Conventional Systems Research Articles

Is the income of independent smallholder oil palm after replanting with a conventional system greater than the underplanting system in supporting the sustainability of oil palm plantations?

The sustainability of oil palm plantations is of particular concern from government. One of the problems that has not yet been realized is the target of replanting smallholder palm oil plantations. There are two replanting systems namely conventional and underplanting system. Some farmers do underplanting because it prevents farmers from losing their major source of revenue if they do not have oil palm plantations in more than 2ha. Smallholder oil palm producers in Sungai Bahar District with two system. The sampling approach employs simple random sampling with 44 sample conventional and 42 sample underplanting. According to the research findings, conventional system farmers’ income is higher than underplanting farmers with difference comparison 20.7%. Farming income using conventional is IDR 22,323,490/ha/year, while underplanting is IDR 12,519,214/ha/year. The difference is seen at higher production levels in the conventional system. Besides that, the application Good Agriculture Practice in conventional systems also affects the condition of the Fruit Fresh Bunches produced, including the use of appropriate fertilizer. Oil palm farming has reached the account the minimum wage (UMK) level, even above the applicable UMK level, taking into UMK for the district of Muaro Jambi in 2023 of IDR 2,900,000 per month in both two-system replanting.

Dinamika Ilmu Pengetahuan Dunia dalam Konteks Sistem Ekonomi Konvensional dan Sistem Ekonomi Islam

This research explores the dynamics of world science in the context of conventional economic systems and Islamic economic systems. The background reveals the central role of science in stimulating economic growth, as stated by Joseph E. Stiglitz, while the Islamic economic system emphasizes the integration of science with Islamic ethical values, as stated by Timur Kuran. The aim of the research is to investigate the contribution of science to economic growth in both paradigms, highlighting the essential comparison and potential integration of Islamic ethical values. The research method uses a comparative approach with literature analysis and in-depth interviews with economic experts and practitioners of Islamic economics. The results of the analysis show that science plays a role in the development of conventional economic systems and Islamic economic systems and encourages innovation and growth. This is demonstrated by the Islamic economic system which combines science with Islamic ethics, offering an inclusive and sustainable model. This comparison illustrates differences in views and the potential for integration, where Islamic ethical values can guide the application of science to achieve balanced economic growth. The implication of this research is the need to increase public education and awareness, government support, and the integration of ethical values in economic policy to achieve sustainable and inclusive economic growth.

Chilling effect: Turning the poison into an antidote for fundamental rights in Europe

In the famous case of Baka v. Hungary, Judge Sicilianos proposed that the European Court of Human Rights should recognize a subjective right for judges to have their individual independence safeguarded and respected by the State. Such a reading of Article 6 of the Convention would enable national judges to claim a violation of that provision each time their individual independence is interfered with. It would also allow the Court to address one of the critical blind spots in the Convention system. However, the Court left the proposal dormant until recently. It is now put before the parties in three pending cases. This article argues that the Court should seize the opportunity to enhance the protection of judicial independence, but not by employing the proposed subjective right approach. Instead, it should rely on the better alternative: the chilling effect. Such an approach would enable the Court to fill the gaps in the Convention while remaining faithful to the text and avoiding the impression that judicial independence is a privilege of judges.

Quantifying potential trade-offs and win-wins between arthropod diversity and yield on cropland under agri-environment schemes–A meta-analysis

In Europe, agri-environment schemes (AES) are a key instrument to combat the ongoing decline of farmland biodiversity. AES aim is to support biodiversity and maintain ecosystem services, such as pollination or pest control. To what extent AES affect crop yield is still poorly understood. We performed a systematic review, including hierarchical meta-analyses, to investigate potential trade-offs and win-wins between the effectiveness of AES for arthropod diversity and agricultural yield on European croplands. Altogether, we found 26 studies with a total of 125 data points that fulfilled our study inclusion criteria. From each study, we extracted data on biodiversity (arthropod species richness and abundance) and yield for fields with AES management and control fields without AES. The majority of the studies reported significantly higher species richness and abundance of arthropods (especially wild pollinators) in fields with AES (31 % increase), but yields were at the same time significantly lower on fields with AES compared to control fields (21 % decrease). Aside from the opportunity costs, AES that promote out-of-production elements (e.g. wildflower strips), supported biodiversity (29–32 % increase) without significantly compromising yield (2–5 % increase). Farmers can get an even higher yield in these situations than in current conventional agricultural production systems without AES. Thus, our study is useful to identify AES demonstrating benefits for arthropod biodiversity with negligible or relatively low costs regarding yield losses. Further optimization of the design and management of AES is needed to improve their effectiveness in promoting both biodiversity and minimizing crop yield losses.

