Conversion Of Hemicellulose Research Articles

Optimization of BmimCl pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse through combining multiple responses to increase sugar production. An approach of the kinetic model

Sugarcane bagasse (SCB) was pretreated with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BmimCl) at different conditions of temperature (80 °C to 150 °C) and solid loading (4 to 10%) at two times (20 and 60 min). The pretreatment conditions were optimized using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD) and desirability function having in mind the principles of green engineering. The pretreatments resulted in modifications of morphological and structural characteristics of biomass, also resulting in partial hemicellulose reduction. The founded optimal condition of pretreatment under the criterion of maximized sugar yield after enzymatic hydrolysis and minimized total sugar loss in pretreatment was 140 °C and 6% w/w of solid loading with 20 min of process. Also, a kinetic model was obtained verifying its validity with experimental values. It showed a lower activation energy of cellulose modification and hemicellulose conversion in comparison with the literature. One of the major findings was the strong correlation between glucose conversion and the degree of polymerization.

Biovalorization of Lignin

Lignocellulosic biomass comprises three components – cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Biorefining is defined as the separation, isolation and conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin from lignocellulosic biomass into fuels, chemicals, materials and energy. While a number of processes have been developed over the years to produce valuable products from cellulose and hemicellulose, processes utilizing lignin have been few and far between, largely owing to the severe recalcitrance of lignin. Our inability to utilize lignin is a lost opportunity for the green economy. Lignin is abundant and can provide a myriad of chemicals that could be used as building blocks for life-saving pharmaceuticals or even as flavours and food ingredients. The development of greener conversion platforms that can efficiently convert lignin into valuable products is highly desired. This paper summarizes recent progress made towards the development of a family of biocatalytic processes that convert lignin to pharmaceutical building blocks, flavouring agents and drug delivery platforms. Biocatalytic processes are greener, emit lesser carbon dioxide and are more energy efficient than other alternatives. The first family of biocatalysts selectively degrades lignin to its monoaromatic constituents and the second family of biocatalysts then modifies the monoaromatic constituents to desired target molecules. In particular, this paper describes the novel use of functional metagenomics and whole-cell biosensors for the discovery of 147 new biocatalysts that convert lignin into vanillin and syringaldehyde, and the identification of a novel transaminase that catalyzes the asymmetric synthesis of chiral amines from vanillin, syringaldehyde and 12 other monoaromatic aldehyde and ketone degradation products of lignin. Recent progress on the assembly of a metabolic pathway for the biosynthesis of the spice molecule capsaicin from vanillylamine, and the integration of the entire pathway that valorizes lignin to capsaicin into the metabolic network of E. coli has also been discussed. This work will eventually lead to the development of consolidated bioprocesses that convert lignin into value-added chemicals.

Enhancing the aromatic hydrocarbon yield from the catalytic copyrolysis of xylan and LDPE with a dual-catalytic-stage combined CaO/HZSM-5 catalyst

The high concentration of oxygenated compounds in pyrolytic products prohibits the conversion of hemicellulose to important biofuels and chemicals via fast pyrolysis. Herein CaO and HZSM-5 was developed to convert xylan and LDPE to valuable hydrocarbons by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and elucidate the reaction mechanism were also investigated in detail. The results indicated that xylan/LDPE copyrolysis was more complicated than pyrolysis of the individual components. LDPE hindered the thermal decomposition and aromatic hydrocarbon formation from xylan at temperatures under 350 °C and had a synergistic effect at high temperatures. 50% LDPE was proven to be more beneficial than other percentages for the formation of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Simultaneously, the addition of CaO/HZSM-5 significantly reduced the reaction Ea and increased the reaction rate. CaO can effectively improve the deoxygenation and aromatization reaction, enhancing the yield and selectivity of aromatics to a certain extent. The maximum yield of hydrocarbons (96.01%), mono-aromatic hydrocarbons (88.53%) and SBTXE (85.79%) were obtained at a CaO/HZSM-5 ratio of 1:2, a pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C, a catalytic temperature of 550 °C, a catalyst dose of 1:2 and a xylan-to-LDPE ratio of 1:1 via an ex situ process. The system was dominated by toluene, xylene and alkyl benzene. Diels-Alder reactions of furans and hydrocarbon pool mechanism of nonfuranic compounds improved aromatic formation. This study provides a fundamental for recovering energy and chemicals from pyrolysis of hemicellulose.

