Conventional Procedures Research Articles

Computer-Assisted Porcelain Laminate Veneer Preparation: A Scoping Review of Stereolithographic Template Design and Fabrication Workflows.

Computer-assisted preparation of porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs) using stereolithographic templates has been developed to enhance the accuracy of tooth preparation. However, the digital workflows involved in guided PLV preparation remain inconsistently defined across various practices. Therefore, this scoping review aimed to examine publications on computer-assisted PLV preparation to identify the key stage of digital workflows involved in designing and fabricating stereolithographic templates, as well as to highlight the limitations of various template designs. This scoping review aimed to identify publications on digital workflows for designing and fabricating stereolithographic templates in computer-assisted porcelain laminate veneer preparation. A systematic search on MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus identified English-language articles published from 2014 to March 2024. Eligible articles focused on digitally designed and fabricated tooth reduction templates for porcelain laminate veneers, excluding conventional tooth preparation procedures for tooth reduction assessment. Seven clinical reports were included, demonstrating various 3D data acquisition techniques for virtual patient generation. All articles described virtual diagnostic wax-ups on digital casts, with two using a virtual articulator. Only five articles documented chair-side mock-ups with resin trial restorations to evaluate planned dental esthetics. Additionally, virtual tooth preparation prior to templates design was included in only four articles. The templates were designed using different software and ranged from simple designs with access windows to complex stacked templates with rotary instrument sleeved windows. Each template design had limitations affecting tooth reduction accuracy. All articles reported printing templates in clear acrylic resin using different technologies. In conclusion, the review highlights a lack of standardization in the digital workflow for designing stereolithographic templates for PLVs. Establishing a sound protocol for designing the tooth reduction templates is essential to ensure the accuracy and consistency of veneer preparation.

Determination of rare earth elements in ferrocarbonatite using ICP-AES and ICP-MS

AbstractA method has been developed for the determination of Rare Earth Elements (REEs) in ferrocarbonatite using Inductively Coupled Plasma—Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES) and Inductively Coupled Plasma—Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The conventional dissolution procedures are tedious, with large measurement uncertainty and are thus not suitable for certified reference material (CRM) production and exploration of REEs. The described method involves leaching of sample using 3 M HCl followed by dissolution of residue (silica and REEs) by HF then determined REEs using ICP-AES and ICP-MS. The leaching step prevents formation of fluoride precipitates of matrix (Ca, Mg, Ba and Al). The method has been validated using CRMs.

An innovative evaluation method for clinical comparative analysis of occlusal contact regions obtained via intraoral scanning and conventional impression procedures: a clinical trial

ObjectivesTo compare the occlusal contact regions (OCRs) obtained through an intraoral scanning system and conventional impression procedures via an innovative evaluation method.Materials and methodsFifteen participants with complete dentitions and stable centric occlusion were included. Three groups were created based on the technique used to obtain the OCRs of quadrant posterior teeth at the maximal intercuspal position: 100 μm articulating paper (Control), an intraoral scanner (Test 1, T1) and conventional impression procedure (Test 2, T2). OCRs of control group were digitized by the intraoral scanner, while all conventional impressions were cast and digitized by an extraoral scanner. The virtual occlusal records of the 2 test groups were obtained by buccal bite registration. The OCRs within 100 μm in the 3 groups were three-dimensionally superimposed based on the tooth surfaces and the area of OCRs (SC, ST1, ST2) was calculated. The area of overlapping OCRs (SO) between the test groups and the control group was calculated. In the two test groups, the consistency rate of OCRs (SO/SC) and the positive rate of OCRs (SO/ST) were calculated and compared. For occlusal tightness evaluation, the mean occlusal clearances (OC) as well as minimum OC between the upper and lower models were calculated and compared.ResultsThe consistency rate of OCRs was 0.73 ± 0.17 for T1 group and 0.23 ± 0.13 for T2 group (p < 0.001). The positive rate of OCRs was 0.67 ± 0.15 for T1 group and 0.56 ± 0.23 for T2 group (p = 0.143). The mean OC was 51.32 ± 16.04 μm for T1 group and 68.20 ± 18.15 μm for T2 group (p = 0.024). The minimum OC was − 61.74 ± 35.38 μm for T1 group and 4.09 ± 27.15 μm for T2 group (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFor obtaining occlusal records in the quadrant posterior region, the tested intraoral scanning system was more reliable for recording occlusal contact regions and showed higher occlusal tightness compared with conventional impression procedures.Clinical relevance(1) The evaluation method can assist clinicians in making more objective analysis and comparisons among different sources of virtual occlusal records. (2) Occlusal tightness is a key and indispensable indicator in the evaluation of virtual occlusal records, and it can be quantified by measuring the occlusal clearance utilizing the current evaluation method.