Simulation of screw size effect on performance of electro-mechanical braking system

Electro-mechanical brakes (EMB) are promising alternatives to conventional braking systems, as they are eco-friendly and have lower maintenance requirements. Currently, researchers and automotive manufacturers are interested in developing the performance of EMB systems for implementation in commercial vehicles. Current studies are either conducted experimentally and/ or modeled using mathematical based simulation models using different vehicles kinematic and dynamic models. These models are time-consuming, and expensive in case of experimental implementation. This paper presents a simple and easy-to-construct simulation model using MATLAB Simulink Graphical user interface (GUI) without using conventional mathematical modelling techniques. The presented simulation model studies the effect of the lead screw size on performance of EMB in terms of the generated clamping force and system response time. The accuracy and reliability of the proposed model were statistically verified using ANOVA. In addition, its performance was verified by comparing its results with the same input data used in previously validated experimental and mathematical-based simulation models from the literature review. The proposed model can be used to improve the performance of EMB systems and facilitate comparisons among different EMB designs.

Flexible Magnetocaloric Fiber Mats for Room-Temperature Energy Applications.

Currently, magnetocaloric refrigeration technologies are emerging as ecofriendly and more energy-efficient alternatives to conventional expansion-compression systems. However, major challenges remain. A particular concern is the mechanical properties of magnetocaloric materials, namely, their fatigue under cycling and difficulty in processing and shaping. Nevertheless, in the past few years, using multistimuli thermodynamic cycles with multicaloric refrigerants has led to higher heat-pumping efficiencies. To address simultaneously the challenges and develop a multicaloric material, in this work, we have prepared magnetocaloric-based flexible composite mats composed of micrometric electroactive (EA) polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) fibers with embedded magnetocaloric/strictive La(Fe,Si)13 particles by the simple and cost-effective electrospinning technique. The composite's structural characterization, using X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and measurements of the local-scale piezoresponse, revealed a cubic NaZn13-type structure of the La(Fe,Si)13 phase and the formation of the dominant polar β-phase of the PVDF polymer. The PVDF-La(Fe,Si)13 composite showed an enhancement of the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient (effective d33) (-11.01 pm/V) compared with the single PVDF fiber matrix (-9.36 pm/V). The main magnetic properties of La(Fe,Si)13 powder were retained in the PVDF-La(Fe,Si)13 composite, including its giant magnetocaloric effect. By retaining the unique magnetic properties of La(Fe,Si)13 embedded in the electroactive piezoelectric polymer fiber mats, we have designed a flexible, easily shapeable, and multifunctional composite enabling its potential application in multicaloric heat-pumping devices and other sensing and actuating devices.

Simulation of robot arm system control using fuzzy logic

This study explains a robot arm system control simulation using a fuzzy logic controller. The robot arm is a nonlinear system and is not easily controlled using a conventional control system since the mathematical model of the system is not easy to obtain. Considering these problems, this final project presents a simulation of a fuzzy logic controller on a robot arm system. The aim of this control is to move the robot arm at an angular speed thus the robot gets the desired torque or the right position. Determining fuzzy rules greatly influences system stability. This control network produces output in the form of torque while the robot arm system calculates the next torque from the robot. The best output results were found on the triangular curve at response 2 because of the difference in values 0.01 on the final angle obtained.

Heat recovery with low pressure loss for natural ventilation

Regenerative heat exchangers are widely used in life support systems, gas turbines, boilers and other high-temperature industrial installations. These heat exchangers are used for cooling and heating gases, humidification and dehumidification of gases, heat recovery from high-potential heat carriers. Today, the increase in energy consumption and the increase in energy prices require a large-scale energy-saving policy in the creation of modern engineering structures – residential, commercial and industrial facilities alike. When designing and creating life support systems to save energy, it is advisable to use secondary energy resources, such as, for example, the heat of the air removed from the room. The energy intensity of conventional ventilation systems is on average 50–80% of the total energy intensity of the engineering systems of the facility where they are operated. The use of rotating regenerative heat exchangers in ventilation and air conditioning systems makes it possible to return up to 85% of heat to the system at a relatively low capital investment. In this regard, when improving such systems, considerable attention should be paid to the calculation, optimization and increase in the efficiency of heat exchangers. Thus, this work is about increasing the efficiency of rotating regenerative heat exchangers in ventilation and air conditioning systems.

