Convergent Analysis Research Articles

An optimally convergent smooth blended B-spline construction for semi-structured quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes

Easy to construct and optimally convergent generalisations of B-splines to unstructured meshes are essential for the application of isogeometric analysis to domains with non-trivial topologies. Nonetheless, especially for hexahedral meshes, the construction of smooth and optimally convergent isogeometric analysis basis functions is still an open question. We introduce a simple partition of unity construction that yields smooth blended B-splines, referred to as SB-splines, on semi-structured quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes, i.e. on mostly structured meshes with sufficiently separated unstructured regions. To this end, we first define the mixed smoothness B-splines that are C0 continuous in the unstructured regions of the mesh but have higher smoothness everywhere else. Subsequently, the SB-splines are obtained by smoothly blending in the physical space the mixed smoothness B-splines with Bernstein bases of equal degree. One of the key novelties of our approach is that the required smooth weight functions are assembled from the available smooth B-splines on the unstructured mesh. The SB-splines are globally smooth, non-negative, have no breakpoints within the elements and reduce to conventional B-splines away from the unstructured regions of the mesh. Although we consider only quadratic mixed smoothness B-splines in this paper, the construction generalises to arbitrary degrees. We demonstrate the excellent performance of SB-splines studying Poisson and biharmonic problems on semi-structured quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes, and numerically establishing their optimal convergence in one and two dimensions.

Avoiding Algorithm Error in Computer-Aided Text Analysis: Selecting Text Analysis Software

The use of computer-aided text analysis as a tool to quantify qualitative information continues to grow in management research. Academia increasingly develops guiding principles that aid scholars in addressing reliability and validity issues. However, there is little guidance in selecting a proper software solution that aligns the features of the software with the features of the underlying construct. Further guidelines are particularly relevant because computer-aided text analysis is highly software dependent. This paper demonstrates a systematic software selection process using two illustrative constructs: a theoretically complex construct (value- based management sophistication) and a more straightforward construct (firm’s future orientation). The paper develops generalizable principles for selecting proper software solutions. After reviewing relevant literature, this paper compares the algorithmic proximity of frequently applied software solutions in management research, performing analysis of variance and convergent validity analysis. The results demonstrate that the algorithmic performance depends on the construct type. The analysis of variance indicates statistically significant differences in mean values between various software solutions. However, these differences do not lead to substantial deviations in convergent validity results between the applied software solutions. This paper contributes to the literature by assisting scholars in choosing a proper software solution when conducting computer-aided text analysis.

Molecular Mechanisms of the Convergent Adaptation of Bathypelagic and Abyssopelagic Fishes.

Harsh environments provide opportunities to study how different species adapt, at the molecular level, to similar environmental stressors. High hydrostatic pressure, low temperature, and absence of sunlight in the deep-sea environment are challenging conditions for gene expression, cell morphology and vision. Adaptation of fish to this environment appears independently in at least 22 orders of fish, but it remains uncertain whether these adaptations represent convergent evolution. In this study, we performed comparative genomic analysis of 80 fish species to determine genetic evidences for adaptations to the deep-sea environment. The 80 fishes were divided into six groups according to their order. Positive selection and convergent evolutionary analysis were performed and functional enrichment analysis of candidate genes was performed. Positively selected genes (pik3ca, pik3cg, vcl and sphk2) were identified to be associated with the cytoskeletal response to mechanical forces and gene expression. Consistent signs of molecular convergence genes (grk1, ednrb, and nox1) in dark vision, skin color, and bone rarefaction were revealed. Functional assays of Grk1 showed that the convergent sites improved dark vision in deep-sea fish. By identifying candidate genes and functional profiles potentially involved in cold, dark, and high-pressure responses, the results of this study further enrich the understanding of fish adaptations to deep-sea environments.

