Conventional Unit Cell Research Articles

Unit Cell Optimization of Groove Gap Waveguide for High Bandwidth Microwave Applications

Recently, groove gap waveguides (GGWs) have shown significant potential in power handling and bandwidth enhancement compared to conventional waveguides. In this research work, we designed and developed an innovative mushroom-unit-cell-based groove gap waveguide (MGGW) that has shown improved bandwidth compared to conventional GGW structures. The dispersion characteristics of the MGGW were analyzed through the eigenmode solver feature of Microwave Studio CST, which showed that the bandwidth was improved by 8% compared to conventional unit cells in the microwave spectrum. To validate our proposed method for the physical dimensions of unit cell structures, we developed an MGGW structure for the S band, which shows similar trends aligning with the simulation results. The measurement results are promising as a reflection coefficient of less than −20 dB was achieved over the entire band for the WR284 Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) standard waveguide adapter. The proposed MGGW structure with improved bandwidth will open new doors for researchers to develop ultra-wide bandwidth microwave applications, i.e., filters, transmission lines, resonators, attenuators, etc.

Design of a CPW-based SSPP band-pass filter with reflectionless notch

Abstract This work proposes a band-pass filter (BPF) with a reflectionless notch based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs), utilizing interdigital coupling structures and novel transmission line unit cells. This filter efficiently transmits signals within the 0.67 GHz −4.06 GHz frequency range. By analyzing the equivalent LC circuit of the novel transmission line unit cell, its dispersion relation is derived using microwave network theory, with a cutoff frequency of 4.11 GHz. By comparing its dispersion relation with that of the conventional transmission line unit cell, the miniaturization capability of the proposed unit cell can be verified. In the BPF, loading a zigzag groove onto the central transmission line can be equivalently represented as an interdigital coupling structure, generating a stopband in the low-frequency range near 0 GHz. By deriving and analyzing its S-parameters, it is shown that the bandwidth of the low-frequency stopband can be flexibly adjusted by modifying the geometric dimensions of the zigzag groove. Additionally, loading another set of interdigital coupling structures onto the transmission line generates a notch at its resonant frequency of 3.4 GHz. It is noteworthy that in this configuration, the interdigital coupling structures along with the central transmission line can be represented equivalently as a set of CPW antennas. At the resonant frequency, the atructure radiates signals into free space, forming a reflectionless notch. Based on the simulations, a physical filter was fabricated and tested, showing excellent agreement between simulations and measurements.

DC characteristics of a dynamic vision sensor's photoreceptor circuit evaluated for event-based sensing in the mid-wave infrared

Forthcoming infrared event-based sensors will have utility in the space-based surveillance domain where they could potentially perform traditional sensing and tracking functions with significantly enhanced temporal resolution and reduced downstream datalink demands and power consumption. As a first step toward extending event-based sensing technology into the mid-wave infrared, a DC simulation of the conventional event-based sensor unit cell's photoreceptor circuit is performed, and the results are compared with measurements of a printed circuit board implementation of the same circuit to assess what design freedom is available to interface the photoreceptor with a mid-wave infrared photodetector. Detailed analysis of the circuit and measurements provides insight into which fundamental properties of the transistors drive the photoreceptor's dynamic range and demonstrates several characteristics that are relevant to mid-wave infrared sensing. These characteristics include the capability to produce a stable, low voltage bias on the infrared photodetector to maximize sensitivity, and that operating the circuit below room temperature increases the photoreceptor's dynamic range. Measurements show that even the simplest implementation of the photoreceptor circuit exhibits a dynamic range of logarithmic compression of 150 dB at room temperature. However, the dynamic range is ultimately limited by the mid-wave infrared photodetector's dark current activation energy, which is significantly lower than the threshold voltage (energy) of the photoreceptor's feedback transistor and, thus, there is an incentive for the photodetector's dark current to be diffusion-limited.