Ultra-miniature dual-wavelength spatial frequency domain imaging for micro-endoscopy.

There is a need for a cost-effective, quantitative imaging tool that can be deployed endoscopically to better detect early stage gastrointestinal cancers. Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a low-cost imaging technique that produces near-real time, quantitative maps of absorption and reduced scattering coefficients, but most implementations are bulky and suitable only for use outside the body. We aim to develop an ultra-miniature SFDI system comprising an optical fiber array (diameter 0.125mm) and a micro camera ( package) to displace conventionally bulky components, in particular, the projector. First, we fabricated a prototype with an outer diameter of 3mm, although the individual component dimensions could permit future packaging to a diameter. We developed a phase-tracking algorithm to rapidly extract images with fringe projections at three equispaced phase shifts to perform SFDI demodulation. To validate the performance, we first demonstrate comparable recovery of quantitative optical properties between our ultra-miniature system and a conventional bench-top SFDI system with an agreement of 15% and 6% for absorption and reduced scattering, respectively. Next, we demonstrate imaging of absorption and reduced scattering of tissue-mimicking phantoms providing enhanced contrast between simulated tissue types (healthy and tumour), done simultaneously at wavelengths of 515 and 660nm. Using a support vector machine classifier, we estimate that sensitivity and specificity values of are feasible for detecting simulated squamous cell carcinoma. This device shows promise as a cost-effective, quantitative imaging tool to detect variations in optical absorption and scattering as indicators of cancer.

Bit-island arrangement and signal processing in double-layer magnetic recording technology

The escalating demand for high-density storage of hard disk drives has prompted the innovation of advanced technologies to significantly boost an areal density (AD). Among these, three-dimensional magnetic recording systems incorporating double recording layers and bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) have currently emerged as one promising solution. Therefore, this article investigates the integration of double-layer magnetic recording and BPMR technologies which is called double-layer BPMR, aiming for a substantial increase in AD. The primary focus lies on minimizing inter-layer interference and mitigating two-dimensional interferences by optimizing bit-island sizes for both upper and lower layers under the incorporation of staggered-like recording media arrangement and an array of magneto-resistive readers. Moreover, we also employ a rate-5/6 modulation code for compensating these effects. Detailed examinations reveal that our proposed system has a superior bit-error rate performance compared with conventional single-layer BPMR system.

Rice-based integrated farming system improves the soil quality, bacterial community structure and system productivity under sub-humid tropical condition.

Rice-based integrated farming system improves the productivity and profitability by recycling resources efficiently. In the sub-humid tropics, rice production without sufficient nutrient replenishment often leads to soil health and fertility degradation. There has been very limited research on soil health and fertility after adopting a multi-enterprising rice-based integrated farming system (IFS), notably in the rice-fish-livestock and agroforestry system, when compared to a conventional farming system (CS). Therefore, the present study analyzed the dynamics of soil properties, soil bacterial community structure and their possible interaction mechanisms, as well as their effect on regulating soil quality and production in IFS, IFSw (water stagnant area of IFS) and CS. The results indicated that soil nutrient dynamics, bacterial diversity indices (Shannon index, Simpson index, Chao 1, ACE and Fisher index) and system productivity were higher in IFSw and IFS compared to CS. Moreover, relative operational taxonomic units of dominant bacterial genera (Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, Planctomycetes, Cyanobacteria, Crenarchaeota and Gemmatimonadetes) were also higher in IFSw and IFS compared to CS. Mean soil quality index (SQI) was highest in IFSw (0.780 ± 0.201) followed by IFS (0.770 ± 0.080) and CS (0.595 ± 0.244). Moreover, rice equivalent yields (REY) and rice yields were well correlated with the higher levels of soil biological indices (SQIBiol) in IFS. Overall, our results revealed that rice-based IFS improved the soil health and fertility and ensuing crop productivity through positive interaction with soil bacterial communities and nutrient stoichiometry leading to agroecosystem sustainability.