Current public perception of, and barriers to, palliative care in China: a mixed-methods study

Cancer is a major cause of death in China, accounting for 2·56 million deaths in the country in 2018 alone. Yet, on that year, only 28 600 patients (1·1%) at the end of life received palliative care. Existing studies in palliative care have mainly been done in medical environments. The aim of this study was to focus instead on the general public and to identify the public's perceptions of, and demand for, various palliative care services, as well as barriers to palliative care in China. A convergent mixed-methods design was used to facilitate an understanding of the Chinese public's knowledge of palliative care services and the demand for palliative care. An interdisciplinary team of scholars and practitioners worked collaboratively to develop a contextually and culturally relevant questionnaire for the public in China (named KNPCP-1) to explore these issues. Quantitative and qualitative evaluation phases in the development of KNPCP-1 ensured its high validity. We did cross-over comparison analyses of the findings from the quantitative survey (conducted using KNPCP-1). Stata version 17.2 and NVivo version 12.6.1 were used for data analysis. 6120 people completed the qualitative surveys, and 19 survey respondents and 20 medical staff were also interviewed. No significant difference in knowledge of palliative care and general need for various palliative care services was found between men and women. A greater demand for palliative care services was found among rural respondents than among their urban counterparts. Convergent analysis indicates that factors or mechanisms associated with the low availability of palliative care services include scarce knowledge about palliative care, a cultural taboo around death, factors related to patient-clinician conflict, and the pressure on adult children to fulfil their filial duty of care for elderly parents. Several factors contribute to the low availability of palliative care services in China despite recent governmental awareness campaigns. Innovative and culturally sensitive approaches are needed to promote palliative care services in relation to the factors synthesised from the analysis. Ministry of Education of China, Youth Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (project number 20XJC840001); China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (project number 2021M691521); and 2020 Young Teacher Development Project of the Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (project number 230600001002020030).

Theoretical Approach to Synthetic Accelerations for the Solution of Neutron Transport Equation

A discrete ordinates neutron transport solution usually consists of solving alternately the transport and the diffusion equation. Here, the diffusion equation which is a P₁ approximation to the transport equation is solved only for an acceleration of transport solution to achieve the computational efficiency. The derivation of various low-order accelerating equations are generalized by using an operator form of acceleration in this paper. The source iteration, P₀, P₁, and P₂ acceleration schemes are derived and their spectral radii are calculated and compared by using Fourier convergent analysis. The result is that the P₁ acceleration outperforms the other schemes in accelerating transport solution. These results confirm that one cannot simply assume that the replacement of P₁ with a higher order equation would enhance the acceleration efficiency.

Improving screening, treatment, and intervention for unhealthy alcohol use in primary care through clinic, practice-based research network, and health plan partnerships: Protocol of the ANTECEDENT study.

BackgroundUnhealthy alcohol use (UAU) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, contributing to 95,000 deaths annually. When offered in primary care, screening, brief intervention, referral to treatment (SBIRT), and medication-assisted treatment for alcohol use disorder (MAUD) can effectively address UAU. However, these interventions are not yet routine in primary care clinics. Therefore, our study evaluates tailored implementation support to increase SBIRT and MAUD in primary care.MethodsANTECEDENT is a pragmatic implementation study designed to support 150 primary care clinics in Oregon adopting and optimizing SBIRT and MAUD workflows to address UAU. The study is a partnership between the Oregon Health Authority Transformation Center—state leaders in Medicaid health system transformation—SBIRT Oregon and the Oregon Rural Practice-based Research Network. We recruited clinics providing primary care in Oregon and prioritized reaching clinics that were small to medium in size (<10 providers). All participating clinics receive foundational support (i.e., a baseline assessment, exit assessment, and access to the online SBIRT Oregon materials) and may opt to receive tailored implementation support delivered by a practice facilitator over 12 months. Tailored implementation support is designed to address identified needs and may include health information technology support, peer-to-peer learning, workflow mapping, or expert consultation via academic detailing. The study aims are to 1) engage, recruit, and conduct needs assessments with 150 primary care clinics and their regional Medicaid health plans called Coordinated Care Organizations within the state of Oregon, 2) implement and evaluate the impact of foundational and supplemental implementation support on clinic change in SBIRT and MAUD, and 3) describe how practice facilitators tailor implementation support based on context and personal expertise. Our convergent parallel mixed-methods analysis uses RE-AIM (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation, maintenance). It is informed by a hybrid of the i-PARIHS (integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services) and the Dynamic Sustainability Framework.DiscussionThis study will explore how primary care clinics implement SBIRT and MAUD in routine practice and how practice facilitators vary implementation support across diverse clinic settings. Findings will inform how to effectively align implementation support to context, advance our understanding of practice facilitator skill development over time, and ultimately improve detection and treatment of UAU across diverse primary care clinics.