Miniaturized broadband high out-of-band rejection bandpass filter based on spoof surface plasmon polaritons with defected ground structure

In this paper, a novel compact bandpass filter (BPF) with a wide out-of-band rejection is proposed. It can achieve broadband characteristics by combining hollow bowtie-type spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) with complementary H-type defected grounded structures (DGSs) through aperture coupling. Compared with the conventional SSPP unit cells, the hollow bowtie-type structure exhibits much better slow-wave characteristics. The introduced slant antenna type port-coupling can produce a very strong high-performance rejection outside the high frequency stopband. Simulation results show that the SSPPs-DGS-based BPF has an excellent band pass characteristics in a broadband range with − 3dB fractional bandwidth of 43.5% at center frequency f0 of 2.04 GHz. The return loss in the passband is better than − 12 dB. Furthermore, because of the multiple transmission zeros generated in upper-stop-band, the designed BPF has an extremely strong out-of-band rejection of -40dB from 1.5 f0 to 4 f0 (f0 is the center frequency). The designed SSPPs-DGS-based BPF is fabricated by conventional printed circuit board (PCB) technology with a compact size of only 0.68λg*0.34λg (λg is the wavelength at the center frequency). The measured results have a good agreement with the simulation ones, which verifies the rationality and feasibility of the design. The miniaturized wideband BPF with broad out-of-band rejection may make it has good application prospect in the new generation microwave communication field.

Microstructural evolution of highly aligned discontinuous fiber composites during longitudinal extension in forming

The longitudinal extensional viscosity of a highly aligned discontinuous fiber (ADF) thermoplastic matrix composite is investigated to develop a model and validate microstructural evolutionary mechanisms. Samples stretched at constant temperature and strain rate are shown to exhibit a strain softening behavior. X-ray CT analysis and optical micrographs show that the composite microstructure deconsolidates before forming and evolves with deformation. The conventional unit cell micromechanical model includes the effects of matrix viscosity, fiber aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction. This model is modified to include the stiffening effect of fiber spacing variability, and the softening effects of porosity and decreasing fiber overlap length with elongation. Calibration of the model reveals that matrix shear strain rate is an order of magnitude higher than previously predicted due to local fiber spacing. This effect is captured by a fiber spacing variability parameter which scales average spacing down by an order of magnitude. The observed strain softening behavior is described and a combinations of fiber overlap length reduction and local fiber spacing increase.

Multiscale modelling for fatigue crack propagation of notched laminates using the UMAP clustering algorithm

In this study, a novel multiscale fatigue-damage model was developed based on the parametric finite-volume direct-averaging micromechanics theory (FVDAM), the uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP) algorithm, and the extended finite element method (XFEM) to accurately portray the progressive propagation of fatigue cracks in notched laminates. The UMAP clustering technique was integrated with fatigue damage evolution for the first time, enabling the construction of a reduced-order unit cell with fatigue information. Compared with the conventional FVDAM unit cell, the data was reduced to 0.4% of its original size, significantly accelerating fatigue damage calculations. The reduced-order unit cell was then incorporated into XFEM, functions as the fatigue damage criterion, transmitting fatigue damage information to meso- and macro-scales, and enables fatigue crack simulation in notched laminates. To further accelerate the calculation, a cycle-jump scheme was integrated, resulting in computational time being 10 times shorter compared to cycle-by-cycle simulation while maintaining accuracy. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed model, experiments of notched [±60]7s glass-fibre/epoxy laminates under three different fatigue loads were conducted. The simulation results of all three loads were within a scatter band of factor two, which was a good accuracy in fatigue, showing the effectiveness of the proposed model.

Chern, dipole, and quadrupole topological phases of a simple magneto-optical photonic crystal with a square lattice and an unconventional unit cell

