Conventional Rectangular Patch Research Articles

A Novel Circular Slotted Microstrip-Fed Patch Antenna with three Triangle Shape Defected Ground Structure for Multiband Applications

In this paper, a novel circular slotted rectangular patch antenna with three triangle shape Defected Ground Structure (DGS) has been proposed. Radiating patch is made by cutting circular slots of radius 3 mm from the three sides and center of the conventional rectangular patch structure and three triangle shape defects are presented on the ground layer. The size of the proposed antenna is 38 X 25 mm2. Optimization is performed and simulation results have been obtained using Empire XCcel 5.51 software. Thus, a miniaturized antenna is designed which has three impedance bandwidths of 0.957 GHz, 0.779 GHz, 0.665 GHz with resonant frequencies at 3.33 GHz, 6.97 GHz and 8.59 GHz and the corresponding return loss at the three resonant frequencies are -40 dB, -43 dB and -38.71 dB respectively. A prototype is also fabricated and tested. Fine agreement between the measured and simulated results has been obtained. It has been observed that introducing three triangle shape defects on the ground plane results in increased bandwidth, less return loss, good radiation pattern and better impedance matching over the required operating bands which can be used for wireless applications and future 5G applications.

Compact Tri-Band Notched Characteristics UWB Antenna for WiMAX, WLAN and X-Band Applications

Compact microstrip-fed printed monopole antenna with triple band-notched characteristics is suggested for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications. The antenna is constructed of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna with partial ground plane and T-shaped strip employed in the ground plane as well as an inverted Ω- and L-shaped slots incorporated within the radiated element. The notched functions are created by the inverted Ω- and L-shaped slots, which are realized for WiMAX (from 2.69 to 4.5 GHz) and WLAN (from 5.49 to 6.37 GHz). The T-shaped parasitic strip generates the third notch for the X-band uplink satellite communication (from 8.15 to 9.61 GHz). The measured operating -10 dB bandwidth of the proposed antenna extends from 2.39 to more than 18 GHz except at the notched bands. The prototype antenna has a total area of 20×20×1.6 mm3. Electromagnetic (EM) simulations are carried out using 3D full-wave FEM-based simulator. EM simulation results are in good agreement with measurement results. The radiation pattern of the proposed antenna is nearly Omni-directional over the whole targeted band.

The striped rectangular patch antenna

AbstractIn this article, both the patch and the ground plane of the conventional rectangular patch antenna are sliced into 5 strips along its E‐plane, respectively. The strip widths of the sliced patch are the same, and the gaps between the neighboring strips are uniform. Considering the solder and the current distribution on the ground, the inner 3 strips of the sliced ground are kept the same widths and just change the widths of the outer strips and the gaps, and these gaps are the same as well in the designs. Then, the conventional and one‐sliced antenna prototypes are fabricated to be compared. They are excited by the coaxial probes and the substrates are Wangling F4BM220, where the height is 1.50 mm, the permittivity is 2.20, and its tangent loss is 0.001. The dimension of the substrate is 40 × 40 mm. The measured results agree well with those of the simulations. Both the impedance and realized gain bandwidths of the sliced antenna are wider than those of the conventional ones. However, the realized gain reduces after being sliced. Finally, the parametric study on different gaps of the ground plane is also investigated.

A single feed dual-band (2.4 GHz/5 GHz) miniaturized patch antenna for wireless local area network (WLAN) communications

A single feed dual-band miniaturized microstrip patch antenna for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) communications has been proposed. The outer rectangular loop patch and inner modified E-shaped patch were used to resonate at 2.4 and 5 GHz, respectively. In order to separate the effect between two frequency bands, a shorting pin was set between two resonance cells. The simulated results show that it can operate at 2.4 and 5 GHz bands with 0.072 GHz (2.407–2.479 GHz) and 0.715 GHz (5.137–5.853 GHz) fractional bandwidth, respectively, which can cover the whole frequency band of WLAN. In addition, the antenna is miniaturized by 31% compared to the conventional rectangular patch without a slot. At last, the proposed microstrip patch antenna has been fabricated and measured for both impedance matching and radiation patterns. A comparison of the measurement and simulation results is given, which show reasonable good agreement.

Design of Self-Similarity Multi-Fractal Antenna for WiMAX Application

A novel multifractal self-similarity microstrip-fed monopole fractal antenna is designed. Self-similarity property fractal is implemented in the conventional rectangular patch. As a result, broad bandwidth and resonance frequencies are obtained. The proposed multifractal antenna has a compact size of 19.8*27.8 mm and the operating frequency band of the antenna is 3.4 GHz to 3.6 GHz. The proposed multi-fracal antenna is printed on the FR5 dielectric material with 1.6 mm thickness. It is observed that incremental iterations generate new resonant frequencies. The results shows that the proposed design creates monopole antenna malleable in order to controlling bandwidth and radiation characteristics.

