Conventional TV Research Articles

Screen media-based devices usage patterns: Comparison between digital immigrant parents and digital native adolescents

Smartphones are frequently the subject of digital screen media-based research due to their popularity. Other screen devices, such as computers, conventional TV, laptops, smart TV, and tablets, which have a significant impact on children’s and adolescents’ psychological behaviors, are rarely covered. Parents are considered the active agents who can regulate adolescents screen-based media use and control online risks. Parents of adolescents in developing countries are digital immigrants, and their consumption patterns of screen devices must be studied before exploring their media usage regulatory strategies for children and adolescents. To gather information on screen device usage patterns, including availability, usage, ownership, and screen time, a quantitative technique approach was used in the study. A statistical analysis was performed on survey data collected from 447 parent-adolescent dyadic samples (n=894). Results show a positive association between socio-economic status and the number of screen devices present in households. Parents and adolescents spend the same amount of screen time on conventional TV and smart TV as they do on smartphones. Tablets were the least used, but they had more screen time than laptops and computers. Screen time is associated with the intended use of the device. Screen time spent per device by digital immigrant parents is quite like that of their digital-native adolescents. Girls use smartphones often; boys spend more screen time with them. Parents’ screen-based media usage practices should also be regulated, as they highly influence their children’s screen time.

Value of painless transvaginal four-dimensional hysterosalpingo contrast sonography in reducing venous intravasation: a comparative study.

To investigate the value of painless transvaginal four-dimensional hysterosalpingo contrast sonography (TV 4-D HyCoSy) in reducing venous intravasation and its influencing factors through a retrospective comparative study on conventional TV 4-D HyCoSy. A total of 451 patients were enrolled in this study from Jan. 2019 to Oct. 2021. There were 249 patients in the painless TV 4-D HyCoSy group and 202 patients in the conventional TV 4-D HyCoSy group. The incidence of venous intravasation and its related influencing factors were analyzed and compared between these two groups. The difficulty of image evaluation for the diagnosis was also compared. There was no significant difference in the baseline characteristics between the painless group and the conventional group (p > 0.05). Compared with the conventional group, the painless group had a lower incidence of venous intravasation (16.9 vs. 24.8%; p = 0.039). Painless TV 4-D HyCoSy was more effective in reducing venous intravasation in patients with primary infertility (p = 0.032) without a history of pelvic surgery (p = 0.008) or ectopic pregnancy (p = 0.018). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that painless TV 4-D HyCoSy and endometrial thickness > 5mm were protective factors for venous intravasation. Moreover, the diagnostic procedure was easier in the painless group than in the conventional group (p = 0.002). Painless TV 4D-HyCoSy may be an effective mode in reducing the incidence of venous intravasation and improving the diagnosis of patency of fallopian tubes.

Reconstruction of Sparse-View X-ray Computed Tomography Based on Adaptive Total Variation Minimization.

Sparse-view reconstruction has garnered significant interest in X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging owing to its ability to lower radiation doses and enhance detection efficiency. Among current methods for sparse-view CT reconstruction, an algorithm utilizing iterative reconstruction based on full variational regularization demonstrates good performance. The optimized direction and number of computations for the gradient operator of the regularization term play a crucial role in determining not only the reconstructed image quality but also the convergence speed of the iteration process. The conventional TV approach solely accounts for the vertical and horizontal directions of the two-dimensional plane in the gradient direction. When projection data decrease, the edges of the reconstructed image become blurred. Exploring too many gradient directions for TV terms often comes at the expense of more computational costs. To enhance the balance of computational cost and reconstruction quality, this study suggests a novel TV computation model that is founded on a four-direction gradient operator. In addition, selecting appropriate iteration parameters significantly impacts the quality of the reconstructed image. We propose a nonparametric control method utilizing the improved TV approach as a solution to the tedious manual parameter optimization issue. The relaxation parameters of projection onto convex sets (POCS) are determined according to the scanning number and numerical proportion of the projection data; according to the image error before and after iterations, the gradient descent step of the TV item is adaptively adjusted. Compared with several representative iterative reconstruction algorithms, the experimental results show that the algorithm can effectively preserve edges and suppress noise in sparse-view CT reconstruction.