Acceptability and utility of a virtual pediatric transplant peer mentoring program: A mixed-methods analysis of a novel quality improvement program.

Adolescent transplant patients are at increased risk for graft loss at a period when they also suffer from illness-related social isolation, which has been exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The Peer Mentoring Program (PMP), developed in 2018, was adapted to a virtual format in 2020 due to COVID-19. Our objective is to evaluate the acceptability, utility, and potential impact of the in-person and virtual versions of the PMP on participants. We performed convergent mixed-methods analysis of the experiences of patients participating in the PMP for quality improvement purposes. Surveys and focus group invitations were sent to 18 current program participants, with 17 patients responding to the survey and 13 patients participating in focus groups. In this study, 82% were satisfied and 88% would recommend PMP; 76% identified other PMP members as people they would like to keep in touch with. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: (1) a supportive community of peers, (2) reduced isolation, and (3) receiving accurate information from providers. There is a prominent need for greater peer support among adolescent transplant patients transitioning to adulthood, especially with the increased isolation associated with COVID-19. The virtual adaptation could be an important, permanent supplement to in-person events.

Validation of Sleep Bruxism Questionnaire Toward the Experience of Jaw Pain and Limitation of Jaw Movement in Saudi Arabian Adolescents.

Background: Bruxism in children and adolescents is underreported and needs strong awareness among parents. No study has attempted to validate the sleep bruxism questionnaire, particularly in Saudi adolescents.Objective: This study aims to validate the sleep bruxism questionnaire on the experience of jaw pain and limitation of jaw movement in Saudi adolescents from 10 to 19 years of age.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional (survey) study in which we distributed an Arabic translation of a questionnaire on sleep bruxism among 200 parents of patients who attended the dental clinics of the Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, for treatment. Cronbach's alpha and interclass correlation coefficients were checked for reliability and internal consistency of the items. For validity, convergent validity analysis was accomplished by analyzing temporomandibular disorder and sleep bruxism. The response rate was 85%.Results: There was a weak association between jaw pain with jaw lock (coefficient value = 0.249) and bruxism (coefficient value = 0.287). Bruxism and jaw lock had a robust correlation (coefficient value = 0.920).Conclusion: The Arabic version of the sleep bruxism questionnaire is reliable and valid for assessing sleep bruxism toward the experience of jaw pain and limitation of jaw movement in Saudi Arabian adolescent patients.

Barriers to accessing and engaging in healthcare as potential modifiers in the association between polyvictimization and mental health among Black transgender women.

BackgroundBlack transgender women endure pervasive polyvictimization (experiencing multiple forms of violence throughout the lifespan). Polyvictimization is associated with poor mental health. Black transgender women also face barriers in access to healthcare, but the extent that such barriers modify the association between polyvictimization and poor mental health has not been described using convergent mixed-methods analysis.MethodsThis convergent mixed-methods secondary analysis employs an intersectional lens and integrates two inter-related datasets to describe barriers to healthcare and the extent that such barriers modify the association between polyvictimization and mental health among Black transgender women. Investigators used survey data (n = 151 participants) and qualitative interview data (n = 19 participants) collected from Black transgender women (age 18 years and older) in Baltimore, MD and Washington, DC between 2016 and 2018. Analyses include thematic content analysis, bivariate analysis, joint display, and multivariate linear regression analysis examining mediation and moderation.ResultsJoint display illuminated three domains to describe how barriers to healthcare present among Black transgender women–Affordability, Accessibility, and Rapport and Continuity. Independent t-tests revealed significantly higher polyvictimization, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and depression scores among participants who reported at least one barrier to healthcare (BHI) compared to those who reported no barriers. BHI significantly moderated and partially mediated the association between polyvictimization and PTSD symptom severity and BHI fully mediated the association between polyvictimization and depressive symptom severity–when accounting for age and location.DiscussionFindings highlight the importance of access to healthcare in modifying the association between polyvictimization and PTSD and depression symptom severity among Black transgender women. Findings call for immediate interventions aimed at reducing barriers to healthcare and improved training for clinical providers serving Black transgender women.