Precisely designed 3-stage calcination strategy for lithium-rich manganese-based cathodes with improved cycling performance

The poor cycling performance of Li-rich manganese-based (LMR) cathodes is one of the challenges that need to be urgently overcome. Enhancing the stability of the layered structure responsible for lithium-ion diffusion is an effective way to improve the cycling performance. Layered structures are mainly formed during the high-temperature solid-phase reaction, whereas the prolonged and constant-high-temperature calcination conditions in conventional calcination procedure may pose a threat to the layered structural stability. Thus, in order to optimize the formation environment of layered structures under high-temperature solid-phase reaction, we have designed suitable temperature-controlled strategies for each stage of layered structure formation, gradual maturation, and post-treatment, respectively, referred to as the 3-stage calcination strategy. This calcination strategy contributes to the formation of a more ordered and stable layered structure, which significantly improves the cycling performance of LMR cathodes (capacity retention rate of 85.2 % after 200 cycles at 1C). The shortening of the constant high temperature calcination time helps to further reduce the production cost of the batteries. The design concept of this work is to regulate the formation process of layered structures in stages, which provides inspiration for the efficient and controllable synthesis of electrode materials with excellent structural stability at low production cost.

Pancreatoduodenectomy after Ivor-Lewis Santi oesophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction. An European multicentre experience

BackgroundPancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) is the standard surgery to treat tumors and other conditions affecting the head of the pancreas. PD involves the division of the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) and its branches, to allow for complete dissection of lymph nodes. However, PD in patients with prior esophageal resection presents challenges due to altered anatomy and risks compromising gastric tube vascularization. GDA preservation becomes crucial to avoid ischemia, although this may pose oncological risks by potentially leaving behind regional lymph nodes. This article reviews European surgical center experiences and techniques for PD in patients with prior esophageal surgery, focusing on short-term outcomes. MethodsWe have collected all the experiences carried out in European surgical centers and evaluated the techniques applied for PD in patients who had prior esophageal surgery while analyzing short-term outcomes. ResultsEight patients from 5 European centers were identified. Six patients were diagnosed with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, including one borderline case. Intraoperatively, the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) was preserved in all cases, with portal vein reconstruction required in only one instance due to tumor invasion. No ischemia or venous congestion of the gastric tube was observed during the surgical procedure. Post-operative complications that occurred included POPF type C in 1 (12.5 %), PPH type C in 1 (12.5 %). The median number of harvested lymph nodes was 21 [14–24]. with a median of 1.5 positive lymph nodes. R1 resection was present in 62.5 % of cases. ConclusionPerforming pancreaticoduodenectomy subsequent to Ivor Lewis esophagectomy is a technical challenge, but seems feasiable and safe in selected patients. GDA-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy emerges as a valuable and time-efficient variation of the conventional procedure, it can be considered oncologically appropriate, but studies confirming its long-term impact on radicality are still needed.

In-cell processing enables rapid and in-depth proteome analysis of low-input Caenorhabditis elegans.

Caenorhabditis elegans is a widely used genetic model organism, however, the worm cuticle complicates extraction of intracellular proteins, a prerequisite for typical bottom-up proteomics. Conventional physical disruption procedures are not only time-consuming, but can also cause significant sample loss, making it difficult to perform proteomics with low-input samples. Here, for the first time, we present an on-filter in-cell (OFIC) processing approach, which can digest C. elegans proteins directly in the cells of the organism after methanol fixation. With OFIC processing and single-shot LCMS analysis, we identified over 9,400 proteins from a sample of only 200 worms, the largest C. elegans proteome reported to date that did not require fractionation or enrichment. We systematically evaluated the performance of the OFIC approach by comparing it with conventional lysis-based methods. Our data suggest equivalent and unbiased performance of OFIC processing for C. elegans proteome identification and quantitation. We further evaluated the OFIC approach with even lower input samples, then used this method to determine how the proteome is impacted by loss of superoxide dismutase sod-1, the ortholog of human SOD-1, a gene associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Analysis of 8,800 proteins from only 50 worms as the initial input showed that loss of sod-1 affects the abundance of proteins required for stress response, ribosome biogenesis, and metabolism. In conclusion, our streamlined OFIC approach, which can be broadly applied to other systems, minimizes sample loss while offering the simplest workflow reported to date for C. elegans proteomics analysis.