User Engagement Comparison between Advergames and Traditional Advertising Using EEG: Does the User’s Engagement Influence Purchase Intention?

In the context of human–computer interaction (HCI), understanding user engagement (UE) while interacting with a product or service can provide valuable information for enhancing the design process. UE has been a priority research theme within HCI, as it assesses the user experience by studying the individual’s behavioral response to some stimulus. Many studies looking to quantify the UE are available; however, most use self-report methods that rely only on participants’ answers. This study aims to explore a non-traditional method, specifically electroencephalography, to analyze users’ engagement while interacting with an advergame, an interactive form of advertising in video games. We aim to understand if a more interactive type of advertising will enhance the UE and whether, at the same time, it would influence the user’s purchase intention (UPI). To do this, we computed and compared the UE during the interaction with an advergame and a conventional TV commercial while measuring the participants’ brain activity. After the interaction with both types of advertising, the UPI was also evaluated. The findings demonstrate that a more interactive advertisement increased the participants’ UE and that, in most cases, a UE increment positively influenced the UPI. This study shows an example of the potential of physiological feedback applications to explore the users’ perceptions during and after the human–product interaction. The findings show how physiological methods can be used along with traditional ones for enhancing the UE analysis and provide helpful information about the advantages of engagement measurement in HCI applications.

INTERSEMIOTICS IN CONTEMPORARY ADVERTISING. FROM SIGN TRANSLATION TO MEANING COHERENCEi

The very informed contemporary advertising-reluctant consumer asks for coherence and transparency from the creators of the advertising discourses, who, on the other hand, try to be relevant using local and contextual features even if the brand is international (Pepsi uses a Romanian song within Shazam and the international brand Danone is “Made in Romania”). This paper explores a series of theoretical concepts, from intersemiotic complementarity and cohesion to a contextual model of social semiotics, from translation and adaptation theories to multimodality and intermediality, in order to find some simple instruments for the construction and adaptation of the advertising messages to the consumers’ social, technological and cultural context, able to better target an audience and to maintain coherence all along a discourse that uses from conventional print media and TV to very innovative mobile apps and other digital endeavors.

Applying niche and gratification theory approach to examine the users' indulgence towards over-the-top platforms and conventional TV

Recently, the advent of over-the-top (OTT) platforms had disrupted users’ viewing behaviour through technological advancement and personal adaptations impacting conventional TV viewing. Therefore, this study investigates the users’ indulgence level towards the OTT platforms and Conventional TV. It will also discuss how the socio-demographics of the users correlate with the seven components of the niche and gratification approach. 329 valid responses were administered utilising an online survey instrument using convenience and snowball sampling methods. Results of Multiple Hierarchical Regression reveal that all the Components of conventional TV have no significant correlation with the users’ socio-demographics. For OTT platforms, users’ family income shows a substantial correlation with the relaxation and convenience component. Except for the convenience component, the scores of niche breadth for all components of Conventional TV were found to be higher than those of OTT platforms. The competitive superiority of Conventional TV was found to be higher than OTT platforms in all the gratification components except the convenience component. Results show that the financial benefit and relaxation are the strongest niches for Conventional TV, while the convenience component exposed the strongest niche for OTT platforms. Though previous studies have focused on studying the user’s perceptions of the OTT platform’s picture quality and content specifications, this will be the first attempt to measure the indulgence of users towards OTT platforms and Conventional TV.

A Remarkable Evolution of Over-the-top Media Platforms in India: A Case Study of Business and Regulatory Trends

The Indian film and entertainment industry has shown a shift from conventional TV and big screen to Over-the-top media platforms. These platforms provide ease of access to stream anytime anywhere over the internet. With this study the researcher explored the remarkable evolution of these OTT platforms in India. To critically examine the study, the reasons of popularization of these platforms in Indian audiences were explored. As these platforms also have to face the criticism for showing inappropriate content, the researcher put insight into the regulatory changes made by the Government. The study implied that the evolution of OTT platforms started in 2008 with the launch of BIGFlix. A huge rise in consumer base had shown due to increased internet and smartphone base after 2015. The quality and creative content, youth-oriented population and lockdown due to COVID were the main reason of popularization of OTT platforms. The Government suggested self-classifying of the content and three-Tier mechanism to handle the grievances associated with these media platforms. The researcher adopted exploratory research design to have insights into the study. The secondary data from various news articles, blogs, reports, quality research papers were analyzed.