Shared Decision Making with Acutely Hospitalized, Older Poly-Medicated Patients: A Mixed-Methods Study in an Emergency Department.

Shared decision making (SDM) about medicine with older poly-medicated patients is vital to improving adherence and preventing medication-related hospital admissions, but it is difficult to achieve in practice. This study’s primary aim was to provide insight into the extent of SDM in medication decisions in the Emergency Department (ED) and to compare how it aligns with older poly-medicated patients’ preferences and needs. We applied a mixed-methods design to investigate SDM in medication decisions from two perspectives: (1) observational measurements with the observing patient involvement (OPTION 5) instrument of healthcare professionals’ SDM behavior in medication decisions and (2) semi-structured interviews with older poly-medicated patients. A convergent parallel analysis was performed. Sixty-five observations and fourteen interviews revealed four overall themes: (1) a low degree of SDM about medication, (2) a variation in the pro-active and non-active patients approach to conversations about medicine, (3) no information on side effects, and (4) a preference for medication reduction. The lack of SDM with older patients in the ED may increase inequality in health. Patients with low health literacy are at risk of safety threats, nonadherence, and preventable re-admissions. Therefore, healthcare professionals should systematically investigate older poly-medicated patients’ preferences and discuss the side effects and the possibility of reducing harmful medicine.

The Psychedelic Integration Scales: Tools for Measuring Psychedelic Integration Behaviors and Experiences.

In this study, we describe the development and initial validation of two psychometric scales for measuring psychedelic integration. Psychedelic integration refers to the post-acute period of time following psychedelic drug administration. We created the Integration Engagement Scale (IES) to capture positive behavioral engagement with integration and the Experienced Integration Scale (EIS) to capture internal aspects of feeling integrated. These scales were developed to measure post-acute psychedelic administration dynamics in order to inform the creation of enhanced integration support and to help refine a general conceptual understanding of the construct of psychedelic integration. The scales are brief and face valid instruments designed for practical use in applied and research settings. Scale items were generated and refined using the Iterative Process Model of scale development, with input from psychedelics experts and clinicians. Content validity, internal structure, and reliability were assessed via expert surveys, content validity analysis, cognitive interviewing, convergent validity analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis. The data indicates the scales are valid and reliable measurements of the behavioral and experiential forms of Psychedelic Integration.

Protocol of a mixed-method randomised controlled pilot study evaluating a wilderness programme for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: the WAYA study

IntroductionThe majority of childhood, adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors suffer from long-term and late effects such as fatigue, psychological distress or comorbid diseases. Effective health promotion strategies are...

Substellar Hyades Candidates from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey

We have used data from the UKIRT Hemisphere Survey to search for substellar members of the Hyades cluster. Our search recovered several known substellar Hyades members, and two known brown dwarfs that we suggest may be members based on a new kinematic analysis. We uncovered thirteen new substellar Hyades candidates, and obtained near-infrared follow-up spectroscopy of each with IRTF/SpeX. Six candidates with spectral types between M7 and L0 are ruled out as potential members based on their photometric distances (≳100 pc). The remaining seven candidates, with spectral types between L5 and T4, are all potential Hyades members, with five showing strong membership probabilities based on BANYAN Σ and a convergent point analysis. Distances and radial velocities are still needed to confirm Hyades membership. If confirmed, these would be some of the lowest mass free-floating members of the Hyades yet known, with masses as low as ∼30 M Jup. An analysis of all known substellar Hyades candidates shows evidence that the full extent of the Hyades has yet to be probed for low-mass members, and more would likely be recovered with deeper photometric and astrometric investigations.

