control input from the regulator.

UJI PERFORMA MOTOR MATIC 110 CC DENGAN KONSEP BI-FUEL (GASOLINE-LPG)

Converter kits are equipment used to translate fuel oil (CNG) into gas fuel (CNG) in convertible vehicles. The use of a converter kit with CNG liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) will be used to optimize engine performance while driving, but its use is not yet known among the public because it is not affordable and there is no transition from fuel to consumed gas. Therefore, it is necessary to design a simple converter kit, affordable by the community, and can be supported on two different fuels. This study redesigned the manual converter kit with a research focus on aluminum gas mixer components with variations in the number of intake mixers (1, 2, and 3) and added mixing zones in the mixer area, using 110 cc single cylinder motorized engine with carburetor fuel system with a variation of 1500-9000 rpm. Engine performance testing is done using a chassis dynamometer. The use of LPG fuel in various types of input mixers is able to increase torque and power on the engine. Engine performance test data shows that the best torque value on the use of LPG materials in input mixer 1, 2, and 3 holes respectively are 17.44 Nm, 16.77 Nm and 11.71 Nm, while for gasoline fuel is 16 Meanwhile, the value of power in the use of LPG fuel with the input of mixer 1, 2 and 3 holes is capable of producing maximum power respectively 7.1 Hp, 7.4 Hp and 7.3 Hp, while for gasoline fuel at 7.7 Hp. The use of LPG fuel with the number of 1 hole mixer input is the best variation compared to gasoline fuel and the number of mixer inputs in the other variations.

Studi Teknis Genset Termodifikasi Menggunakan Gas Alam dengan Variasi Tekanan Masukan

Setiap tahunnya jumlah pelanggan listrik di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Namun, di sisi lain, masih banyak daerah yang belum mendapatkan suplai listrik atau sering mengalami gangguan. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan generator set (genset) sebagai suplai listrik utama atau cadangan untuk daerah-daerah tersebut. Gas alam dapat digunakan sebagai bahan bakar genset karena ketersediaannya di Indonesia yang melimpah dan ramah lingkungan. Namun, ketersediaan genset berbahan bakar gas di Indonesia masih sangat jarang, sehingga dibutuhkan peralatan tambahan seperti regulator, kit konverter, dan alat pencampur udara dengan gas agar dapat digunakan pada genset bensin. Dengan latar belakang dan potensi tersebut, pengujian dilakukan untuk mengetahui kinerja genset termodifikasi ketika menggunakan bahan bakar gas alam. Metode yang digunakan adalah membandingkan kinerja mesin dengan memvariasikan nilai tekanan masukan genset, yaitu 0,5 bar dan 0,03 bar. Hasil yang diamati adalah nilai SFC, kualitas daya, temperatur gas buang, dan tingkat kebisingan yang dihasilkan genset. Hasil dari pengujian ini adalah tegangan dan frekuensi yang dihasilkan genset masih dalam batas normal yang ditentukan, suhu gas buang dan tingkat kebisingan yang dihasilkan ketika tekanan masukan 0,5 bar dan 0,03 bar relatif sama, dan nilai SFC yang dihasilkan ketika tekanan masukan 0,5 bar lebih kecil 5,7-25% dibandingkan dengan nilai SFC pada tekanan masukan 0,03 bar.

Low-cost ocean wave energy converter kit as a teaching tool of a new alternative energy source

This research aims to develop an ocean wave energy converter kit from low-cost materials as a teaching tool. The kit is developed using the working principle of a wave energy converter that uses a buoy as a system drive and a weight balancer that is connected to a chain. The dimensions of the kit are 6.7 × 0.3 × 0.4 m (length × width × height) with the ratio of the final wheel used is 1:40. The kit generated electricity when the system was driven by a buoy that utilized vertical wave action. The test kit was carried out in the marine engineering laboratory through three stages each using a wave period of 1 s, 2 s, and 3 s at a wave height of 0.1 m, 0.15 m and 0.20 m. The observed data was the voltage generated by the kit using a digital multimeter. The observed data is the amount of voltage generated by the developed kit, and each observation takes 60 s. Based on observations during the experiment, the kit was functioning properly. The results showed that with a greater wave period, the kit produced smaller voltage, and with a greater wave height, the kit produced greater voltage. We finally found that the voltage generated by the kit was affected by the wave period and wave height.

Performance Gasoline Generator Engine Fueled Liquid Petroleum Gas

The government has now taken a policy to replace the use of fossil fuel oil, such as gasoline and petroleum diesel, into gas fuel. A converter kit and the modification of air filter are used to flow LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) into a generator. In this experiment, a three kg gas cylinder is used as fuel to run a gasoline generator engine of EG 1000 N S Type which is produced by Honda. The engine has a specification to generated power of 220 volts with 4.1 A outputs and 0.9kVA (720 watts) when operated using Gasoline fuel. The electricity produced during the operation of the generator engine is 680-700 watt when fueled with LPG. It was found that the generator engine fueled with LPG contributes to lower emissions which are still following Indonesian government regulation standards with a threshold value of CO and nitrogen oxide less than 500 mg/NM3 and 400/NM3, respectively.