A crop disease severity index derived from transfer learning and feature fusion using enhanced OPTICS algorithm

The adoption of automated methods for the identification and assessment of tomato-related disorders is highly sought-after in the agriculture sector. Using this technology is crucial for reducing wasteful spending, increasing the efficiency of treatments, and ultimately growing more resilient crops by reducing losses in agricultural output and maximising the effectiveness of these processes. An automated method has been suggested for accurately identifying and classifying diseases using a single photograph. The described method for disease detection in tomato plants makes use of a computer vision-based technique. Image processing, ML, and deep learning are just a few of the methods that this strategy uses. The goal of this approach is to prevent tomato crops from being damaged by various illnesses by reducing the need of conventional procedures. Bacterial spot, early blight, late blight, leaf mould, spider mites, target spot, spotted spider mite, mosaic virus, and yellow leaf curl are all examples of these illnesses. The following ten diseases frequently strike tomato crops in India. By utilising picture segmentation in combination with the Enhanced OPTICS algorithm (EOPTICSA), the affected area of the tomato plant may be precisely detected and defined after image pre-processing procedures have been used. It may be necessary to look for certain visual signs in order to diagnose the previously mentioned illnesses. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the EOPTICSA method for detecting diseases in plant leaves. To eliminate the geometric features associated with colour, texture, and leaf arrangement in the provided plant pictures, image segmentation and edge detection methods are employed. Using these methods allows us to achieve our goal. Various efficacy measures are used to assess and provide a technique recommendation. This research shows that when performance metrics are used to implement these strategies, the suggested strategy outperforms the current methods in terms of accuracy, precision, and F1-score. The process of detecting sickness involves several consecutive steps. Capturing images, segmenting them, detecting edges, and determining the infection’s severity are all steps in this process. To accomplish the goal of recognising and categorising different types of diseases that might impact tomato plants, the method of transfer learning is employed. As soon as the problem is identified, it is recommended to take proactive measures to help individuals and organisations involved in agriculture address the effects of these disorders using appropriate measures.

Minimally Invasive Surgery for Posterior Atlantoaxial Lateral Mass Joint Fusion (MIS-PALF): A Muscle-Sparing Procedure for Atlantoaxial Instability or Dislocation.

Conventional surgical procedures for atlantoaxial instability or dislocation (AAI/D) have been associated with a high prevalence of postoperative occipitocervical pain and dysfunction, as well as substantial perioperative blood loss. We hypothesized that minimally invasive surgery for posterior atlantoaxial lateral mass joint fusion (MIS-PALF), a procedure that can largely avoid disruption of suboccipital musculature, would be superior to the standard Goel-Harms technique in terms of postoperative pain and perioperative blood loss. This was a prospective cohort study of patients undergoing MIS-PALF for AAI/D at Peking University Third Hospital's Department of Orthopaedics from January 2021 to December 2021 and a historical control group of patients with the same diagnoses who were treated with the Goel-Harms technique. The duration of surgery, perioperative blood loss, postoperative length of hospital stay, postoperative body temperature, pain, supplementary use of narcotics, spinal cord function/improvement (assessed using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association [JOA] scores), reduction of AAI/D (determined based on radiographic parameters), rate of successful fusion, and complication rate were all compared between the 2 groups. No significant differences were noted between the groups (43 MIS-PALF cases, 86 control cases) regarding baseline data, operative time, spinal cord function or improvement, reduction of AAI/D, rate of successful fusion, and complication rate. MIS-PALF was associated with significantly less perioperative blood loss, a shorter postoperative hospital stay (decreased by 30.8%), lower intensity and frequency of postoperative pain (decreased by 10.6% and 61.9%, respectively), less need for supplementary narcotics, and less frequent postoperative fever (decreased by 48.7%). This was the first prospective cohort study of which we are aware on minimally invasive procedures for atlantoaxial fusion. Clinical efficacy (AAI/D reduction, rate of successful atlantoaxial fusion, JOA score improvement), efficiency (operative time), and safety (complications) of MIS-PALF appeared to be noninferior to those of the Goel-Harms technique. MIS-PALF was superior in terms of postoperative occipitocervical pain and length of hospital stay, both of which directly affect overall patient satisfaction and postoperative recovery of quality of life. Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Comparison of Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Adrenalectomy with the Aid of Intracavitary Retractors and Multiport Laparoendoscopic Adrenalectomy.

