Conversion In Europe Research Articles

British Protestant missions and the conversion of Europe, 1600–1900. Edited by Simone Maghenzani and Stefano Villani. (Studies in Early Modern Religious Dissents and Radicalism.) Pp. xii + 289 incl. 15 figs. Abingdon–New York: Routledge, 2021. £36.99 (paper). 978 0 367 54611 3

British Protestant missions and the conversion of Europe, 1600–1900. Edited by Simone Maghenzani and Stefano Villani. (Studies in Early Modern Religious Dissents and Radicalism.) Pp. xii + 289 incl. 15 figs. Abingdon–New York: Routledge, 2021. £36.99 (paper). 978 0 367 54611 3

Assessment of the Trilateral Flash Cycle potential for efficient solar energy conversion in Europe

The potential of the Trilateral Flash Cycle (TFC) for the efficient conversion of solar energy to power in Europe is assessed in this work. A numerical analysis of a Solar-TFC thermal power unit is performed, by applying an in-house numerical model. Flat Plate Collectors (FPC) and Evacuated Tube Collectors (ETC) are modeled as solar heat sources. Particular focus is on the technological bottleneck of the TFC, i.e. two-phase expansion, by applying a novel two-phase expansion numerical model. Annual simulations are performed with the total efficiency of the Solar-TFC maximized at each time step. The annual total efficiency of the Solar-TFC, exergy efficiency, and thermal efficiency of the TFC can be as high as 5%, 5.3%, and 11%, respectively. ETCs increase the economic viability of the Solar-TFC, particularly as the annual electricity output increases. The Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) of the modeled unit is estimated in the range of 0.25 and 0.75 €/kWh, which can be further reduced by increasing the collectors’ area. The Solar-TFC unit can reduce, on an annual basis, the CO2 emissions by 2.5–47 kg per m2 of solar collectors, with the carbon footprint reduction depending on the collectors’ efficiency and the installation location.

Institutional Settings and Effects on Agricultural Land Conversion: A Global and Spatial Analysis of European Regions

Spatial planning systems and institutions have a significant role in managing non-agricultural land growth in Europe and the assessment of how their implementation impacts on agricultural land consumption is of great significance for policy and institutional improvement. Reducing the area of agricultural land taken for urban development, or eliminating such conversion, is an international policy priority aiming to maintain the amount and quality of land resources currently available for food production and sustainable development. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of land use planning systems and institutional settings on urban conversion of agricultural land in the 265 NUTS2 level EU27 and UK regions. Taking these regions as the unit of our analysis, the research developed and used global and local econometrics models to estimate the effect based on socio-economic, institutional and land use data for the 2000–2018 period. There is limited research focusing on the impacts of institutional settings and planning types of the European countries on the conversion of agricultural land. Furthermore, existing research has not considered the spatial relationships with the determinants of agricultural land conversion and the response variable, therefore, our research aimed to contribute to the literature on the subject. The results showed that the types of spatial planning systems and institution variables significantly impact the conversion of agricultural land to urban uses. Socio-economic indicators and areas of agricultural and urban land have significant impact on agricultural land conversion for any type of spatial planning system. A further result was that decentralization and political fragmentation were positively associated with agricultural land conversion while quality of regional government and governance was negatively associated. A local regression model was assessed to explore the different spatial patterns of the relationships driving agricultural land conversion. The main empirical finding from this model was that there was spatial variation of driving factors of agricultural land conversion in Europe.

The Grass Snake and the Basilisk: From Pre-Christian Protective House God to the Antichrist