La deriva poética del relato audiovisual

El presente artículo analiza la deriva poética en los nuevos códigos narrativos de formatos audiovisuales, en concreto de los relatos de ficción fílmica y televisiva, para establecer si estos nuevos modos de construcción de la ficción cuestionan o refrendan las sustancias expresivas del discurso poético. La metodología, eminentemente cualitativa, incluyó el estudio de cuatro ejemplos de caso, dos series de ficción de televisión emitidas en plataformas digitales y canales de televisión convencionales y dos películas de distribución cinematográfica. En todos los casos se identificaron indicadores de análisis del reflejo de una realidad con valores inherentes a la escritura poética: intensidad, candor, nobleza y heroísmo, por un lado, y urgencia y necesidad vitales como estímulos creativos. La poesía está inherente en los relatos audiovisuales como una inyección de afectividad que dinamita la acción. El discurso poético metaforiza, sintetiza y nombra, y nuestras ficciones audiovisuales son deudores de este pulso creativo.

INFLUENCE OF ABERRATIONS OF OPTICS ON DENSITY OF RECORDING OF HOLOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

The problems of holographic recording of information are analyzed. Traditionally developed memory systems were aimed at storing “cold data” - digitized arrays of long-term storage with rare accesses to them. When recording analog holograms for these purposes, an essential role is played by optical aberrations. The influence of aberrations is analyzed both in binary information recording and image recording schemes. The obtained estimates of the recording density of information even with a decreasing coefficient determined by aberrations indicate the impossibility of transmitting such holograms over the radio channel. To solve the problem of transmitting holographic information over a radio channel in augmented reality and holographic television devices, it is proposed to use a coding method close to the method of transmitting information on one side band, which is known in the radio range, expressed in the transfer of two arrays equivalent in volume to a conventional TV channel and the synthesis of holograms on the receiving end of a channel.

Harmonious Coexistence of IEEE 802.11af Wireless LAN and Digital TV

ABSTRACT Congested Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) band stifles the growth of Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The recent switchover from analog to digital TV (DTV) broadcast frees from the conventional TV bands a sizeable amount of spectrum, which is commonly called TV white space (TVWS). TVWS is very attractive to many wireless technologies, including WLAN. IEEE came up with 802.11af, the standard for the WLAN technology that operates in TVWS. Nevertheless, it is unsure how best to guarantee its operation not causing harmful interference to DTV. In this paper, we present the conditions required for harmless coexistence of IEEE 802.11af WLAN and DTV. We make use of the standard prediction method based on radio propagation characteristics, i.e. the ITU-R P.1411-9 method which has been adopted in communication system planning. Based on our findings, we suggest the followings: (1) Operate IEEE 802.11af WLAN at any adjacent channel other than the first (i.e. except the closest neighbour channel). (2) The height of IEEE 802.11af installation does play a part when there is a relatively large separation distance between the WLAN and DTV (e.g. 50 m). (3) For outdoor operation, IEEE 802.11af WLAN should be installed at the second, third, or fourth channels adjacent to the DTV’s; fifth or sixth adjacent channel for indoor operation.

A study on the effect of the vertical sound field control of the flat panel display speaker on audience