Extrusion followed by ultrasound as a chemical-free pretreatment method to enhance enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hull for fermentable sugars production

The rice hull is an abundant and renewable biomass resource, which contains rich carbohydrates and can be used as an alternative energy source. In order to exploit and utilize the biomass energy in rice hull, extrusion and ultrasound technologies were used to pretreat the rice hull. Response surface method (RSM) was used to optimize the extrusion conditions, and the optimum extrusion condition were obtained as the follows: material diameter, 60 mesh; material moisture, 29 %; extrusion temperature, 143 °C; screw speed, 350 rpm. Under the conditions, the expansion degree of rice hull was 2.16. After extrusion, the rice hull was subjected to ultrasound pretreatment for 1.5 h at 40 KHz/500 W. After this above, cellulase, β-glucosidase, and hemicellulose were used to hydrolyze the rice hull. And 77.50 % of conversion of total cellulose and hemicellulose was obtained. The yield for reducing sugars, glucose, and xylose was 381.59, 291.59, and 88.87 mg/g rice hull, respectively.

Techno-economic analysis of an integrated biorefinery strategy based on one-pot biomass fractionation and furfural production

This study evaluates the techno-economic feasibility of an integrated biorefinery for the co-production of furfural, lignin, and ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass (i.e., switchgrass as a model feedstock). The proposed biorefinery is based on a novel one-pot biomass fractionation and furfural production, which is integrated into ethanol production. The one-pot reaction system uses a biphasic solvent comprising aqueous choline chloride (ChCl) and methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). Aqueous ChCl is the reaction medium for simultaneous pretreatment and hemicellulose conversion, while MIBK is the organic phase for in situ furfural extraction. Aspen Plus simulation indicates that 49% of total carbon in the feedstock is converted to the target products (i.e., 17.9% to furfural, 16.0% to lignin, and 15.1% to ethanol). The base case has a minimum furfural selling price (MFSP) of 625 $/t, which is about 37% lower than furfural market price. Sensitivity analysis shows that the technical parameters (e.g., reaction temperature, solid loading) have a larger effect on MFSP than the economic parameters (e.g., material cost, installation cost). The techno-economic analysis results suggest that the proposed system is cost-competitive and has low economic risk.

Biological conversion of lignin and its derivatives to fuels and chemicals

Lignocellulosic biomass, which is one of the most abundant and renewable sources for the production of clean fuels and chemicals, consists mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The conversion of cellulose and hemi-cellulose to value added products has been extensively carried out over the last few decades. However, the direct conversion of lignin, the second most abundant aromatic polymer on earth, is challenging due to its heterogeneity and low reactivity. Most of the lignin produced in the pulp and paper industry is used as a fuel to generate heat and electricity. Recently, the chemical or biological conversion of lignin is considered one of the most promising technologies for the production of high-value products. The biological conversion of lignin has several advantages over the chemical co version route in terms of low operating costs, high specificity, and the absence of harsh operating conditions and hazardous chemicals. The present review summarizes recent studies on biological valorization of lignin to value-added products. Additionally, this review emphasizes the various lignin extraction techniques, catabolic pathways involved, necessary enzymes, and the major challenges of this process.

Directing the Simultaneous Conversion of Hemicellulose and Cellulose in Raw Biomass to Lactic Acid

The production of lactic acid (LaA) directly from actual biomass via a one-step reaction without pretreatment by chemocatalysis has shown high potential for satisfying its enormous demand in widesp...

Selective conversion of hemicellulose into furfural over low-cost metal salts in a γ-valerolactone/water solution

Thermochemical conversion of biomass into platform chemicals and fuels is recognized as the most promising process for the partial substitution of fossil resources. Notably, selective liquefaction is a critical step for the integrated utilization of waste lignocellulosic biomass resources. Herein, we demonstrated an efficient and environmentally benign liquefied process for converting hemicellulose and waste lignocellulosic residues into furfural in a γ-valerolactone/water solution using inexpensive Al2(SO4)3 as the catalyst. Due to the synergistic effect between the γ-valeroctone (GVL) and active acid center which was derived from the metal salt, more than 50.2 mol% yield of furfural could be obtained from xylan, accompanying with 95.5 wt% of xylan conversion in GVL/H2O (m/m = 9:1, 40.0 g in total) at 140 °C for 3 h. A combination of 27Al NMR spectroscopy and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS) revealed that the [Al(OH)2(aq)]+ species contributed to the isomerization and dehydration processes. In addition, the existence of an appropriate amount of water was believed to be responsible for promoting the destruction of hemicellulose and restrain the formation of humins. The liquefied system sheds light on its considerable potential for the industrial utilization of agriculture and forestry lignocellulosic residues.