Converting Vehicle to LPG/Vigas: A Simple Calculator to Assess Project Feasibility

One of the reasons for the slow conversion program from gasoline to LPG/Vigas is the uncertainty of profit or loss. Therefore, this article presents a simple calculator to assess the feasibility of investing in vehicle conversion, from gasoline to LPG/Vigas. Input parameters include estimated annual mileage, fuel consumption, gasoline prices, LPG / Vigas prices, the cost of the converter kit and its installation, engine standardization costs, maintenance costs with gasoline, and maintenance costs with LPG considered to produce output parameters that include Break Even Point (BEP), Payback period (PP), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).

Economic Values and CO2 Simulation on the Application of LPG for Public Fleets in Magelang, Indonesia: Executive Data to Support the Clean City Program

The implementation of the ASEAN Clean Tourist City Standard caused restlessness among public fleet operators and the Department of Transportation of Magelang City. Therefore, this article presents the prediction of economic value and environmental benefits of public fleet in Magelang that will be converted from gasoline to LPG. Investment feasibility parameters, such as Break Event Point (BEP), Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PBP) are presented through three financing scenarios compared with the current gasoline price at the fuel station, RON 88 and RON 90. Simulation results indicate that investment is feasible with the government providing fiscal incentives through the procurement of converter kits. The wages of the public fleet crew under Minimum Wage City will rise by 30 % and 70 % to switch from gasoline RON 88 and gasoline RON 90, respectively. Meanwhile, environmental benefits are also expected to improve, with CO2 emission reduction of 320.46 tons/year or about 11 % of gasoline usage. These two benefits (economics and environmental) are expected to support the clean city program in Magelang City, Indonesia.

Kajian Menaikkan Penggunaan Bahan Bakar Gas Untuk Transportasi Jalan Sekaligus Menekan Pencemaran Udara

The use of fuel oil for transportation is the largest 56% of national consumption, and road transport which is the largest consuming 88%. In urban areas, transport causes 87% of air riollution that reduce air quality resulting from the use of fossil fuels. The use of gaseous fuels for transport has not grown significantly in part because of gas supply iifficulties. The main problem is haw to increase the use of gas fuel for road transport, especially in urban areas. Study goal is to formulate recommendations to raise the use of CNG for road transport. The benefit for reducing fossil fuel consumption without reducing public services. The method : s descriptive qualitative approach and comparison with developed countries. The study re;ults suggest that steps need to be taken from the development capacity of the source gas, 'ransmission and distribution, SPBG, slowfill and fast fill, socialization and supervision of nstallation of converter kits for public transportation, certification workshops, mechanics to nstall converter kit, pricing pro-society.Keywords: Increased, use of CNG road transport

Memacu Pemakaian Bahan Bakar Gas

Soaring oil price due to political upheaval in middle east becomes worldwide issue. Tiierefore developing countries try to exploit and make use of their natural gas and reduce import of oil. Usage of natural gas in the form of compressed natural gas (CNG) for transportation is the top priorihj in densed populated cities. TI1e objective is not only to diversify energy use but more important is to improve air quality. Indonesia started to introduce CNG in Jakarta in 1986. Unfortunately this introduction did not continue. CNG retums to the market when Jakarta launched its Bus Rapid Transit namely Trans Jakarta with CNG bus fleet in 2004. Local government of Jakarta wishes to encourage taxis, other public transport, and private cars in Jakarta to use CNG. But the response is not good, public interest on CNG is still low. TI1is paper tries to assess the main reason of sluggish progress of CNG program in Jakarta, taking Delhi case as the bench mark for the improvement. As the same problem also happened in other big cities, CNG program in Surabaya, Pelembang are discussed as well.Keywords : CNG, CNG filling station, converter kit, regulation enforcement

Mixer with Secondary Venturi: An Invention for the First-Generation LPG Kits

Engine torque and power are one of the problems in LPG applications for vehicles with first-generation converter kits. Therefore, this paper presents the results of the development of a mixer prototype to be applied to LPG fueled vehicles with first-generation converter kits (converters and mixers). A series of work is done beginning from design, prototyping, and ending by testing of prototypes to vehicles. The prototyping process includes design activities and machining activities. Design activities are carried out with Pro-Eng software and machining activities are carried out with a turning machine. Furthermore, the prototype mixer was tested on a 1500 cc engine. Output torque and power are measured on a chassis dynamometer with the standardized test method. The results of this study indicate that the mixer with secondary venturi shows better output torque and power than a standard mixer at almost all daily speeds for public fleet and private vehicles. In conclusion, mixer with secondary venturi is feasible to implement, especially for public transport with heavy loads.

PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN GAS LPG SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF GENSET UNTUK MASYARAKAT NELAYAN

This community service aimed at improving the knowledge and skills of the fishermen community of Pantai Jakat Bengkulu city in using gas fuel converted from liquid fuel. The community service was conducted in the form of a traning. The activities involved the fishermen in installing the converter kit of a gas fuel; trying out the genset which used the gas fuel; and evaluating the performance of the genset. After the training, the participant were asked to give opinion about the possibility of using the converted gas in their day to day fishing activities. The results of the training show ed that the fishermen have a positive responses toward the use of the gas fuel for the genset. However, they still have some worries toward the safety of using the converted gas fuel. Keywords : Genset, Gas Fuel