Objective: To evaluate the operative outcome of the use of intracavitary retractors in transumbilical laparoendoscopic single-site (LESS) adrenalectomy in comparison with the conventional multiport laparoendoscopic procedure. Methods: Between July 2021 and December 2023, 34 patients underwent transumbilical LESS adrenalectomy with intracavitary retractors, while 47 patients underwent conventional multiport laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Comprehensive data were compared, including demographics, intraoperative outcomes, perioperative complications, postoperative visual analog pain scale score, analgesic requirement, and short-term measures of convalescence. Results: Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups. All procedures were successfully completed without additional access or open conversion. The mean operative time and estimated blood loss for LESS adrenalectomy were comparable with multiport adrenalectomy. The LESS group had significantly shorter incision length (3.07 cm versus 5.16 cm, P < .01), lower postoperative pain scores (3.29 versus 4.91, P < .01), less analgesic drug use (29% versus 53%, P = .03), and better cosmetic scores (9.29 versus 7.28, P < .01). No significant differences were observed in time to resume oral intake, time to ambulation, or postoperative hospital stay. Complication rates were similar between the groups. Conclusion: The utilization of intracavitary retractors in transumbilical LESS adrenalectomy has demonstrated feasibility, effectiveness, and the potential to reduce technical complexities with satisfactory cosmetic effects. This technique enhances visualization of the surgical field without the need for extra ports.

Augmented reality for point-of-care ultrasound-guided vascular access in pediatric patients using Microsoft HoloLens 2: a preliminary evaluation.

Conventional ultrasound-guided vascular access procedures are challenging due to the need for anatomical understanding, precise needle manipulation, and hand-eye coordination. Recently, augmented reality (AR)-based guidance has emerged as an aid to improve procedural efficiency and potential outcomes. However, its application in pediatric vascular access has not been comprehensively evaluated. We developed an AR ultrasound application, HoloUS, using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 to display live ultrasound images directly in the proceduralist's field of view. We presented our evaluation of the effect of using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 for point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS)-guided vascular access in 30 pediatric patients. A custom software module was developed on a tablet capable of capturing the moving ultrasound image from any ultrasound machine's screen. The captured image was compressed and sent to the HoloLens 2 via a hotspot without needing Internet access. On the HoloLens 2, we developed a custom software module to receive, decompress, and display the live ultrasound image. Hand gesture and voice command features were implemented for the user to reposition, resize, and change the gain and the contrast of the image. We evaluated 30 (15 successful control and 12 successful interventional) cases completed in a single-center, prospective, randomized study. The mean overall rendering latency and the rendering frame rate of the HoloUS application were 139.30ms and 30 frames per second, respectively. The average procedure completion time was 17.3% shorter using AR guidance. The numbers of puncture attempts and needle redirections were similar between the two groups, and the number of head adjustments was minimal in the interventional group. We presented our evaluation of the results from the first study using the Microsoft HoloLens 2 that investigates AR-based POCUS-guided vascular access in pediatric patients. Our evaluation confirmed clinical feasibility and potential improvement in procedural efficiency.

Green and miniaturized ultrasonic-assisted extraction using natural deep eutectic solvents to extract phenolic compounds from tea samples

Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have emerged as promising green solvents, particularly useful in sample treatment procedures. For the first time, different types of NADES were prepared and evaluated as potential phenolic extraction solvents from tea samples (Camellia sinensis). The NADES, composed of lactic acid:glycerol:water in a molar ratio of 1:1:3, provided the best results for the simultaneous extraction of the target phenolic compounds. This NADES was also characterized by using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and the presence of nuclear Overhauser enhancement effects confirmed its supramolecular structure. The experimental conditions affecting the miniaturized ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) were optimized to maximize extraction efficiency by performing a design of experiments. The proposed sample treatment was combined with ultra-high performance liquid-chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) to determine 21 phenolic compounds including catechin derivatives and other minor compounds. The UAE-UHPLC-MS/MS method was successfully characterized and applied to the analysis of various commercial green, black, white and red tea samples. In all cases, 18 phenolic compounds were determined with concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 29,125 mg kg−1. The proposed sample treatment is a high-throughput, easy, fast and robust alternative to conventional procedures, which reduces organic solvent consumption and costs, aligned with green sample preparation principles.