The Roles of H2O/Tetrahydrofuran System in Lignocellulose Valorization.

Lignocellulosic biomass as a potential alternative to fossil resource for the production of valuable chemicals and fuels has attracted substantial attention, while reducing the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass is still challenging due to the complex and cross-linking structure of biomass. Solvent system plays important roles in the pretreatment of lignocellulose, enabling the transformation of solid biomass to liquid fluid with better mass and heat transfer, as well as in the selective formation of target products. In particular, H2O/tetrahydrofuran (H2O/THF) system has recently been widely applied in lignocellulose valorization, which has been proved to exhibit outstanding efficiency for the conversion of lignocellulose, solubilization of the intermediates and products, and shifting reaction equilibrium, thereby significantly improving the yield and selectivity of target products, as well as the full utilization of lignocellulose. In addition, THF shows low toxicity, and is known as a renewable solvent which can be produced from bio-derived chemicals. Herein, this review concentrates on the advances of H2O/THF system in lignocellulose valorization in recent years. Several aspects relative to the roles of H2O/THF system are discussed as follows: the pretreatment of lignin, conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose components in lignocelluloses, and the promoting formation of valuable chemicals like furfural, 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF), levulinic acid, and so on, as well as the inhibiting role in humins formation. This review might provide useful information for the design of effective solvent system in full utilization of lignocellulosic biomass.

Roles of water and aluminum sulfate for selective dissolution and utilization of hemicellulose to develop sustainable corn stover-based biorefinery

The roles of water and aluminum sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) in one-step selective catalytic transformation of hemicellulose in corn stover were investigated. At 130 °C, 90.2 wt% hemicellulose contained was selectively dissolved and further converted to 85.1 wt% xylose in the presence of Al2(SO4)3, while keeping cellulose (92.1 wt%) and lignin (88.4 wt%) insignificantly converted. The hemicellulose hydrolysate could be further transformed to lactic acid with the yield of 82.2 wt% using Lactobacillus plantarum via fermentation. H2O formed hydrogen bonds with the intermolecular linkages connecting hemicellulose with cellulose and lignin in corn stover, which was helpful to dissolve hemicellulose. The hydrolysis of Al2(SO4)3 formed H+ (Brønsted acid), which enhanced selectively the conversion of hemicellulose to xylose. While the active Lewis acid [Al(OH)2(H2O)x]+, formed from the hydrolysis of Al2(SO4)3, could promote the selective dissolution of hemicellulose. The aluminum species could also form complex compounds with –OH1 and C1–O6 of xylan unit by hydrogen bonds, promoting the production of xylose, as well as inhibiting its further degradation. These findings provided new strategies to develop a low-cost and sustainable corn stover-based biorefinery by understanding and controlling complex reaction networks in biomass conversion.

Multi-Step Exploitation of Raw Arundo donax L. for the Selective Synthesis of Second-Generation Sugars by Chemical and Biological Route

Lignocellulosic biomass represents one of the most important feedstocks for future biorefineries, being a precursor of valuable bio-products, obtainable through both chemical and biological conversion routes. Lignocellulosic biomass has a complex matrix, which requires the careful development of multi-step approaches for its complete exploitation to value-added compounds. Based on this perspective, the present work focuses on the valorization of hemicellulose and cellulose fractionsof giant reed (Arundo donax L.) to give second-generation sugars, minimizing the formation of reaction by-products. The conversion of hemicellulose to xylose was undertaken in the presence of the heterogeneous acid catalyst Amberlyst-70 under microwave irradiation. The effect of the main reaction parameters, such as temperature, reaction time, catalyst, and biomass loadings on sugars yield was studied, developing a high gravity approach. Under the optimised reaction conditions (17 wt% Arundo donax L. loading, 160 °C, Amberlyst-70/Arundo donax L. weight ratio 0.2 wt/wt), the xylose yield was 96.3 mol%. In the second step, the cellulose-rich solid residue was exploited through the chemical or enzymatic route, obtaining glucose yields of 32.5 and 56.2 mol%, respectively. This work proves the efficiency of this innovative combination of chemical and biological catalytic approaches, for the selective conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose fractions of Arundo donax L. to versatile platform products.