Abstract The grass snake owes its far northern distribution in Europe to the production and hoarding of dung from stock breeding. Dung heaps appear to be perfect breeding sites that surpass 'natural' reproduction sites in quality. Here we point out that the grass snake's dependency on manure goes back to Neolithic times and that it had a reciprocal cultural effect. Moreover, the positive influence of humans on the species not only resulted from physical opportunities offered by agriculture, but also from the fact that grass snakes were considered to be chthonic deities not to be harmed. The conversion of Europe to Christianity, however, marked the turning of the cultural tide for the species. From being a divine creature originally, the grass snake evolved into the number one symbol of the Anti-Christ: the basilisk. In spite of the subsequent witch-hunt motivated by Christian belief, the overall historical human influence on the species was certainly not detrimental as regarded geographical distribution opportunities. This historical perspective on grass snake-human relationships adds to the discussion of whether nature conservation is better served by a strategy of land sparing or of land sharing. It also makes clear not only that co-dependency of species is a matter of mutual biophysical advantages but that metaphysical considerations may also play a role. In this case it leads to the conclusion that bringing back the grass snake into our direct everyday surroundings is both favourable to the grass snake and reinstates the species in our own cultural environment.

Advanced Biofuels from Thermochemical Processing of Sustainable Biomass in Europe

Biofuels can play an important role in decreasing the use of fossil fuels, in particular in the transport sector, which absorbs about 30 % of the EU energy requirements. This review illustrates the motivations behind biofuel development, the government incentives and regulations and the current approaches on sustainable biomass conversion in Europe, and provides an overview on the major steps involved in thermochemical processes and on the issues challenging their deployment at large scale, with particular emphasis on the pyrolysis of biomass and bio-oil upgrading using conventional oil refinery settings. Distribution of sustainable biofuels in Europe and future prospects towards achieving success of transport biofuels were also addressed. The literature suggests that importing biofuels and increasing the cost of CO2 to at least €60/t CO2 will be necessary to meet the renewable obligation targets in the EU. Algae represent the future feedstock for biofuels but currently are limited by their high production costs and high N content. Pyrolysis is cost competitive compared to other technologies such as fermentation and gasification, but the quality of bio-oils requires upgrading mainly to lower their oxygen content and enhance their thermal stability. The recent advances in bio-oil upgrading using catalytic cracking and hydro-treating are very promising for the future deployment of advanced biofuels in the coming decades. However, significant investments in applied research and demonstration are still required to meet the 2020/2030 biofuel targets.

A brief history of spirituality

Preface. Introduction: What is Spirituality?. Contemporary Meaning. Spirituality and History. Interpretation. Periods and Traditions. 1 Foundations: Scriptures and Early Church. Christian Spirituality and the Scriptures. Scriptural Markers. Spirituality in the New Testament. Spirituality and the Early Church. Liturgy. Spirituality and Martyrdom. Spirituality and Doctrine. Origen. Evagrius. The Cappadocians. Augustine. Pseudo-Dionysius. Christian Spirituality as Transformation and Mission. Theories of Spiritual Transformation. Conclusion. 2 The Monastic Paradigm: 300-1150. The Emergence of Monasticism. Widows and Virgins. Syrian Ascetics. Egyptian Monasticism. Wisdom of the Desert. Monastic Rules. Benedictine Expansion. The New Hermits. The Cistercians. The Spiritual Values of Monasticism. Spirituality and the Conversion of Europe. Local Spiritualities: Ireland. Spirituality in the East. Syriac Conclusion. 3 Spirituality in the City: 1150-1450. The Gregorian Reform. The Vita Evangelica. Twelfth-Century Renaissance. The Rebirth of Cities. Cathedrals and Urban Vision. The City as Sacred. Universities as Sacred Space. Vita Evangelica and Urban Sensibilities. The Mendicant Movement. Dominic, Francis, Clare, and Bonaventure. The Beguines. Fourteenth-Century Mysticism. Devotional Spirituality and Eastern Christianity. The Renaissance. Conclusion. 4 Spiritualities in the Age of Reformations: 1450-1700. Seeds of Reform: The Devotio Moderna and Christian Humanism. The Crisis of Medieval Spirituality and the Lutheran Reformation. John Calvin and Reformed Anabaptist Anglican Puritan Early Quakers. The Catholic Reformation. The New Orders. Ignatius Loyola and Early Ignatian Carmelite Mysticism. Lay Devotion. Seventeenth-Century French Conclusion. 5 Spirituality in an Age of Reason: 1700-1900. Spirituality in the Roman Catholic Tradition. Pietism. Wesleyan Puritanism and the Great Awakening. Shaker Orthodox Post-Revolutionary Catholicism. The English Evangelicals. The Oxford Movement. John Henry Newman. A Distinctive American Spirituality. Conclusion. 6 Modernity to Postmodernity: 1900-2000. The Impact on Evelyn Underhill. Dietrich Bonhoeffer. Simone Weil. Dorothy Day. Thomas Merton. Spiritualities of Liberation. Gustavo Gutierrez. Feminist Spiritualities of Reconciliation. Ecumenical Spirituality: The Example of Taize. Spirituality and Inter-Religious Dialogue: Bede Griffiths. Making Spirituality Democratic: The Retreat Movement. Making Spirituality Democratic: The Charismatic Movement. Conclusion. Epilogue. Notes. Select Bibliography. Index