Technological improvement in the display industry, the organic light-emitting diode(OLED) panel manufacturer changed the quality of picture and sound improvement. In previous research, we introduced the technology that uses the display panel as a speaker and also to improve the sound quality by improving the vibration characteristics and horizontal acoustic characteristics of an OLED panel. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the vertical direction sound of the TV and to consider auditory sense at various distances. When watching TV, unlike normal viewers, the infant and child viewers are too close to the screen. Acoustic transmission using conventional TV allows the reflected sound to propagate from downward. So, near the TV and in a low position, a loud sound is formed. This causes hearing damage at close range and low clarity at long range. The exciter speakers can basically eliminate these disadvantages of the sound field. And, by adaptive control of the sound, it is possible to transmit a clear sound in a wide space by reducing loss due to the distance. This paper introduces the results of the study on the improvement of sound quality through control algorithm and the protection of hearing audiences through sound field analysis.Technological improvement in the display industry, the organic light-emitting diode(OLED) panel manufacturer changed the quality of picture and sound improvement. In previous research, we introduced the technology that uses the display panel as a speaker and also to improve the sound quality by improving the vibration characteristics and horizontal acoustic characteristics of an OLED panel. In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of the vertical direction sound of the TV and to consider auditory sense at various distances. When watching TV, unlike normal viewers, the infant and child viewers are too close to the screen. Acoustic transmission using conventional TV allows the reflected sound to propagate from downward. So, near the TV and in a low position, a loud sound is formed. This causes hearing damage at close range and low clarity at long range. The exciter speakers can basically eliminate these disadvantages of the sound field. And, by adaptive control of the sound, it is possible to transmit...

Compressed sensing reconstruction of 7 Tesla 23Na multi-channel breast data using 1H MRI constraint

PurposeTo reduce acquisition time and to improve image quality in sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI) using an iterative reconstruction algorithm for multi-channel data sets based on compressed sensing (CS) with anatomical 1H prior knowledge. MethodsAn iterative reconstruction for 23Na MRI with multi-channel receiver coils is presented. Based on CS it utilizes a second order total variation (TV(2)), adopted by anatomical weighting factors (AnaWeTV(2)) obtained from a high-resolution 1H image. A support region is included as additional regularization. Simulated and measured 23Na multi-channel data sets (n = 3) of the female breast acquired at 7 T with different undersampling factors (USF = 1.8/3.6/7.2/14.4) were reconstructed and compared to a conventional gridding reconstruction. The structural similarity was used to assess image quality of the reconstructed simulated data sets and to optimize the weighting factors for the CS reconstruction. ResultsCompared with a conventional TV(2), the AnaWeTV(2) reconstruction leads to an improved image quality due to preserving of known structure and reduced partial volume effects. An additional incorporated support region shows further improvements for high USFs. Since the decrease in image quality with higher USFs is less pronounced compared to a conventional gridding reconstruction, proposed algorithm is beneficial especially for higher USFs. Acquisition time can be reduced by a factor of 4 (USF = 7.2), while image quality is still similar to a nearly fully sampled (USF = 1.8) gridding reconstructed data set. ConclusionEspecially for high USFs, the proposed algorithm allows improved image quality for multi-channel 23Na MRI data sets.

Class Concerns in a Heritage Setting: Viewers’ responses to Downton Abbey on IMDb

This article examines the TV series Downton Abbey (2010-15) from both a class and a reception perspective. Downton Abbey belongs to the heritage film genre with its claims to detailed historical accuracy, and is thereby separated from conventional costume drama and period TV series. ‘Official’ books on the series, written by Julian Fellowes’s niece and others, will be important references in the article. Downton Abbey comes close to presenting a conservative defense of the values and lifestyles of the aristocracy, but this vision of the elite and its values is challenged by some of the series’ (re)viewers. Non-professional reviews posted on the website International Movie Database include very critical opinions on class struggles and aristocratic privileges. Some respondents are satiric and forcefully oppose the values and interests of the propertied classes in the series; other reviewers in the same vein present analyses of power and class aspects in the series. These comments and criticisms are relevant to today’s class issues in Britain and elsewhere.

Steering Incentives and Bundling Practices in the Telecommunications Industry

We model mixed-bundle pricing by internet service providers (ISPs) to study their incentive to steer consumers across different subscription options and influence usage decisions. Using unique panel data from an ISP, we test predictions from the model. We find that the ISP’s introduction of internet usage allowances and overage charges steered internet-only consumers into bundled TV and inter- net subscriptions; this effect was greatest for heavy users of streaming services most similar to conventional TV. Internet usage growth - especially in streaming video services - was curtailed for consumers who added TV subscriptions, and it also fell for consumers who did not upgrade their internet usage allowances. We discuss the implications of these findings for antitrust and regulatory issues in the telecommunications industry.