Synchronous conversion of lignocellulosic polysaccharides to levulinic acid with synergic bifunctional catalysts in a biphasic cosolvent system

Synchronous conversion of lignocellulosic polysaccharides to a high-value-added chemical (levulinic acid, LA) using various Brønsted–Lewis acids as bifunctional catalysts in a biphasic cosolvent system has been investigated. The results indicate that the coupling of Amberlyst 15 and Al2(SO4)3 as a bifunctional catalyst has a higher positive synergic influence on the synchronous conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to LA than other mixed catalysts. The synergic effect of a Brønsted–Lewis acid was measured using a synergy factor; the Amberlyst 15–Al2(SO4)3 bifunctional catalyst showed the strongest synergic catalytic activity with a synergy factor of 1.90. The biphasic cosolvent combining water with dimethoxymethane promotes the transformation of furfural into hydroxymethylfurfural and facilitates the selectivity of LA. The results also demonstrated that the water–dimethoxymethane biphasic cosolvent is suitable for the synchronous conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose into LA with high yield (52.49 %). This study provides insights for the possible synergistically transformed mechanism of lignocellulosic polysaccharides according to the conversion of intermediates and products. This synchronous conversion of biomass with a synergistic system has great promise for preparing high-value-added chemicals from biomass.

Xylanolytic Bacteria Isolated from Earthworm Casts and its Potentiality for Biomass Conversion

Lignocellulosic biomass is the major agricultural waste in countries like India which have major source of income as agriculture. There is a need to study the conversion of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which are the major components of lignocellulosic biomass. Being a recalcitrant material microbial conversion of lignin is of minor im- portant. This study mainly focuses on bioconversion of hemicellulose and the study encompasses screening and identification of bacteria that can produce xylanase enzyme from vermicasts using different natural lignocellulosic materials such as paddy straw, coir pith, dried leaves, saw dust and leaf residue as substrate. Bacterial cultures from vermicasts, capable of hydrolyzing xylanase are screened. Enrichment of cultures is done in xylan enriched minimal media. Selected and purified bacterial cultures are grown in xylan media were activated and transferred into the xylan broth for further enzymatic assay. The bacterial cultures along with the standard culture Bacillus pumilus are taken for enzymatic assay. Among the 7 cultures PSX1 recorded the maximum activity of 11.55 IU ml-1 followed by SDX3 (10.71 IU ml-1) at 48 h of growth and declined further. The standard culture Bacillus pumilus recorded 11.27 IU ml-1. PSX1 culture is selected for further studies to produce xylanase

Lowering the pyrolysis temperature of lignocellulosic biomass by H2SO4 loading for enhancing the production of platform chemicals

Fast pyrolysis is a promising method for the production of liquid fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. However, the catalytic effects of inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals and the high temperature used for the fast pyrolysis of biomass can drastically promote uncontrolled C-C/C-O bond cleavages and polycondensation reactions, resulting in the formation of considerable amounts of undesired light oxygenated organic compounds, permanent gases and char. Here, we demonstrate that H2SO4 loading can lower the pyrolysis temperature of biomass from 500 to 300 °C with higher yield of platform chemicals. The pyrolysis of H2SO4-loaded biomass at 300 °C is capable of selectively breaking C-O bonds in polysaccharides and effectively suppressing the formation of light oxygenated organic compounds, permanent gases and char. Approximately 50–60 wt% biomass feedstocks are primarily converted into anhydrosugars (mainly levoglucosan and xylosan) and their dehydrated products (mainly levoglucosenone and furfural). It is inferred that H2SO4 combined with the inherent alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEM) in raw biomass can simultaneously inhibits the catalytic functions of AAEM and H2SO4 for achieving oriented conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose at low temperature. This study provides a very simple, atom-economical and energy-efficient pyrolytic strategy for enhancing the production of platform chemicals from biomass.