Name change for Ocean Power Delivery

The progress in wave energy conversion in Europe during the past ten years is reviewed and current activities and initiatives in the wave energy sector at National and Union level are described. Other important activities worldwide are summarized. The technical and economical status in wave energy conversion is outlined and important wave energy developments are presented.

'Do You Want To Receive A Missionary At Home?': Conversion And The Religious Market

AbstractThis paper offers an introduction in religious market theory on the basis of the theme of conversion. Conversions have everything to do with the religious market. Where people are looking for religious satisfaction, they will turn themselves to religious organisations that are willing to give that on certain conditions. Starting from the assumption of the rational actor, the theory makes some strong hypotheses on religious organisations and the religious market. What does the religious market look like, what are the basic characteristics of this market, and how can religious organisations interact with that market? However, when we discuss social-scientific research on conversion in Europe, the limits of religious market theory come to the fore. In the conclusion, the main questions that arise from religious market theory for the project Conversion Careers and Culture Politics in Pentecostalism are being discussed.

Who is a Jew: Halacha, Laws and Politics

There is no question in my mind that Rabbi Lilienthal has made a lasting impact on our world Progressive Jewish family in the area of conversion, both in addressing the unique challenge facing you here in Holland, in the leadership he has demonstrated in the European Beit Din in helping forge common practices and policies regarding conversion in Europe, and in the support he has been providing for our Eastern European and Russian communities. It is therefore highly appropriate for us to deliberate on the question of 'Who is a Jew?' at this time, as it has occupied a significant part of David's contribution to the Jewish People and the Reform Movement over the years. Moreover, I cannot think of any other issue that has had such an impact on Israel-Diaspora relations and provided ground for contention and divisiveness than the 'Who is a Jew' question. Clearly, it is not because of the relatively small number of converts who have actually made aliyah, but rather, because of its symbolic significance. Through the 'Who is a Jew?' definition, Israel is declaring its own perception of what is legitimate and what is not throughout the world.

EC 1992 from a North American Perspective

Completion of the European Community's internal market will force important changes in the economies of member countries, and the effects of those changes will spill over into the rest of the world. Within the EC, the prevailing view has been steadfast in the expectation that the benefits of further integration will exceed the costs. This has been especially the case among European businessmen, who have been in the lead in this phase of economic integration.1 As the target date of I992 draws closer, however, the level of anxiety, especially about the costs of adjustment, appears to be rising in some sectors and some 2 countries. Attitudes in non-member countries, in both private and official circles, have varied. The initial response from the executive branch in the United States was favourable. There has, however, been considerable fear among U.S. business and labour leaders that completion of the internal market would be accompanied by a conversion of Europe into an economic 'fortress' with sharply reduced access to foreigners. In some European non-member countries - notably Austria and Sweden - the prevailing view favours membership. The insider-outside issue is still being debated in Switzerland and elsewhere and is likely to play a role in the trade strategies of a number of Eastern European countries. In North America, the United States has entered into a free trade agreement with Canada and is poised for negotiations with Mexico. Some have suggested that American interest in regional trading pacts has been motivated in part at least by a strategic desire to strengthen the United States' bargaining hand with the EC. While regionalism thus thrives, the trade talks of the Uruguay Round lie moribund. If completed as planned, the current process of economic integration in Europe will replace a group of national markets, segmented in various degrees by a proliferation of non-tariff barriers, with a single regional market. If plans for monetary integration also reach fruition, they will replace a system of multiple currency areas with a single regional currency domain. From the perspective of the outsider, there are three broad areas of concern about the external effects of the ongoing process of real and monetary integration in Europe. The first, which is discussed in Section II, deals with the implications of goods and resource market integration for outside industries and firms and for outside welfare generally. This includes the direct effects of internal liberalisation and the effects of possible changes in the level of