For the study of topological phases in photonics, while quantum-Hall-type first-order chiral edge states are routinely realized in magneto-optical photonic crystals, higher-order topological states are mostly explored in all-dielectric photonic crystals. In this work, we study both first- and second-order topological photonic states in magneto-optical photonic crystals. In specific, we revisit a simple magneto-optical photonic crystal in a square lattice with one gyromagnetic cylinder in each unit cell. However, rather than investigating the conventional unit cell where the cylinder is at the center of the square unit cell as previous works have done, we consider a configuration where the cylinders are located at the four corners of the square unit cell and show that this configuration hosts rich topological phases, such as dual-band Chern, dipole, and quadrupole topological phases. Our detailed characterizations of these topological states are based on the Wannier bands and their polarizations via the Wilson loop and nested Wilson loop methods. We study in detail both the edge and corner states of the different topological phases and show that they exhibit a special feature of “spectrum robustness.” For example, though the edge and corner states of the dipole phases living in a band gap could be pushed into the bulk bands by tuning the boundary conditions, they can pass through the bulk bands and reappear within a different band gap. For dual-band quadrupole phases, we can find a regime where both band gaps host a set of corner states simultaneously and, intriguingly, the filling anomaly of one set of corner states can leave their signatures in the filling anomaly of the other set of corner states though they are separated by an extensive number of bulk states. The rich topological physics revealed in a simple magneto-optical photonic crystal not only provides new insights on higher-order topological phases in time-reversal symmetry-broken photonic systems, the results may also find promising applications by harnessing the potentials of both edge and corner states. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Probing the mechanism of guest-framework bonding interactions through a first-principles study on the structural and electronic properties of type-II clathrate A x Si136 (A = Na, K, Rb; 0 ≤ x ≤ 24) under pressure.

The role of noncovalent bonding, including multiatomic interactions (van der Waals-like forces) and ionic characteristics, in the intermetallic clathrate A x Si136 (A = Na, K, Rb; 0 < x ≤ 24) is qualitatively discussed. Using the local density approximation (LDA) to density functional theory (DFT), we investigated the effect of different guest filling and pressure parameters on the structural and electronic properties of these materials. In the context of the rigid-band model, we first noted that the competition between van der Waals-like multiatomic interactions and ionicity due to the extent of charge transfer responsible for guest-framework complexes accounts for the nonmonotonic structural response upon guest filling in A x Si136 (0 ≤ x ≤ 8), which is in good agreement with previous experimental findings as well as theoretical predictions. In comparison with computational work initiated under zero temperature and pressure conditions, the DFT calculations at high pressure (P = 3 GPa) show no apparent variation with respect to the electronic structure. Regarding the A16Si136 compound, the encapsulated sodium atoms residing in the 20-atom cage cavity act as centers of somewhat localized electrons compared with the alkaline metal sites inside Si28 cage voids. Moreover, the substitution of heavier guest atoms (e.g., Rb) for all the Na atoms in Na8Si136 yields less significant charge transfer between the guest and framework constituents. The net effect of quickly increasing multiatomic interactions and slowly decreasing ionic bonding between the encapsulated atom and Si28 cage may prevent the entire lattice configuration from contracting in a more rapid way when guest species are tuned from Na to Rb in A x Si136 (A = Na, Rb; 0 < x ≤ 8) with increased composition x. In other words, the coulombic attraction due to ionic bonding slightly outweighs the repulsive interaction between the Rb atom and Si28 cage. In addition, the determined formation energy per conventional unit cell in K8Si136, Rb8Si136 and Na12Si136 attains a minimum value, demonstrating the stabilizing effect of guests incorporated into "oversized" cage cavities.

Auxetic mechanical metamaterials with symmetry-broken Re-entrant units

Three innovative auxetic metamaterials with symmetry-broken unit cells and possible applicability in the construction and automotive industries are presented by breaking the mirror symmetries of the conventional re-entrant unit cell. The single symmetry-broken re-entrant (SBR), double symmetry-broken re-entrant (DBR), and hybrid symmetry-broken re-entrant (HBR) structures are fabricated via 3D printing and examined by experimental compression tests and finite element analysis (FEA). The proposed metamaterials exhibit remarkable specific energy absorption (SEA) properties in comparison to the benchmark symmetric-unit honeycomb, with the SBR model showing 103.9 % higher SEA. The novel structures also show superior stability under large compressive deformation, exhibiting excellent auxeticity in comparison to the symmetric-unit model. Parametric investigations reveal that the level of asymmetricity of the unit cells plays a key role in the stability and superior mechanical properties of the proposed metamaterials under compression. One set of parametric studies discovers an HBR structure with a special combination of SBR and DBR units which outperforms the parent structures under compression. Finally, parametric investigation of transverse and inclined compression of the structures indicated superiority of the DBR metamaterial to other structures due to having a deformation mechanism with organized self-contact regions. The DBR metamaterial owns 314 % and 86 % higher SEA rather than the benchmark honeycomb under transverse and inclined compression, respectively.