Design and Analysis of Squared Patch Antenna with Multi Squared Slots

This study presents the analytical and theoretical investigation on the effect of multi squared slots on resonance frequency, return loss and band widths of a squared microstrip patch antenna. The novel design is achieved by inserting the squared slots in the middle part of the patch antenna. The squared type patch with two or three tiny slots is designed and the reflection coefficient, S-parameter, standing wave ratio, radiation pattern and TDR impedance are analyzed. The performance of the antenna designed is compared with the antenna which has less or more slots. Compared to the conventional rectangular patch antenna, slot loading antennas give the better performance in resonant frequency, return loss in the cost of bandwidths.

Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Finite Ground Plane

<p class="Abstract"><span style="font-weight: normal;">In this paper a new geometry of patch antenna is proposed with improved bandwidth and circular polarization. The radiation performance of circularly polarized rectangular patch antenna is investigated by applying IE3D simulation software and its performance is compared with that of conventional rectangular patch antenna.</span> <span style="font-weight: normal;">Finite Ground truncation technique is used to obtain the desired results. The simulated return loss, axial ratio and smith chart with frequency for the proposed antenna is reported in this paper. It is shown that by selecting suitable ground-plane dimensions, air gap and location of the slits, the impedance bandwidth can be enhanced upto 10.15 % as compared to conventional rectangular patch (4.24%) with an axial ratio bandwidth of 4.05%.</span></p><p> </p><p> </p>

A novel extended edge-based compact PIFA antenna for mobile devices

In this paper, an optimized ultra-compact planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is proposed. Planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) is most commonly used antenna in modern day Mobile devices. While electronics industry is starving for compactness in their design, the concept used in the proposed design further reduces size of antenna. The overall dimensions of proposed antenna are 14.94×16mm for 3G/4G standards. In proposed design 21.61% size reduction is reported in comparison to conventional rectangular patch PIFA designs. The concept can be further utilized in designing antenna for different standards by optimizing size for specific frequency. A fractal shape Patch shorted at one end is used in the proposed design. The fractal patch is extended 6.59mm above the ground plane. The comparison is performed between measurement of fabricated and simulated S11 for proposed antenna. The novelty of design is inherited in extension of edges of patch towards ground which enable further reduction in size of antenna. Parametric optimization of antenna is performed for calculation of extended edge dimensions. Return loss for fabricated antenna is measured using vector network analyzer. The results of fabricated antenna show good agreement with simulated results and calculations.

Design and implementation of dual-band antennas based on a complementary split ring resonators

A simple dual-band antenna design and implementation method is proposed in this work, based on the equivalent media properties inspired by resonant metamaterial elements. The equivalent circuit model of dual-band patch antennas based on a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) is presented and validated. The dual-band patch antenna is designed etching a CSRR in the patch of a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The first resonance is governed by the quasi-static resonance of the CSRR while the second resonance is originated by the rectangular patch. The fact of etching a CSRR on a rectangular patch antenna also produces a miniaturization of a conventional patch antenna. The equivalent circuit model proposed in this letter is sound in order to understand the functionality of dual-band patch antennas based on a CSRR. Good agreement between simulation, equivalent circuit model and experimental results is shown and discussed. These results lead the equivalent circuit model to become a simple and straightforward tool for the design of this type of multiband antennas, of low cost and versatile operation for a broad range of wireless communication systems.

Design Simulation of TRI Band Microstrip Patch Antenna with Back To Back E Shape Slot

A conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna is considered for this research and further cutting various notches in the conventional structure to make a back to back E-shape microstrip patch antenna structure. The designed antenna structure is further simulated and the simulation result in terms of bandwidth, gain, directivity and efficiency is observed. The observation includes the frequency bands in which the designed antenna can operate properly, the amount of gain in those frequency bands and their efficiency. The result shows that the designed antenna is suitable to work in three different frequency bands with a good amount of gain and efficiency. This whole task is performed over IE3D simulation software, a MoM based simulation software. The return losses obtained are -12.23dB at 3.95GHz, -22.90dB at 6.81GHz and -26.42dB at 7.87GHz of triple band back to back E-shape microstrip patch antenna.