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Constantine and the Conversion of Europe

Constantine and the Conversion of Europe

A. H. M. Jones, Constantine and The Conversion of Europe (‘Teach Yourself History’ Series). London : Hodder and Stoughton, 1948. Pp. xiv + 271, with 2 maps in end papers. 7s. 6d.

A. H. M. Jones, Constantine and The Conversion of Europe (‘Teach Yourself History’ Series). London : Hodder and Stoughton, 1948. Pp. xiv + 271, with 2 maps in end papers. 7s. 6d.

Constantine and the Conversion of Europe. By A. H. M. Jones.

Previous articleNext article No AccessBook ReviewsConstantine and the Conversion of Europe. By A. H. M. Jones.M. L. W. LaistnerM. L. W. Laistner Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by American Journal of Archaeology Volume 53, Number 4October–December 1949 The journal of the Archaeological Institute of America Views: 1Total views on this site Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.2307/501068 Views: 1Total views on this site Copyright © 1949 by the Archaeological Institute of America. All rights reserved.PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

The Conversion of Europe

The Conversion of Europe

Book Review: The Conversion of Europe

Book Review: The Conversion of Europe

REVIEWS OF BOOKS

Book reviewed in this article:CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO: Negro Education. A Study of the Private and Higher Schools for Coloured People in the United States.CHRISTIAN MISSIONS AND THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO: The Education of the South African Native. By Charles T. Loram, Ph.D.THE CONVERSION OF EUROPE: The Conversion of Europe. By Charles Henry Robinson, D.D.DUTCH VIEWS OF SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY HINDUISM: De Open‐Deure tot het Verborgen Heydendom. Door Abraham Rogerius.DUTCH VIEWS OF SEVENTEENTH‐CENTURY HINDUISM: Afgoderye der Oost‐Indische Heydenen. Door Philippus Baldaeus.THE UNITED STATES AND CHINA: The History of Early Relations between the United States and China 1784–1844. By Kenneth Scott Latourette.THRICE THROUGH THE DARK CONTINENT: Thrice through the Dark Continent. A Record of Journeying across Africa during the years 1913–1916. By J. du Plessis.ON INDIAN NATIONALISM: Nationalism. By Sir Rabindranath Tagore.HINDU MIND TRAINING: Hindu Mind Training. By an Anglo‐Saxon Mother. Introduction by S. M. Mitra.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: Round About the Torres Straits. By Gilbert White, D.D., Bishop of Willochra.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: Pastels from the Pacific. By Frank Lenwood.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: The Fulfilment of a Dream. By A. Mildred Cable.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: Dr Isabel Mitchell of Manchuria. Edited by F. W. S. O'Neill.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: Cameos of a Chinese City. By Mary Darley.SIX MISSIONARY BOOKS: Beginnings in India. By Eugene Stock, D.C.L.PENTECOST AND THE WORLD: Pentecost and the World. By Roland Allen.THE GROWTH AND WORK OF THE MISSION SUISSE ROMANDE: La Mission Romande. Par A. Grandjean. Lausanne: Georges Bridel et Cie. Paris: Librairie Fischbacher. 4 frs. 50. 1917.A MISSIONARY STATESMAN: Dr Ralph Wardlaw Thompson. By Basil Mathews.A MODERN METHOD GRAMMAR: Egyptian Colloquial Arabic. A Conversation Grammar and Reader. By W. H. T. Gairdner, assisted by Sheikh Kurayyim Sallām.URDU BY THE DIRECT METHOD: An Urdu Manual of the Phonetic, Inductive or Direct Method. By Thomas F. Cummings, D.D. Second and revised edition.THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL STUDIES: Bulletin of the School of Oriental Studies, London Institution.