Validation of the psychological safety, psychological empowerment, intrapreneurial behaviour and individual performance measurements

Purpose The purpose of this study is to assess the validity of the psychological safety (PS), psychological empowerment (PE), intrapreneurial behaviour (IB) and individual performance (IP) construct measurements originally developed in Western individualistic cultures. Design/methodology/approach Proportionate stratified systematic sampling was used among the production/operations middle managers in Nigerian medium enterprises (MEs), resulting in 355 valid responses. The measurements were analysed through internal consistency analysis, content, convergent and discriminant validity analysis. Findings The result shows that all four construct measurements are suitable and appropriate to gauge the respective constructs in collectivistic cultures such as Nigeria. Research limitations/implications Cross-sectional self-reported data were used to analyse the result of this study, which may lead to common method variance. Practical implications Organizations, especially MEs, can use the validated measurements of this study to enhance work results in the Nigerian context. Social implications Collectivistic cultures can benefit from the widely used measurements of PS, PE, IB and IP despite been originally developed in Western individualistic cultures. Originality/value This paper extends the body of knowledge by validating the measurements of PS, PE, IB and IP in collectivistic cultures such as Nigeria. Measurement validation for these constructs is scarce in this context. Thus, this study will provide a consistent and efficient reference for forthcoming studies and improve the credibility and replicability of future research results in collectivistic cultures.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Version of a Weight-Related Eating Questionnaire Using an Item Response Theory Approach

Valid and reliable measures are needed to identify individuals at risk of dietary restraint, emotional and external eating, and to customize weight loss education for more effective weight management. This study aimed to develop and validate a Chinese version of the Weight-Related Eating Behavior Questionnaire (WREQ-C) for assessing dietary restraint, emotional eating, and external eating. In stage one, the linguistic validation of the original English version of the WREQ (WREQ-E) was conducted. In stage two, the psychometric properties of the WREQ-C were first evaluated by item response theory-based (IRT) analyses. The reduced scale was then examined for convergent validity, structural validity (using a confirmatory factor analysis), population invariance, and test–retest reliability. The study included 1007 adults aged between 18 and 71 years. The IRT analysis optimally shortened the original WREQ-E from 16 to 13 items. A convergent validity analysis showed significant correlations between the WREQ-C subscales and the Chinese version of the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire subscales (r = 0.63–0.82). The 13-item WREQ-C demonstrated good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.74–0.89) and validity for assessing the psychological aspects of eating behavior, including routine restraint, compensatory restraint, susceptibility to external cues, and emotional eating in Chinese adults.

Chemically reactive Maxwell nanoliquid flow by a stretching surface in the frames of Newtonian heating, nonlinear convection and radiative flux: Nanopolymer flow processing simulation

AbstractThe effects of a chemical reaction and radiative heat flux in a nonlinear mixed thermo-solutal convection flow of a viscoelastic nanoliquid from a stretchable surface are investigated theoretically. Newtonian heating is also considered. The upper-convected Maxwell (UCM) model is deployed to represent the non-Newtonian characteristics. The model also includes the influence of thermal radiation that is simulatedviaan algebraic flux model. Buongiorno’s two-component nanofluid model is implemented for thermophoretic and Brownian motion effects. Convective thermal and solutal boundary conditions are utilized to provide a more comprehensive evaluation of temperature and concentration distributions. Dimensionless equations are used to create the flow model by utilizing the appropriate parameters. The computed models are presented through a convergent homotopic analysis method (HAM) approach with the help of Mathematica-12 symbolic software. Authentication of HAM solutions with special cases from the literature is presented. The impact of various thermophysical, nanoscale and rheological parameters on transport characteristics is visualized graphically and interpreted in detail. Temperatures are strongly enhanced with Brownian motion and thermophoresis parameters. Velocity is boosted with the increment in the Deborah viscoelastic number and mixed convection parameter, and the hydrodynamic boundary layer thickness is reduced. A stronger generative chemical reaction enhances concentration magnitudes, whereas an increment in the destructive chemical reaction reduces them and also depletes the concentration boundary layer thickness. Temperature and concentration are also strongly modified by the conjugate thermal and solutal parameters. Greater radiative flux also enhances the thermal boundary layer thickness. Increasing the Schmidt number and the Brownian motion parameter diminish the concentration values, whereas they elevate the Sherwood number magnitudes,i.e.enhance the nanoparticle mass transfer rate to the wall.