Tunable multi-metamaterials intergrated with auxiliary magnetorheological resonators

In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in utilizing multi-metamaterials for various purposes, such as vibration control, noise reduction, and wave manipulation. To enhance their performance and tunability, auxiliary resonators and magnetorheological elastomers (MREs) can be effectively integrated into these structures. This research aims to formulate the wave propagation analysis of periodic architected structures integrated with MRE-based auxiliary resonators. For this purpose, cantilever MRE beams are embedded into conventional unit cells of square and hexagonal shapes. Integrating MREs into multi-metamaterial structures allows for real-time tuning of the material properties, which enables the multi-metamaterial to adapt dynamically to changing conditions. The wave propagation in the proposed architected structures is analyzed using the finite element method and Bloch’s theorem. The studied low-frequency region is significant, and the addition of MRE resonators leads to the formation of a mixture of locally resonant and Bragg-type stop bands, whereas the basic structures (pure square and hexagonal) do not exhibit any specific band gaps in the considered region. The effect of different volume fractions and applied magnetic fields on the wave-attenuation performance is also analyzed. It is shown that band gaps depend on the material parameters of the resonators as well as the applied magnetic flux stimuli. Moreover, the area of band gaps changes, and their operating frequency increases by increasing the magnetic flux around the periodic structure, allowing for the tuning of wave propagation areas and filtering regions using external magnetic fields. The findings of this study could serve as a foundation for designing tunable elastic/acoustic metamaterials using MRE resonators that can filter waves in predefined frequency ranges.

3D-printed highly stretchable curvy sandwich metamaterials with superior fracture resistance and energy absorption

This paper focuses on the potential of curvy mechanical metamaterials to show how topological design can significantly enhance fracture toughness along the in-plane and out-of-plane (through-depth) directions. The conventional re-entrant unit cell is first reformulated by introducing local curvy ligaments and then additively manufactured by three-dimensional (3D) printing to form a center/edge-notch lattice metamaterial. The new conceptual design provides multi-stiffness unit cells, helping to control stress distribution within a structure under tensile load, specifically in the vicinity of the notches where stress concentrations occur. In other words, curvy unit cells are capable of arresting and blunting the notch under tensile loads and toughening the metamaterials. The crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) method calculates the fracture toughness. Not only can the fracture of lattice metamaterials be controlled along the in-plane direction by replacing unit cells in the sensitive parts of the metamaterials, but a new assembly method is also proposed. This offers that different thin plates of metamaterials with different layouts can be sandwiched to control out-of-plane fracture propagation (through-depth propagation of opening mode fracture) for the first time in fracture mechanics. This novel sandwiching method offers a multi-step fracture and significantly improves the fracture behavior of the lattice metamaterials from brittle to ductile by taking advantage of multiple through-thickness thin plates instead of considering one thick specimen. A detailed analysis of the effects of the ligament curvature value on the fracture behavior is presented. The results reveal that the more curvature, the more extension (ductility) will be realized, but too large curvature design can provide lower energy absorption capacity.

Super-compact equal/unequal half-mode substrate integrated waveguide filtering power dividers using complementary G-shaped resonator

ABSTRACT In this paper, three super-compact equal/unequal filtering power dividers (FPDs) by combining the half-mode substrate integrated waveguide (HMSIW) platform and the metamaterial unit cell are proposed. To miniaturized the total dimension of the proposed equal/unequal FPDs, the evanescent mode technique, the half-mode technique, and the stepped-impedance resonator (SIR) technique have been utilized, simultaneously. In the modified metamaterial unit cell, which is called the complementary G-shaped resonator (CGR) unit cell, the quasi stepped-impedance slot line is replaced instead of the conventional slot line in the circular complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) unit cell. Accordingly, the electrical size of the modified CGR unit cell is smaller than the conventional circular CSRR unit cell with the same physical sizes. Employing the introduced CGR unit cell and HMSIW structure, three equal/unequal FPDs with arbitrary power-dividing ratios have been designed and simulated. To illustration the performance of the proposed components, three HMSIW FPDs with different power division ratios of 1:1, 1:4, and 1:8 have been fabricated and measured. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured results has been achieved. The results demonstrate that a miniaturization factor of about 0.64 is achieved.