Fermentation of hemicellulose liquor from Brewer's spent grain using Scheffersomyces stipitis and Pachysolen tannophilus for production of 2G ethanol and xylitol

AbstractBeer production generates brewer's spent grain as a byproduct. This biomass contains lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose, and can be used for the production of second‐generation (2G) ethanol and xylitol. For this to be economically viable, fermentable fractions must be used, allowing the conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to ethanol. This study evaluated the fermentation of hemicellulose liquor from brewer's spent grain (HLBS) in aerobic and oxygen‐ limited conditions using Scheffersomyces stipitis and Pachysolen tannophilus. Results were compared with data obtained in a complex medium (YPX) and a minimal medium (MMX). In aerobic conditions, for S. stipitis in the HLBS medium, μ max = 0.12 h−1, Y ethanol/xylose = 0.14 and selectivity for ethanol over xylitol (S ethanol/xylitol) 3.4 gethanol g−1 xylitol were obtained. Under oxygen‐limited conditions, Y ethanol/xylose = 0.22 and S ethanol/xylitol = 1.17 gethanol g−1 xylitol were obtained. For P. tannophilus, under aerobic conditions, the HLBS medium gave μ max = 0.08 h−1, and Y ethanol/xylose = 0.005, with selectivity for ethanol over xylitol (S ethanol/xylitol) of 0.12 gethanol g−1 xylitol. In oxygen‐limited conditions, Y ethanol/xylose = 0.09 and S ethanol/xylitol = 0.20 gethanol g−1 xylitol were obtained. This is because the metabolism of these aerobic yeasts directs the carbon flow to cell growth, while with oxygen limitation it is directed to metabolite production. The HLBS medium was promising for production in the context of a biorefinery. When comparing the two yeasts, S. stipitis presented better ethanol production and P. tannophilus better xylitol production under the conditions that were studied. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

Kinetics and Chemorheological Analysis of Cross-Linking Reactions in Humins.

Humins is a biomass-derived material, co-product of the acid-catalyzed conversion of cellulose and hemicellulose to platform chemicals. This work presents a thorough study concerning the crosslinking kinetics of humins by chemorheological analysis and model-free kinetics under isothermal and non-isothermal curing. Humins can auto-crosslink under the effect of temperature, and the reaction can be fastener when adding an acidic initiator. Thus, the effect of P-Toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (pTSA) on the crosslinking kinetics was also studied. The dependencies of the effective activation energy (Eα-dependencies) were determined by an advanced isoconversional method and correlated with the variation of complex viscosity during curing. It is shown that humins curing involves multi-step complex reactions and that the use of an acidic initiator allows faster crosslinking at lower temperatures, involving lower Eα. The shift from chemical to diffusion control was also estimated.

Full Utilization of Lignocellulose with Ionic Liquid Polyoxometalates in a One-Pot Three-Step Conversion.

The lignin-first concept is a new innovation for full utilization of lignocellulose into value-added chemicals. Ionic liquid (IL) polyoxometalates [MIMPS]2 H4 P2 Mo18 O62 [MIMPS=1-(3-sulfonic group) propyl-3-methyl imidazolium] are reported to be active in the cleavage of β-O-4, α-O-4, and 4-O-5 bonds in three kinds of lignin models and also efficient for converting native lignocellulose. The three components in soft or hard lignocellulose were depolymerized in a one-pot three-step treatment. For soft lignocellulose (pine), lignin was first decomposed into guaiacol and phenol with yields of 15.3 and 12.9 % at 98.6 % delignification efficiency at 130 °C for 14 h. Meanwhile, hemicellulose and cellulose were intact during the delignifying process and were subsequently hydrolyzed to 3.5 % xylose at 100 % hemicellulose conversion efficiency at 150 °C for 14 h and 36.4 % glucose at 100 % cellulose conversion efficiency at 170 °C for 12 h, respectively. For hard lignocellulose (poplar), the yields of guaiacol and phenol were 10.1 and 8.7 % at 91.9 % delignification efficiency at 130 °C for 14 h, whereas 12.9 % xylose at 90.4 % hemicellulose conversion efficiency at 150 °C for 12 h and 32.9 % glucose at 100 % cellulose conversion efficiency at 170 °C for 12 h were obtained. [MIMPS]2 H4 P2 Mo18 O62 achieved the full utilization of lignocellulose with total conversion in the lignin-first strategy and also showed the easy separation as a result of temperature-reversibility with ten recycling runs.