New chronology evidence of prehistoric human activities indicated by pottery luminescence dating in the humid subtropical mountains of South China

The age of prehistoric human sites serves as a fundamental basis for studying the relationship between human activities and landscape changes in the humid subtropical mountains of South China. The presence of pottery in these archaeological sites is widespread and offers a valuable resource for precise dating purposes. The Longtoushan (LTS) site, located in the northern mountains of Fujian Province, contains a rich variety of pottery types from various periods, representing a rare multi-period stratigraphic overlap in this area and playing a crucial role in constructing the cultural sequence and lineage of prehistoric and ancient times in this region. In this study, we employed thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques to establish the age of pottery samples collected from the LTS site situated in the upper Minjiang River region of southeast China for the first time, while also comparing our findings with other dating methods to construct a chronological framework for the site. The results showed that: (1) The samples analyzed in this study can be classified according to the peak strength of 325 °C TL signal at natural and regenerative doses of quartz. Samples with weak TL signal at 325 °C (type II samples) showed high recuperation and equivalent dose underestimation at a low preheat temperature (220 °C) in OSL test. (2) Conventional SAR procedures employed for type I samples are not suitable for type II samples. Type II samples require additional OSL stimulation towards the end of the cycle and an extended stimulation duration. (3) The application of various dating methods has revealed that the LTS site represents a long-term settlement in the humid subtropical mountains of South China, commencing around 4.6–4.4 thousand years ago (ka). Specifically, the dating of pottery pieces from kiln sites and tombs in the late Neolithic period provides a specific temporal reference for further understanding of prehistoric human culture and production behavior in the humid mountains of Fujian.

Impact of Guided Endodontics on the Success of Endodontic Treatment: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

Endodontic treatment, essential for preserving teeth affected by pulp or periapical diseases, often encounters challenges such as complex root canal anatomies and calcifications that can hinder success. Traditional techniques, although effective, are limited in addressing these complexities. Guided endodontics, which utilizes advanced imaging and navigation technologies, promises enhanced accuracy and precision, potentially improving treatment outcomes. Thus, this umbrella review aims to assess whether guided endodontics influences the outcome of endodontic treatment by synthesizing evidence from multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane databases to identify relevant studies. Additionally, grey literature was searched. The umbrella review protocol was developed and registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) (CRD42024564150). Inclusion criteria comprised randomized controlled trials (RCTs), randomized clinical trials, case series, and case reports. Exclusion criteria included reviews, non-English language articles, in vitro studies, ex vivo studies, randomized experimental (in vitro) studies, narrative reviews, and expert opinions. Studies involving patients undergoing guided endodontic treatment with dynamic and static navigation systems were included. The interventions aimed at improving the accuracy and precision of endodontic procedures, particularly in challenging cases such as locating calcified canals and performing microsurgery. The study involved three reviewers who independently appraised the systematic reviews for eligibility, data extraction, and review quality. The quality of the systematic reviews was evaluated using the "A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2" (AMSTAR2) assessment tool. The methodological quality of the systematic reviews was assessed. A pooled review of the studies showed that guided endodontics demonstrated more precise and better results than conventional endodontic procedures.

Successful modified CLEAN-NET with semicircular seromuscular layer incision for a gastric GIST near the cardia: a case report and video demonstration

BackgroundThe combination of laparoscopic and endoscopic approaches to neoplasia with a non-exposure technique (CLEAN-NET) is a laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery (LECS). It combines laparoscopic gastric resection and endoscopic techniques for local resection of gastric tumors, such as gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), with minimal surgical margins. A conventional CLEAN-NET surgical procedure is complex, requiring careful techniques to preserve the cardia, particularly in case of nearby lesions. We describe the case of a patient who underwent a modified CLEAN-NET approach with a semi-circular seromuscular layer incision surrounding the base of the tumor, different from a circular shape seromuscular layer in the conventional CLEAN-NET: around the tumor to preserve mucosal continuity, which acts as a barrier to avoid intraoperative tumor dissemination.Case presentationA 43-year-old woman was referred to our hospital because of a gastric submucosal tumor near the cardia, detected on medical examination. The patient was diagnosed with gastric GIST based on the results of endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration. Modified CLEAN-NET was performed with a semicircular incision of the seromuscular layer on the opposite side of the cardia, making the surgical procedure simple and minimizing partial resection of the gastric wall, including the tumor, while preserving the cardia. The operative time was 147 min, preoperative blood loss volume was 3 mL, and postoperative hospital stay was 9 days. The resected specimen revealed a minimal resection of the gastric wall, including the tumor. The cardia and gastric nerves were preserved, and the postoperative food intake was good.ConclusionsThe modified CLEAN-NET with semicircular seromuscular layer dissection is a simple and reliable surgical procedure for GIST near the cardia.