Deterministic Transport Calculation Method for Statistical Geometry with Small Fuel Particles

A deterministic transport calculation method is proposed for the treatment of dispersed fuel particles in a fuel compact/fuel pebble of a typical high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuel. The random distribution of fuel particles was considered using the statistical geometry (STG) method, which is widely used in the Monte Carlo method. A long-ray trace, which represents a neutron flight path, was considered, and the segment lengths and material distributions on the ray trace were randomly sampled using STG. Then a conventional transport sweep, as used in the method of characteristics, was performed along the ray trace. The proposed deterministic statistical geometry (DSTG) method can calculate the flux spatial distribution in a heterogeneous geometry containing randomly dispersed fuel particles and the surrounding graphite matrix, which is consistent with the STG in a Monte Carlo method. The validity of the DSTG method was confirmed through sensitivity calculations and comparisons with a multigroup Monte Carlo method that utilizes STG. The proposed method can be used for the homogenization of heterogeneous structures inside a fuel compact or fuel pebble as an alternative to conventional deterministic unit cell calculations that consider fuel particles and the surrounding matrix in high-temperature gas-cooled reactor fuels.

Multi-objective optimization of elastic metaplates for lightweight and ultrawide bandgaps

There is inevitably a conflict between multiple objectives when designing elastic metaplates (EMPs) with desirable functionalities from the perspective of practical applications. The non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II) and the improved fast plane wave expansion method (IFPWEM) are combined to develop a multi-objective topological optimization method for EMPs with ideal efficiency and accuracy regarding lightweight and bandgap characteristics. The results indicate that initial designs featuring concentrated scatterers can yield Pareto front solutions with greater structural diversity. Additionally, the appropriate mesh resolution and the number of iterations are determined based on convergence and computational costs. Note that the post-processing method is proposed to improve the manufacturability by utilizing the connected component labeling algorithm while achieving convergence at least 15 generations earlier than the results without post-processing. The bandgap characteristics can be effectively improved by 2.34 and 2.19 at the same relative density compared to the conventional unit cell embedded with square or circular scatterers, demonstrating the superiority of the method. Additionally, the optimization objectives are further strengthened by reducing the symmetries of the unit cells. The wave propagation within finite periodic lattices is also investigated numerically and experimentally. The results of this study would provide useful guidance for developing and optimizing EMPs in the future.

Formation energy crossings in Ga2O3-Al2O3 quasibinary system: ordered structures and phase transitions in (Al x Ga1−x )2O3

A quasibinary system of Ga2O3-Al2O3 offers a range of applications in wide bandgap semiconductor engineering. Different polymorphs and concentrations of (Al x Ga1−x )2O3 manifest a variety of structural and electronic properties, paving the way for tunability of (Al x Ga1−x )2O3 for specific functions. In this work, we investigate the energetics of alpha (α) and beta (β) polymorphs of Ga2O3 and Al2O3 by considering all possible configurations in a conventional unit cell. Using density functional theory, we show that the formation energies of (Al x Ga1−x )2O3 in α and β configurations start to coincide at 50% concentration (Al0.5Ga0.5)2O3. The corundum configuration then becomes more dominant (lower in energy) than its monoclinic counterpart at around 80% Al concentration. The lowest formation energy configurations for 50% concentration in both α and β polymorphs also manifest a preference towards an ordered phase. These show that the stability of Ga2O3-Al2O3 and its phase transitions are significantly influenced by the relative arrangements of Ga and Al within the quasibinary semiconducting crystal.

응답시간이 개선된 액정 기반 능동 반사 배열 안테나 단위 셀 구조

This paper presents a unit cell structure for liquid crystal (LC)-based reconfigurable reflective arrays, aimed at improving the imbalance in response time. Conventional LC-based reflectarray antenna unit cells, which have been widely used as high-gain beam-steerable antennas, have an imbalance in response time because of different alignment of LC molecules during the rise and decay times. By separating the metal layers in contact with the LC layer and applying four bias voltages, we generated both horizontal and vertical electric field. Accordingly, the decay time was improved by unifying the methods in which the LC molecules were aligned during the rise and decay times. Our measurements confirm that the decay time can be reduced to approximately 1/3 compared to the conventional structure, indicating the possibility of resolving the imbalance.