Fabrication of a polishable and reusable triple electrode as a new generation of three-electrode systems for the electrochemical analysis applications through both immersion and drop casting-procedures

An innovative three-electrode system was developed for electrochemical analysis, aiming to overcome the limitations of conventional approaches. The system incorporates a glassy carbon rod as the working electrode, platinum wire as the counter electrode, and silver wire as the quasi-reference electrode that are positioned within an epoxy resin substrate. The advantages of this type of three-electrode system include the possibility of sample analysis in both drop mode and when immersed in the solution, low manufacturing cost, reduction of chemical consumption, no need for special maintenance protocols, no requirement for stand, absence of liquid junction potential (due to the direct contact of the reference electrode with the solution), usability for on-site analysis, and usability for non-aqueous solutions.To check the efficiency of this electrode, cyclic voltammetry technique was used. Also, for direct comparison of PTE with conventional three-electrode system and screen-printed electrode (SPE), current density was used instead of peak current. According to the results, PTE system shows more peak current for the same surface area of the working electrode compared to other systems, which shows the high efficiency of the proposed system for electrochemical analysis. Acetaminophen (ACT) was chosen in order to investigate the ability to measure an analyte with PTE using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The linear range was obtained from 29.12 μM to 609.37 μM with a detection limit (LOD) 20.22 μM. Also, PTE was used to measure ACT in tablet as real sample.

Substations power quality improvement by flexible alternating current transmission system devices

<p>The increase in load demand has a negative impact on power system quality, reliability, and stability. Transporting reactive power from the generating side to the distribution side reduces the transmission line’s capacity to deliver active power to loads. In conventional power systems, during faults or sudden loads, the load flow changes and causes extra voltage drop. Reactive power compensation at the load side can improve voltage quality at distribution busbars, but the conventional compensation method doesn’t offer the required flexibility. With the development of the power electronics industry, flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices have been introduced. There are many categories for FACTS controllers, including series, shunt, and hybrid, which can exhibit dynamic operating characteristics. In this paper, two types of FACTS devices (STATCOM and fixed capacitor-thyristor-controlled reactors (FCTCR)) have been used to improve voltage profile in a part of Iraq’s high voltage power system during unusual operating conditions, such as sudden loads and the absence generation. Load flow calculations were conducted to determine the critical bus, and then the performance of the FACTS devices was investigated during heavy loading when the devices were connected separately to the critical bus. The voltage drop in the bus was 1.58%, which reduced to 0.78% with STATCOM and 0.96% with FCTCR.</p>

Unveiling Cryptocurrency Impact on Financial Markets and Traditional Banking Systems: Lessons for Sustainable Blockchain and Interdisciplinary Collaborations

The advent of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology has sparked a revolutionary shift in the financial sector. This study sets out on a wide-ranging investigation to understand the nuanced dynamics, repercussions, and potential future paths of this shifting environment in the UK and USA. The primary goals of the research are to examine how cryptocurrencies affect financial markets and conventional banking systems; to examine how blockchain technology might be used in the financial sector; to assess policy and regulatory considerations; and to predict and plan for the future. This research digs into how cryptocurrencies have revolutionized the banking and finance sectors. Analysis of adoption rates, market volatility, and integration methods sheds light on the changing position of cryptocurrencies in investment portfolios, reconfiguration of asset classes, and coping mechanisms of conventional financial institutions. When looking at the financial sector as a whole, the transformational potential of blockchain technology becomes clear. The advent of DeFi, smart contracts, and asset tokenization offers new prospects to improve financial transactions, increase transparency, and broaden participation in the investment market. The research analyzes cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology from a policy and regulatory perspective. The delicate balancing act between stimulating innovation and guaranteeing consumer protection, market integrity, and financial stability is highlighted by a comparison of the regulatory methods adopted in the United Kingdom and United States, as well as proposals from international organizations. The research identifies potential future paths for these technologies and their implications. Opportunities and challenges that will influence the future of finance emerge, with a focus on central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), sustainable blockchain solutions, and interdisciplinary collaborations. As this deep dive comes to a close, the transformational power of cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology is highlighted. It sheds light on the forces that are altering the structures of the world’s financial markets, conventional banking structures, and regulatory frameworks. The findings and critical assessment stress the need for well-considered choices, ethical innovation, and interdisciplinary cooperation in order to succeed in an ever-changing environment. To further democratize access, improve transparency, and reshape the economic fabric of our planet, the future of finance resides at the confluence of tradition and innovation, where cryptocurrencies and blockchain technology exist.