Deep learning permits imaging of multiple structures with the same fluorophores

Fluorescence microscopy, which employs fluorescent tags to label and observe cellular structures and their dynamics, is a powerful tool for life sciences. However, due to the spectral overlap between different dyes, a limited number of structures can be separately labeled and imaged for live-cell applications. In addition, the conventional sequential channel imaging procedure is quite time consuming, as it needs to switch either different lasers or filters. Here, we propose a novel double-structure network (DBSN) that consists of multiple connected models, which can extract six distinct subcellular structures from three raw images with only two separate fluorescent labels. DBSN combines the intensity-balance model to compensate for uneven fluorescent labels for different structures and the structure-separation model to extract multiple different structures with the same fluorescent labels. Therefore, DBSN breaks the bottleneck of the existing technologies and holds immense potential applications in the field of cell biology.

A Novel Minimally Invasive Surgical Technique for Eight-Plate Hemiepiphysiodesis: Description and Evaluation.

Background: Temporary hemiepiphysiodesis with tension band plates or eight-plates is a common surgical procedure to treat malalignment of the lower limb axis in skeletally immature patients. The objective of this study was to compare a new minimally invasive surgical procedure with the conventional procedure and evaluate its safety and effectiveness in order to reduce the risk of hypertrophic scarring, which may cause functional impairment as well as cosmetic issues. Methods: Sixty-five growth plates of either the femur or the tibia were evaluated in 33 patients treated for genu valgum or varum between 2010 and 2017. Each growth plate was considered an individual case. The modified procedure was used in 17 cases and the conventional procedure in 48 cases. The modified surgical procedure is characterized by an 8 mm incision and preparation of the epi-periosteal layer, in which the eight-plate is positioned via a guide-wire. Positioning and implantation are controlled via fluoroscopy. Skin incision length, duration of surgery, revision rate, achievement of a defined correction goal, and correction rate were analyzed. Results: Using the minimally invasive procedure, the mean skin incision length (23.94 ± 10.18 mm vs. 8.75 ± 2.14 mm, p < 0.001) could be significantly reduced. No significant difference was found in regard to the duration of surgery, revision rate, achievement of the correction goal or correction rate. Conclusions: The minimally invasive procedure results in a reduction in incision length without significant impact on the duration of surgery, revision rate, achievement of correction goal or correction rate. Consequently, the modified procedure can be regarded as equally as effective and safe as the conventional procedure.

A Comprehensive Review on the Importance of Sustainable Synthesized Coinage Metal Nanomaterials and Their Diverse Biomedical Applications.

From a historical perspective, coinage metals (CMNMs) are most renowned for their monetary, ornamental, and metallurgical merits; nevertheless, as nanotechnology's potential has only just come to light, their metal nanostructures and uses may be viewed as products of modern science. Notable characteristics of CMNMs include visual, electrical, chemical, and catalytic qualities that depend on shape and size. Due diligence on the creation and synthesis of CMNMs and their possible uses has been greatly promoted by these characteristics. This review focuses on solution-based methods and provides an overview of the latest developments in CMNMs and their bimetallic nanostructures. It discusses a range of synthetic techniques, including conventional procedures and more modern approaches used to enhance functionality by successfully manipulating the CMNMs nanostructure's size, shape, and composition. To help with the design of new nanostructures with improved capabilities in the future, this study offers a brief assessment of the difficulties and potential future directions of these intriguing metal nanostructures. This review focuses on mechanisms and factors influencing the synthesis process, green synthesis, and sustainable synthesis methods. It also discusses the wide range of biological domains in which CMNMs are applied, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. Researchers will therefore find the appropriateness of both synthesizing and using CMNMS keeping in mind the different levels of environmental effects.