A Novel of Suspended Plate Compact Antenna Design for 2.4 GHz Applications

In wireless communication system, one of the unique challenges is the requirement for smaller and cheaper antenna design that becomes an important aspect in the deployment of wireless enabled products. To meet this challenge, we developed a simple, small, compact, low cost, and practical antenna targeted for 2.4 GHz (ISM Band) application. A detailed investigation on miniaturized microstrip planar new antenna design using a combination of proposed shorted patch and meandering method are presented. All design and simulations were done using Agilent’s Advanced Design System (ADS) Momentum. To ensure the precision, verification has been done, designs were fabricated, and measurements on return loss and impedance bandwidth were performed by using FieldFox RF Analyzer. In realizing the design, a study on the surface current is conducted by simulation in order to maintain the target resonance frequency, 2.45 GHz. The designs have resulted in 86.5% and 95.5% size reduction, in comparison with a conventional rectangular patch antenna which is used as benchmark in this work. The performance of the proposed antenna is proven to be better than other existing miniaturization techniques such as the meandered line antenna (MLA) at the same size. Further improvement on radiation characteristic is also achieved by implementing Suspended Plate Antenna (SPA) approach. From the significant size reduction obtained, the concept used in this work would be suitable for cost centric products requiring small sized wireless module.

ANALYSIS OF ELEMENT SHAPE IN THE DESIGN FOR MULTI-BAND APPLICATIONS

A novel compact multi-band microstrip antenna is proposed in this paper. The antenna structure is made to resonate at multiple frequencies by introducing two small rectangular strips attached vertically at the edge of a conventional rectangular patch antenna. The designed antenna resonates at S and C bands. The final optimized dimensions of the basic rectangular patch antenna are 40 x 15 mm and two rectangular strip lines are spaced at 2.5 mm with different dimensions. The simulated antenna shows that the return loss of the proposed antenna at resonant modes are lower than -10 dB. For multi-band applications, the simulation results provide good performance in term of return loss as well as radiation pattern.

Design of Dual Band Rectangular Microstrip Antenna with C-Shaped Defected Ground Structure

In this research paper, the design of C-shaped Defected Ground Structure (DGS) antenna is proposed to realize dualband characteristics for C-band and X-band applications. The proposed antenna consists of C-shaped slot incorporated in ground plane which resonates at two different frequencies (fr1 and fr2) of 7.41 GHz and 9.28 GHz which lie in C-band and X-band respectively. A very good return loss (S11) of -30.79 dB and -40.75 dB are obtained at first and second resonant frequencies respectively for C-shaped DGS antenna. The Bandwidth of C-shaped DGS antenna is increased by 825 MHz and 1182.8 MHz respectively at two different bands than the bandwidth of the Conventional Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna (CRMPA). Also VSWR is much improved with C-shaped DGS antenna. The comparison of simulated results of proposed and CRMPA has also been presented in this paper. The main contribution of this paper is the miniaturization of ground plane of 23% using C-shaped DGS which is very much encouraging. General Terms Bandwidth (B.W.), Return loss (S11), Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), Peak Gain, Characteristic Impedance and Radiation Pattern.

Design Slotted Patch Antenna on Layer 1. 6mm

purposes of this paper are to describe analytical and experimental design approaches for Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for improvement of Bandwidth and Return Loss. This paper proposes a Conventional Rectangular patch antenna and Rectangular Slot as on Patch antenna. The simulation results show that an antenna with Rectangular Slot has improved bandwidth and return loss significantly by changing the frequency. Experimental results indicate that the impedance bandwidth, defined by -10dB return loss, of the proposed wide slot antenna can reach operating bandwidth of 218MHz and Return Loss -25.74dB through rectangular slotting in conventional rectangular while conventional rectangular Microstrip patch antenna bandwidth is 57MHz and Return Loss is 18.96dB. KeywardsRectangular Microstrip patch Antenna, Return Loss.

Compact Dual-Band Microstrip Antenna for IEEE 802.11a WLAN Application

A compact dual-band rectangular microstrip antenna (RMSA) is realized by two different single-slotted single-band rectangular microstrip antennas with slotted ground plane. Each open-ended slot in the single-slotted antenna is responsible to generate a wide impedance band that is shifted to lower frequencies by the effect of the ground slot. The length and position of each open-ended slot is varied to operate the antenna in a suitable resonant band (5.15–5.35 and 5.725–5.825 GHz). The proposed antenna meets the required impedance bandwidth, necessary for dual-band IEEE 802.11a WLAN application (5.125–5.395 and 5.725–5.985 GHz). The dimension of the antenna (12 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 8 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times\,$</tex></formula> 1.5875 mm <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{3}$</tex></formula> ) shows an average compactness of about 53.73% with respect to a conventional unslotted rectangular microstrip patch antenna.

Inverted S-shaped compact antenna for X-band applications.