Valorization of corn stover into furfural and levulinic acid over SAPO-18 zeolites: Effect of Brønsted to Lewis acid sites ratios

A one-step process was proposed for valorization of corn stover into furfural and levulinic acid catalyzed by SAPO-18 zeolites. With the aim to produce furfural and levulinic acid, the Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratios of SAPO-18 were modified. The influence of reaction temperature, time and the ratios of Brønsted to Lewis acid site on the valorization of corn stover were investigated. At the fixed catalyst concentration of 20 g/L, a furfural yield of 95.1% was observed at 205 °C for 40 min using SAPO-18 with Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratio of 0.11, and a levulinic acid yield of 70.2% achieved at 190 °C for 80 min using SAPO-18 with Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratio of 0.17. The Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratios of SAPO-18 were adjusted by altering the framework Si/Al ratio of SAPO-18. The SAPO-18 with lower Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratios showed higher activity for furfural production from corn stover and that with higher ratios exhibit superior catalytic effect for levulinic acid formation. The kinetic models considering the effect of Brønsted to Lewis acid site ratios agreed with the experiment values well, which provided detailed insights on the conversion of hemicellulose and cellulose fraction of corn stover into furfural and levulinic acid.

Design of an industrial autohydrolysis pretreatment plant for annual lignocellulose

Three concepts for a 3000 t/a continuous autohydrolysis plant aiming at a full fractionation of agricultural residues (wheat straw as model substrate) into streams rich in xylose, glucose, and lignin, respectively, are developed. For this purpose, two kinetic models based on batch liquid-hot water experiments (30 mL, 170–230 °C, 10–60 min) were investigated. The solid hemicellulose conversion was described with a first-order rate model. The concentration and conversion profile investigation of the solid and liquid phases using the severity factor resulted in a linear equation describing the hemicellulose solubilization: XHC = (0.5839 ∗ log(R0) − 1.7027) ± 0.06. Here, specific process parameter boarders for the maximal hemicellulose concentration and furfural formation at log(R0) = 4.0 considering the liquid phase were identified. These findings were used to propose a multi-step hydrothermal processing approach, with intermediate sugar extraction, tailored to the compositional requirements of the product streams. Seven reactor types were evaluated for its feasibility; in this regard, the screw conveyor reactor (SCR) was evaluated as most promising. For the concepts, the SCR reactors were scaled, based on the generated data. It was found that the process temperature is a major parameter determining the reactor size. It is considered more important than the number of autohydrolysis treatment steps. In brief, the fractionation of agricultural residues using a multi-step continuous plant is evaluated to be very promising for the industrial application, regarding selectivity, handling, investment, and process costs.

Organosolv fractionation and simultaneous conversion of lignocellulosic biomass in aqueous 1,4-butanediol/acidic ionic-liquids solution

The development of bioenergy and biorefineries has generated new requirements for the comprehensive utilization of all biomass components in fractionation. Thus, the mass balance and component streams of lignocellulosic biomass during the fractionation process have become important research components. We explored the comprehensive utilization of biomass via fractionation and partial conversion of coir with an aqueous 1,4-butanediol/acidic ionic-liquids organosolv process and analyzed the mass balance and component streams of the process. A delignification selectivity parameter was introduced to evaluate the fractionation efficiency and screen the promising experimental conditions (processing temperature, duration, and solvent ratio). The process exhibited an excellent capability for lignin extraction and hemicellulose conversion. Cellulose-rich materials with a purity of up to 87% were obtained with an elevated relative crystallinity of cellulose materials (up to 65%). The process resulted in a near complete conversion of hemicellulose (up to 93%) and a high delignification rate (up to 88%). The conversion products can be readily extracted from the reaction liquid using ethyl acetate. The experimental conditions, especially temperature, had a significant influence on the component conversion of biomass during the process. Acid, ester, and aldehyde products had a significant, linear relationship with mass removal throughout the process. 4-Methyl-hexanoic acid, γ-lactone D-glucuronic acid, and 2-hydroxy-pentanoic acid ethyl ester were identified as the primary conversion products for carbohydrates (mainly hemicellulose), whereas only a limited number of phenol compounds were recognized as lignin derivatives. Through the efficient fractionation of cellulose and lignin components as well as the conversion of most hemicellulose to chemicals, this process provides a potential strategy for transforming lignocellulosic biomass into materials, chemicals, and energy sources.