QoE Assessment for IoT-Based Multi Sensorial Media Broadcasting

One of the goals of next generation TV broadcast services is to provide realistic media contents to the users. The user's sense of reality can be reinforced by adding to conventional media multiple sensorial effects, through five-sense stimulus (i.e., taste, sight, touch, smell, and hearing). In a smart TV broadcasting context, especially in a home environment, to deliver the additional effects, customary devices (e.g., air conditioning, lights, etc.), provided of opportune smart features, have to be preferred to ad-hoc devices, often deployed in other applications as for example in gaming systems. In this context, a key issue is the interconnection among the smart TV and the customary devices that deliver the additional sensorial effects to the user. In smart home use cases, the Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm has been widely adopted to connect smart devices and this paper presents an IoT-based architecture for multi sensorial media delivery to TV users in a home entertainment scenario. In such a framework, home customary devices, act as smart objects interconnected via IoT network to the smart TV and play a role to implement additional effects to the conventional broadcast TV service. In this paper, the requirements in terms of synchronization between media and devices is analyzed and the architecture of the system is defined accordingly. Furthermore, a prototype is implemented in a real smart home scenario with real customary devices, which allowed a subjective test measurement campaign to assess the quality of experience of the users and the feasibility of the proposed multi sensorial media TV service.

Interior tomography in microscopic CT with image reconstruction constrained by full field of view scan at low spatial resolution

In high resolution (microscopic) CT applications, the scan field of view should cover the entire specimen or sample to allow complete data acquisition and image reconstruction. However, truncation may occur in projection data and results in artifacts in reconstructed images. In this study, we propose a low resolution image constrained reconstruction algorithm (LRICR) for interior tomography in microscopic CT at high resolution. In general, the multi-resolution acquisition based methods can be employed to solve the data truncation problem if the project data acquired at low resolution are utilized to fill up the truncated projection data acquired at high resolution. However, most existing methods place quite strict restrictions on the data acquisition geometry, which greatly limits their utility in practice. In the proposed LRICR algorithm, full and partial data acquisition (scan) at low and high resolutions, respectively, are carried out. Using the image reconstructed from sparse projection data acquired at low resolution as the prior, a microscopic image at high resolution is reconstructed from the truncated projection data acquired at high resolution. Two synthesized digital phantoms, a raw bamboo culm and a specimen of mouse femur, were utilized to evaluate and verify performance of the proposed LRICR algorithm. Compared with the conventional TV minimization based algorithm and the multi-resolution scout-reconstruction algorithm, the proposed LRICR algorithm shows significant improvement in reduction of the artifacts caused by data truncation, providing a practical solution for high quality and reliable interior tomography in microscopic CT applications. The proposed LRICR algorithm outperforms the multi-resolution scout-reconstruction method and the TV minimization based reconstruction for interior tomography in microscopic CT.

The overlooked role of embeddedness in disruptive innovation theory

Disruptive innovation theory assumes that primary and secondary performance dimensions as well as price influence adoption and use differently depending on the product category. Study 1 tests this premise using a large and heterogeneous sample of consumers. We surveyed 871 users in three traditional, high-cost product categories (business software, video games, conventional TV) and three related, potentially disruptive, low-cost product categories (mobile business apps, mobile games, internet TV). The study does not find systematic differences between the effects of more technologically-oriented performance dimensions or price on adoption. Following an explanatory mixed-methods approach, Study 2, which relies on 32 in-depth interviews with consumers, shows that product embeddedness, a more socially-oriented dimension, may play a decisive role in explaining the results. Embeddedness, defined as the degree to which a product is anchored in the social, market and technological system of the user, is an important moderator that complements extant theory and may thus help to better understand the dynamics of disruptive innovations.

Light Shadows: Loose Adaptations of Gothic Literature in American TV Series of the 1960s and early 1970s