Ecofriendly bleaching method for cotton fabric: Development of titanium dioxide doped single wall carbon nanocomposites by photocatalytic treatment for sustainable textile pre-finishing applications

This study aimed to find an eco-friendly substitute method and chemical for conventional hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) bleaching of cotton fabric. We developed diverse functional groups containing titanium dioxide-doped single-wall carbon nanotubes (TiO2-SWCNTs) particles, designed a photocatalytic system, and examined the effects of working conditions and functional group variations on the degree of fabric whitening. Throughout the many phases of the chemical development process, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy −Attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests were conducted. In addition, the color spectrum values, the whiteness indexes, the results of the tearing test, SEM and FTIR-ATR findings of 100% cotton textiles were presented that were treated with TiO2-SWCNTs particles using the photocatalytic technique. The test results demonstrated the successful synthesis of various types of TiO2-SWCNTs, leading to a significant enhancement in the whiteness of the cotton fabrics. This increase reached 21.79% using a small amount of nano-chemicals, surpassing the whiteness index value created by the conventional H2O2 bleaching process. Optimal results were achieved by using minimum quantities of substance and working at moderate temperatures. According to this information, it can be concluded that this approach may serve as a substitute for the conventional H2O2 whitening procedure in terms of both the substance utilized and the application method, specifically for treating cotton fabric. Moreover, the statistical analysis revealed that the fabric’s self-cleaning capacity is significantly influenced by the square of temperature and pH.

Microwave-assisted green synthesis and molecular docking study of some new 4-thiazolidinone derivatives as possible bioactive agents

We have developed an economical and environmentally friendly microwave-assisted efficient method for the synthesis of a series of new 4-oxo-thiazolidine derivatives (4a-d). The method involves microwave irradiated cyclocondensation reaction of Schiff bases (3a-d) and thioglycolic acid in drug master file (DMF). 4-oxo-thiazolidine derivatives (4a-d) was also synthe 4-Oxo-Thiazolidine derivatives were also synthesized by conventional heating procedures and consequence were Compared with Microwave assisted green method. The results suggest that microwave-assisted syntheses lead to higher yields within very short reaction times. Antimicrobial screening of all the synthesized compounds was carried out using Gram-positive strains Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative strain encompassing Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, and Salmonella typhi. The results were compared with the standard drug chloramphenicol. All the synthesized compounds were subsequently examined using molecular docking experiments against peptide deformylase (PDB ID: 1G2A), which evaluates the binding interaction of ligands with enzyme active sites.. KEYWORDS :Microwave irradiation, Thiazolidinone, Molecular docking, Peptide deformylase, Antimicrobial screening.

Role of minimal F-wave latency in the electrodiagnosis of polyneuropathy

Background and objective: Polyneuropathy is a debilitating condition that causes damage to more than two peripheral nerves in the body. The objective of this research was to detect the role of minimal F-wave latency as compared with other nerve conduction parameters for the electro-diagnosis of polyneuropathies. Methods: In this descriptive, prospective cross-sectional study, 80 consecutive patients with clinical diagnosis of polyneuropathy (both acute and chronic) between July and December 2023, presenting to the Neurology Department at King Edward Medical University were enrolled. Patients with clinical diagnosis of cervical/lumbar radiculopathies, plexopathies, compressive myelopathy , neuromuscular junction diseases, motor neuron disorders, or localized neuropathies were excluded from this research. NCS and EMG were carried out using conventional procedure. The results were recorded in the predesigned pro forma along with the history and demographic information. Statistical software SPSS 25.0 was used for the analysis of the recorded data. Results: F-wave abnormality was detected in 57 (71.3%) for median nerve, 57 (71.3%) for ulnar nerve, 79 (98.7%) for tibial nerve and in 79 (98.7%) patients for peroneal nerve. Nerve-specific motor nerve conduction study (MNCS) abnormality was found in 47 (58.8%) for median nerve, 43/80 (53.8%) for ulnar nerve, 59 (73.7%) for tibial nerve and in 57(71.3%) patients for peroneal nerve. Nerve-specific sensory nerve conduction study (SNCS) abnormality was present in 43 (53.3%) for median nerve, 43 (53.3%) for ulnar nerve, 50 (62.5%) for sural nerve, and in 49 (61.3%) patients for superficial peroneal nerve. Overall rate of abnormality was 85% for F-wave minimal latencies in comparison with 64% for MNCS and 56% for SNCS. Conclusion: Minimal F-wave latency can be an effective diagnostic parameter for detection of polyneuropathy. This can facilitate in early detection and management of polyneuropathy.