Numerical Solution of In-Viscid Burger Equation in the Application of Physical Phenomena: The Comparison between Three Numerical Methods

In this paper, upwind approach, Lax–Friedrichs, and Lax–Wendroff schemes are applied for working solution of In-thick Burger equation in the application of physical phenomena and comparing their error norms. First, the given solution sphere is discretized by using an invariant discretization grid point. Next, by using Taylor series expansion, we gain discretized nonlinear difference scheme of given model problem. By rearranging this scheme, we gain three proposed schemes. To verify validity and applicability of proposed techniques, one model illustration with subordinated to three different original conditions that satisfy entropy condition are considered, and solved it at each specific interior grid points of solution interval, by applying all of the techniques. The stability and convergent analysis of present three techniques are also worked by supporting both theoretical and numerical fine statements. The accuracy of present techniques has been measured in the sense of average absolute error, root mean square error, and maximum absolute error norms. Comparisons of numerical gets crimes attained by these three methods are presented in table. Physical behaviors of numerical results are also presented in terms of graphs. As we can see from numerical results given in both tables and graphs, the approximate solution is good agreement with exact solutions. Therefore, the present systems approaches are relatively effective and virtually well suited to approximate the solution of in-viscous Burger equation.

THIRD ORDER ITERATIVE METHOD FOR SOLVING NON-LINEAR PARABOLIC PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION IN FINANCIAL APPLICATION

In this paper, third order iterative scheme is presented for working the solution the non-linear stochastic parabolic equation in one dimensional space. First, the given result sphere is discretized by using invariant discretization grid point. Next, by using Taylor series expansion we gain the discretization of the model problem. From this, we gain the system of nonlinear ordinary difference equations. By rearranging this scheme, we gain iterative schemes which is called gauss Jacobean iterative scheme. To validate the convergences of the proposed system, three model illustrations are considered and answered it at each specific grid point on its result sphere. The coincident (convergent) analysis of the present techniques is worked by supported the theoretical and fine statements and the delicacy of the result is attained. The delicacy of the present techniques has been shown in the sense of average absolute error (AAE), root mean square error norm and point-wise maximum absolute error norm and comparing gets crimes in the result attained in literature and these results are also presented in tables and graphs. The physical gets of results between numerical versus are also been presented in terms of graphs. As we can see from the table and graphs, the present system approach are approximates the exact result veritably well and it's relatively effective and virtually well suited for working the solution for non-linear parabolic equation.

Psychometric Properties of Iranian Version of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (Short-Form of CSS)

Cyberchondria refers to a clinical phenomenon in which repeated Internet searches regarding medical information result in excessive concerns about physical health. Due to the lack of research on the psychometric properties of CCS-12 and the lack of appropriate tools cyberchondria measurement in Iran, this study was conducted to examine the psychometric properties of of the Iranian version of the CSS-12 (short-form). A convenience sample of 420 students (191 men, and 229 females) from Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences were selected to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Cyberchondria Severity Scale (CSS-12). The participants also completed the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II), Whiteley Index, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7). LISREL 8 and SPSS-24 were used to analyze data. Cronbach’s alpha, divergent and convergent validity and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted as well. The four-factor structure of CSS-12 (excessiveness, distress, reassurance and compulsion) was supported by the results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis in the Iranian sample. The CSS-12 had positive and significant correlations with health anxiety, intolerance of uncertainty, and GAD-7. Furthermore, the CSS-12 had a negative and significant correlation with the AAQ-II. In general, the four-factor structure of CSS-12 demonstrated acceptable psychometric properties among the Iranian sample. CSS-12 has appropriate psychometric properties for use in research and clinical practice.

An effective numerical simulation for solving a class of Fokker–Planck equations using Laguerre wavelet method

This work presents a fast and efficient approach for solving the Fokker–Planck equation via the Laguerre wavelet collocation method. Properties of the Laguerre wavelet are presented, along with the Laguerre basis to reduce the problems into systems of either linear or nonlinear algebraic equations. This system is then solved to find the unknown coefficients. A convergent analysis for the proposed scheme is explained through theorems. Several numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the method to a wide variety of similar problems. The results are compared to other methods through graphs and tables.