If today’s television landscape is ripe with Gothic or supernatural dramas (True Blood, Penny Dreadful, Supernatural), paranormal crime dramas (X-Files, Grimm) and, on children’s networks, animated or live-action sitcoms about monsters and ghouls trying to fit in at home or at school (Monster High, Every Witch Way), all of this programming can be traced back to its humble origins in the 1960s and 1970s. This study will focus on the creation of three different types of hybrid series that were aired during this early period and each of which attempted to combine supernatural characters and story-lines borrowed from traditional Gothic literature (and later from science fiction) with a different standard and rather conventional TV format. In the early 1960s, The Munsters on CBS and The Addams Family on ABC brought Gothic monsters and otherworldly misfits into the family sitcom. This was immediately followed by two successive contributions from TV producer-director Dan Curtis for ABC –first in the late sixties with Dark Shadows, the ‘Gothic soap opera’ that took the melodramatic afternoon serial format and spiced it up with dozens of overlapping subtexts on classic vampires, werewolves and witches, and then in the early seventies with two TV films that resulted in the first ‘paranormal investigation series’, Kolchak: The Night Stalker. In addition to analyzing the hybrid nature of these experimental programs and their rather light borrowing of literary icons in terms of adaptation, this study will also focus heavily on the context and television landscape into which these two-headed hybrids were born. To understand their countercultural value, one must first understand the type of programming that was dominant at the time, as well as the battle for dominance in those all-important Nielsen ratings that would drive certain networks to bolder experimentation. All three of these hybrid series were indeed the spoils of the Network Wars, and all involved third-place ABC’s attempt to overturn CBS’s unshakeable dominance through counter-programming and the targeting of new demographics. Finally, this article will also focus on the inherent paradox shared by these early ‘monster-mashes’, for at the time most of these series failed in terms of expected audience numbers, and all but Dark Shadows were canceled after one or two seasons. Yet, these series –though often camp if not unintentionally burlesque and with often laughably low production values by today’s standards –have still consistently grown in popularity over time, thanks to syndication, later reboots on TV and as feature films –making these initial hybrids and their off-the-wall characters cult icons today and leading to scores of current programs that readily admit to the significant influence of these early, low-budget experiments.

New Design of a Fiber Channel-Embedded Set-Top Box for IPTV Networks

The Internet protocol television (IPTV) service enables people to enjoy various Internet-based services via conventional TV watching. In the IPTV system, a set-top box (STB) is the key since it works as a terminal device that can relay real-time multimedia content from the Internet. However, the current IPTV STB functions as an attached device in a local area network although the actual IPTV network is usually served by an optical fiber-based network such as fiber-to-the-home (FTTH). Therefore, we introduce a novel fiber channel (FC)-embedded IPTV STB to fully use the sufficient optical fiber-based network bandwidth such as 1 Gbps. To verify the IPTV network capabilities by impact of the FC-embedded STB, we evaluate the performance of the FC-embedded STB-attached IPTV network architecture via extensible simulations in terms of an average startup-delay, an average reject ratio, and the number of concurrent users. Surprisingly, the suggested IPTV system demonstrates superior average startup-delay (less than 15 msec), an acceptable average reject-ratio less than 3%, and an almost linear increasing number of concurrent users, which reveals that the FC-embedded STB significantly affects the entire FC-AL-based IPTV network performance by efficiently facilitating the broadband optical fiber bandwidth.

Consumers’ Willingness to Pay a Premium for Eco-Labeled LED TVs in Korea: A Contingent Valuation Study

Although the production costs and prices of eco-labeled products are higher than those of conventional ones, the use of greener products can lead to better environmental outcomes. Thus, the consumers’ preferences for eco-labeled products should be investigated to understand the potential of markets with green products. This study attempts to examine the consumers’ preference or willingness to pay (WTP) a premium for eco-labeled products using a specific case study of a 43-inch LED TV, which is a common home appliance in Korea. For this purpose, a contingent valuation survey of 1000 Korean consumers was conducted in June 2016. We used a one-and-one-half-bounded dichotomous choice question to derive the additional WTP responses and a spike model to analyze zero additional WTP responses. The mean additional WTP a premium for the eco-labeled 43-inch LED TV is estimated to be KRW 29,007 (USD 24.8), which is statistically meaningful at the 1% level. This value amounts to 3.9% of the price of a conventional 43-inch LED TV (KRW 750,000 or USD 640.5) and can be interpreted as the external benefit of an eco-labeled LED TV. We can conclude that Korean consumers are ready to pay a significant premium for eco-labeled LED TVs. Moreover, we examined the consumer’s characteristics that affect the probability that the person will be willing to pay a premium for an eco-labeled LED TV and found that it would be effective to set high-income, older, highly-educated, and female consumers with children as marketing targets.