Rotation-Tolerant Wireless Power Transmission Scheme with Smart Positioning for Cognitive Research on Moving Animals.

This article presents a novel wireless power transmission scheme designed for moving loads. Specifically focused on compensating for the tilt misalignment of the receiver. By utilizing phase-shifted excitation signals from an array of transmitters, the proposed scheme effectively mitigates the impact of misalignment, locally. The application of this scheme holds particular relevance for studying the behavior of moving animals in cognitive research. The system incorporates a cage with two transmitter arrays positioned on the top and bottom sides. To smart determining the receiver's position, the proposed structure utilizes current feedback from the driving circuits and employs SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification algorithms for positioning. Furthermore, when the receiver coil is tilted, a phase shift mechanism significantly enhances the power delivered to the receiver. Additionally, the use of an overlapped transmitter array enhances rotation tolerance and improves the uniformity of the magnetic fields for moving objects. The performance of the proposed scheme is validated through extensive simulations and measurements using a fabricated prototype. Notably, the designed system achieves a power delivery of 296 mW to the load at a 90° angular misalignment, compared to 1.67 µW delivered by conventional array system.

Evaluation of nutrition status and fertilization recommendations for lowland paddy (Case study in Merigi Kelindang District, Bengkulu Central Regency)

Farmer fertilization doses are generally insufficient compared to the recommended doses therefore causing low productivity of rice plants. This study aims to evaluate soil nutrient status to determine site-specific fertilization recommendations in Merigi Kelindang District, Central Bengkulu Regency. This study was carried out in February-April 2022 in Merigi Kelindang District, Central Bengkulu Regency, Bengkulu Province. Data was collected by taking composite soil samples at random after harvesting or before the first tillage. Determination of nutrient levels of N, P, K, and soil pH using the at Paddy Soil Test Kit. Data were analyzed descriptively comparatively. The results showed that the nutrient status of paddy fields in Merigi Kelindang District was low N 72%, medium N 14%, high N 7%, and very high 7%. P nutrient status was medium at 93% and low at 7%. High K nutrient status 100%. Meanwhile, pH status is acidic at 7% and slightly acidic at 93%. Recommendations for fertilizer usage in the Merigi Kelindang sub-district as follow; Urea 300 kg/ha for sandy soil (clay content < 20%) or 250 kg in clayey soil (clay content >20%); SP-36 fertilizer (100 kg/ha); KCl (50 kg/ha) without the use of paddy straw as compost and no KCL needed if 5 t/ha paddy straw compost used. Recommendations for soil management with a soil pH value of 5-6 (slightly acidic) are conventional drainage systems and the application of urea as N fertilizer.

A Robust Study of High-redshift Galaxies: Unsupervised Machine Learning for Characterizing Morphology with JWST up to z ∼ 8

Galaxy morphologies provide valuable insights into their formation processes, tracing the spatial distribution of ongoing star formation and encoding signatures of dynamical interactions. While such information has been extensively investigated at low redshift, it is crucial to develop a robust system for characterizing galaxy morphologies at earlier cosmic epochs. Relying solely on nomenclature established for low-redshift galaxies risks introducing biases that hinder our understanding of this new regime. In this paper, we employ variational autoencoders to perform feature extraction on galaxies at z > 2 using JWST/NIRCam data. Our sample comprises 6869 galaxies at z > 2, including 255 galaxies at z > 5, which have been detected in both the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey Hubble Space Telescope fields and the Cosmic Evolution Early Release Science Survey done with JWST, ensuring reliable measurements of redshift, mass, and star formation rates. To address potential biases, we eliminate galaxy orientation and background sources prior to encoding the galaxy features, thereby constructing a physically meaningful feature space. We identify 11 distinct morphological classes that exhibit clear separation in various structural parameters, such as the concentration, asymmetry, and smoothness (CAS) metric and M 20, Sérsic indices, specific star formation rates, and axis ratios. We observe a decline in the presence of spheroidal-type galaxies with increasing redshift, indicating the dominance of disk-like galaxies in the early Universe. We demonstrate that conventional visual classification systems are inadequate for high-redshift morphology classification and advocate the need for a more detailed and refined classification scheme. Leveraging machine-extracted features, we propose a solution to this challenge and illustrate how our extracted clusters align with measured parameters, offering greater physical relevance compared to traditional methods.