A novel probe-fed compact inverted S-shaped multifrequency patch antenna is designed. By employing two rectangular slots that change the conventional rectangular patch into an inverted S-shaped patch, the antenna is able to operate in triple frequency in the X-band. The performance criteria of the proposed design have been experimentally verified by fabricating a printed prototype. The measured results show that the −10 dB impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna at lower band is 5.02% (8.69–9.14 GHz), at middle band is 9.13% (10.47–11.48 GHz), and at upper band is 3.79% (11.53–11.98 GHz). Two elliptical slots are introduced in the ground plane to increase the peak gain. The antenna is excited by a simple probe feeding mechanism. The overall antenna dimension is 0.52λ × 0.60λ × 0.046λ at a lower resonance frequency of 9.08 GHz. The antenna configuration and parametric investigation are conducted with the help of the high frequency structural simulator, and a good agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured data. The stable gain, omnidirectional radiation pattern, and consistent radiation efficiency in the achieved operating band make the proposed antenna a suitable candidate for X-band applications.

A New Fractal-Based Miniaturized Dual Band Patch Antenna for RF Energy Harvesting

The growth of wireless communications in recent years has made it necessary to develop compact, lightweight multiband antennas. Compact antennas can achieve the same performance as large antennas do with low price and with greater system integration. Dual-frequency microstrip antennas for transmission and reception represent promising approach for doubling the system capacity. In this work, a miniaturized dual band antenna operable at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz is constructed by modifying the standard microstrip patch antenna geometry into a fractal structure. In addition to miniaturization and dual band nature, the proposed antenna also removes unwanted harmonics without the use of additional filter component. Using a finite-element-method-based high frequency structure simulator (HFSS), the antenna is designed and its performance in terms of return loss, impedance matching, radiation pattern, and voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) is demonstrated. Simulation results are shown to be in close agreement with performance measurements from an actual antenna fabricated on an FR4 substrate. The proposed antenna can be integrated with a rectifier circuit to develop a compact rectenna that can harvest RF energy in both of these frequency bands at a reduction in size of 25.98% relative to a conventional rectangular patch antenna.

Rectangular Patch Antenna for public safety WLAN and IMT band Applications

Engineering is an implementation of all that we study for inventing something new ideas and making things easy and applicable in the real world through practical study. This paper presents a multi band rectangular patch antenna. The slotted antenna is a dual band antenna. The two bands produced are used for IMT band(3.97 GHz) and public safety WLAN (4.94 GHz-4.99 GHz) applications .The frequency used to set design parameters is 4.96 GHz, so our main focus is on the second public safety WLAN band. The feeding technique used for feeding the antenna is coaxial probe feeding technique. When slotted antenna is compared with a conventional rectangular patch antenna it is seen that slotted antenna is better. Here dual band slotted patch antenna for public safety spectrum and IMT band applications is being designed.

Compact microstrip antenna for mobile communication

A single layer, single feed compact rectangular microstrip antenna is proposed. Resonant frequency has been reduced drastically by cutting unequal rectangular slots at the edge of the patch. Two rectangular slots are introduced at the left and right side of the patch to reduce the resonant frequency. The widths of the rectangular slots are different to improve the gain bandwidth performance of the antenna. The antenna size has been reduced by 73.9% when compared to a conventional rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The characteristics of the designed structure are investigated by using Method of Moment-based electromagnetic solver, IE3D. There is a reasonable agreement between these simulated data and measured values. An extensive analysis of the return loss, radiation pattern, gain, and efficiency of the proposed antenna is shown in this paper. The simple configuration and low profile nature of the proposed antenna leads to easy fabrication and make it suitable for the applications in Wireless communication system. Mainly, it is developed to operate in the mobile communication range of 900 MHz–1.8 GHz. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 55:954–957, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27517

Hybrid Zeroth-Order Resonance Patch Antenna With Broad $E$-Plane Beamwidth

In this paper, a hybrid zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) patch antenna with a broad <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> -plane beamwidth is presented. In order to obtain the broad beamwidth of an antenna, a TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> (λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /2) mode and a ZOR mode are combined. By dividing the incident power to two modes, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> -plane beamwidth of a TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> mode can simply be controlled. To generate the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> mode and the ZOR mode, simultaneously, the mushroom antenna is inserted in a rectangular patch antenna with an etched rectangular hole and a single feed is employed between two radiators. The incident power to each antenna can be controlled by using the gap of a feed. Thus, the optimum incident power ratio having the broadest <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> -plane half power beamwidth (HPBW) is obtained. As a result, the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</i> -plane HPBW of the proposed antenna is measured as 115° and broadened by 53%, compared with that of the conventional rectangular patch antenna. Moreover, the bandwidth and the efficiency of the antenna are measured to be 3.3% and 92%, respectively. Finally, the measured results show good agreements with the simulated ones.