Effect of gradient structure on additively manufactured auxetic and hybrid auxetic structure for energy absorption applications

Additive manufacturing is the most widely used approach to fabricating cellular structures. Research interests in auxetics are increasing due to their unique properties like impact energy absorption. In this work, a novel approach to enhance the mechanical properties of auxetics is proposed. A hybrid auxetic structure is proposed that is the combination of a re-entrant and a conventional honeycomb unit cell. A uniaxial quasi-static compression study is carried out on auxetics and hybrid auxetic structures loaded along the x and y directions. The deformation patterns of the structures are discussed to understand the failure modes. The results showed that the hybrid structure possesses better compressive strength and specific energy absorption than the auxetic structure. Experimental results are closely matching with numerical results. Subsequently, the deformation mode is discussed to understand the structural failure.

다기능 투과배열 안테나 단위셀 소형화 설계를 위한 360° 반사형 축소형 아날로그 위상 천이기 설계

This study compares the designs of one-stage and two-stage reflection-type phase shifters for miniaturized S-band multi-functional transmit-array antennas. Both phase shifters have areas smaller than 0.2 λ0×0.4 λ0, which is less than half of the conventional unit cell size of 0.5λ λ0×0.5 λ0, and both phase shifters have a phase shifting range of more than 360°. The one-stage phase shifter requires a miniaturized hybrid coupler, 1/4 wavelength transmission line, and additional elements to implement a wide phase shifting range; hence, the phase shifter has a non-uniform insertion loss distribution and a peak insertion loss of 4.3 dB. The two-stage phase shifter outperformed the one-stage phase shifter; it had a relatively uniform insertion loss distribution of 2.5 dB because of its simple circuit structure.

Structures of elemental potassium at terapascal pressures

We investigate the pressure-temperature phase diagram of elemental potassium (K) up to multiterapascal (TPa) pressures using ab initio random structure searching (AIRSS), discovering eight structural phase transitions beyond the already known double hexagonal close-packed (dhcp) structure. Starting at 1.15 TPa, K transitions from the dhcp structure and passes through a variety of close-packed hexagonal and trigonal phases (dhcp $\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P{6}_{3}/mmc\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P3m1\ensuremath{\rightarrow}P\overline{6}m2)$, which differ only in their stacking sequence along the $c$ axis. At 2.55 TPa, K adopts the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure, and at 7.21 TPa transitions into a complex orthorhombic phase of $Fddd$ symmetry with 64 atoms in its (conventional) unit cell, before assuming an $Ibam$ structure at 8.60 TPa, and, eventually, the face centered cubic (fcc) structure at 23.6 TPa, which persists well into the petapascal (PPa) regime. Further, we calculate the full pressure-temperature dependence of the melting line of K through extensive molecular dynamics simulations. We study the evolution of the bonding topology of K with pressure, finding that K passes through two quasi-molecular phases featuring diatomic pairs (the $Fddd$ and $Ibam$ structures), before ultimately becoming a high pressure electride (HPE) in the fcc phase. The electron-phonon and superconducting properties of K at these extreme pressures are also investigated, where we find the critical temperature ${T}_{c}$ rises to a maximum of between 7.65 K and 15.70 K in the hcp phase, before eventually decreasing to essentially zero in the fcc phase. Our results fully elucidate the structural and electronic behavior of K under the most extreme conditions, and provide new case studies for multi-TPa dynamic compression experiments.

Flexible Ink-Minimized Screen-Printed Frequency Selective Surfaces With Increased Optical Transparency for 5G Electromagnetic Interference Mitigation

A thin, flexible and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based screen-printed band-stop Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) with ink minimization is experimentally demonstrated at 28 GHz using both planar and conformal configurations. A miniaturized conventional FSS unit cell is ink-minimized using surface meshing without compromising the angular stability of the transmission response of the surface within ±60°. This not only leads to reduced amount of expensive ink required in prototyping, thereby lowering the overall manufacturing cost, but also increases the optical transparency of the structure by a factor of 65% using an 80 μm line-width tolerance. Finally, the operation of the ink-minimized FSS is experimentally shown using a conformal geometry with two radii of curvature (60 mm and 114 mm) and a good filtering performance is confirmed. Useful for 5G electromagnetic interference (EMI) applications, these FSSs feature increased feasibility through improved transparency and reduced cost due to ink minimization.