Prognostic implications of T stage in different pathological types of colorectal cancer: an observational study using SEER population-based data

ObjectivesColorectal cancer (CRC) encompasses a spectrum of pathological types, each exhibiting distinct biological behaviours that challenge the conventional T-staging system’s predictive efficiency. Thus, this study aims to explore the prognostic...

Abstract 89: Portable, Low-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Determining Mismatch Following Acute Ischemic Stroke

Background and Aims: Treatment options for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are uniquely dependent on the time of stroke onset. Intravenous thrombolysis must be administered within 4.5 hours of symptoms commencing, yet a subset of patients wake-up with symptoms and time of onset is unknown. Mismatch between fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI can be used to qualify wake-up strokes for thrombolysis. This has been shown to lead to improved functional outcomes in multicenter trials (WAKE-UP, MR-WITNESS). However, access to MRI is a barrier to differential diagnosis and subsequent treatment. Recent advances in portable, low-field MRI (LF-MRI) offer a solution to increase access to MRI technologies and circumvent the limitations of conventional systems. As such, in this pilot study, we sought to establish the utility of portable LF-MRI to identify DWI-FLAIR mismatch following AIS. Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of AIS presenting to Emergency Department or Intensive Care Unit of the Yale New Haven Hospital or Massachusetts General Hospital from January 2020 to June 2023 underwent DWI and FLAIR acquisition on a 0.064T MRI (Hyperfine Research Inc.) at &lt;4.5 hours ( n =7), 4.5-6 hours ( n =7), and 6-48 hours ( n =110) since last known well (LKW). Conventional high-field (HF) MR images were acquired within 72 hours of LF-MRI. HF-DWI images were co-registered to LF-FLAIR and the hyperintense DWI stroke lesion segmented and superimposed on the FLAIR. The segmentation was mirrored to the contralateral hemisphere of the LF-FLAIR to establish a FLAIR signal intensity ratio (SIR). Results: The FLAIR SIR on images &lt;4.5 hours since LKW was 0.98±0.08. The SIR for cases 4.5-6 hours was 1.34±0.33. Cases 6-48 hours produced a SIR of 1.56±0.36. The SIR at &lt;4.5 hours was significantly less than that observed &gt;6 hours since LKW ( p =0.03). Conclusion: This pilot study demonstrates that a 0.064T portable MRI is capable of distinguishing hyperacute stroke from later stroke onset using FLAIR SIR. Future research is needed in a larger cohort to determine if this imaging technology can be used to guide thrombolysis in the setting of wake-up stroke.

Implementation of The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology improves diagnostic accuracy of selective upper urinary tract cytology.

The Paris System for Reporting Urine Cytology (TPS) recommends diagnostic criteria for urinary tract cytology, focusing primarily on the detection of high-grade urothelial carcinoma (HGUC) in the lower urinary tract. The second edition of TPS (TPS 2.0), published in 2022, extends these recommendations to the upper urinary tract (UUT); however, there is a lack of comprehensive data on this subject. In total, 223 consecutive UUT cytology specimens from 137 patients were retrieved and reclassified according to TPS 2.0 criteria and were compared with the original diagnosis based on the conventional system (CS). Histologic follow-up within a 3-month period was conducted for 43 patients. Histologic follow-up revealed 30 HGUCs, five low-grade urothelial carcinomas (LGUCs), and eight nonneoplastic fibrotic tissues. The risk of high-grade malignancy for each TPS diagnostic category was 16.7% for nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory, 2.3% for negative for HGUC (NHGUC), 42.1% for atypical urothelial cells, 50.0% for suspicious for HGUC (SHGUC), and 81.8% for HGUC. In all five cases of histologically diagnosed LGUC, the cytologic diagnosis was NHGUC. When SHGUC/HGUC was considered positive, the diagnostic accuracy of TPS had 63% sensitivity, 95% specificity, a 90% negative predictive value, and a 79% positive predictive value, which were better than those of CS. In addition, the TPS indices did not differ significantly between the specimens obtained before and after the application of contrast reagents. TPS implementation improved the accuracy of UUT cytology in predicting histologic HGUC, which was unaffected by the application of contrast reagents. These data indicate the usefulness of TPS for UUT cytology in routine clinical settings.