Microstructural evolution of highly aligned discontinuous fiber composites during longitudinal extension in forming

Abstract

The longitudinal extensional viscosity of a highly aligned discontinuous fiber (ADF) thermoplastic matrix composite is investigated to develop a model and validate microstructural evolutionary mechanisms. Samples stretched at constant temperature and strain rate are shown to exhibit a strain softening behavior. X-ray CT analysis and optical micrographs show that the composite microstructure deconsolidates before forming and evolves with deformation. The conventional unit cell micromechanical model includes the effects of matrix viscosity, fiber aspect ratio and fiber volume fraction. This model is modified to include the stiffening effect of fiber spacing variability, and the softening effects of porosity and decreasing fiber overlap length with elongation. Calibration of the model reveals that matrix shear strain rate is an order of magnitude higher than previously predicted due to local fiber spacing. This effect is captured by a fiber spacing variability parameter which scales average spacing down by an order of magnitude. The observed strain softening behavior is described and a combinations of fiber overlap length reduction and local fiber spacing increase.