Conventional Power Sources Research Articles

(Invited) Electric-Driven Preconcentrating Microfluidic Device for Enhancing Biomolecular Sensing

Preconcentration of biomolecules for detection on microfluidic platforms based on electrical kinetic trapping (EKT) through ion concentration polarization (ICP) has been well developed in the past decade. Biomolecules can be entrapped due to the equilibrium of forces between electro-osmosis and ICP when applying a voltage to the system. In tis study, I will introduce different type of ICPs including theory, mechanism and their limitation. I will also clarify the experimental ICP results based on different microfluidic channel design. A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)-driven nanofluidic preconcentrating device that is able to trigger ICP and subsequently cause the EKT of the biomolecules without using a conventional electrical power source was also introduced. The EKT and electrical characteristics of the TENG-based nanofluidic preconcentrator were studied. The preconcentration factors of the device can be found to be ~1000 folds. Several examples of preconcentration device integrating to biosensing techniques are presented in this talk. Some biomarkers are also demonstrated. Further, I will also demonstrate that these biosensors, combining with preconcentrators, can be integrated to a smartphone reader.

Wireless Electric Vehicle Charging System using Solar Energy

Abstract: The proliferation of electric vehicles (EVs) has spurred the need for efficient and sustainable charging solutions. This paper presents the design and implementation of a wireless EV charging system integrating solar energy harvesting and Arduino-based control. The proposed system aims to provide convenient and eco-friendly charging for EVs while minimizing reliance on grid electricity. The core components of the system include photovoltaic panels for solar energy capture, wireless power transfer technology for cordless charging, and Arduino microcontrollers for system control and monitoring. By harnessing solar energy, the system reduces dependence on conventional power sources, thereby lowering carbon footprint and operating costs.

Optimizing lean and rich Vapor compression with solar Assistance for post-combustion carbon capture in natural gas-fired power plant

The integration of post-combustion capture (PCC) CO2 technologies with power plants and high-emission industrial processes has become imperative for reducing carbon emissions and mitigating environmental impacts. This study focuses on addressing the significant energy consumption associated with PCC and explores the potential of using solar thermal energy to optimize configurations, thereby enhancing sustainability and reducing dependency on conventional power sources. Simulate various configurations under steady-state conditions using Aspen HYSYS V11 and Aspen Economic Evaluation software. The results indicate a substantial reduction in energy consumption to 2.1 GJ/ton CO2 after the initial optimization steps. The key innovations involve the integration of Lean Vapor Compression (LVC), Solvent Split Flow (SSF), Rich Solvent Recycle (RSR), and Rich Vapor Compression (RVC). Further optimization was conducted by integrating a reboiler with parabolic trough collectors (PTC), to reduce energy penalties. The LVC + RVC + RSR + SSF + PTC configuration results reveal a notable improvement in exergoeconomic factors, ranging from 3.13% to 7.8%, highlighting the economic feasibility of the optimized configurations. Simultaneously, the energy penalty decreased by 11.1%, signifying enhanced sustainability in the proposed PCC system. This study contributes to the gap in research by demonstrating the efficacy of solar thermal energy in optimizing PCC configurations, providing a pathway towards more sustainable and energy-efficient solutions for carbon capture in high-emission industrial sectors. The findings offer insights for researchers, engineers, and policymakers aiming to address the pressing issue of carbon emissions from industrial processes.

Review: Uninterrupted Liquid Hydrogen (E-Methanol) Production framework to deliver Clean & Green Energy

Potential broad impact: Integrating solar, wind, and conventional energy to feed the electrolyze after completion of the electrochemical process will produce two streams of O2 and H2. The hydrogen stream will be stored and provided with uninterrupted feed to a catalytic reactor in the presence of CO2. It will produce EMethanol[1]. However, this depends on these resources' reliability, cost, and availability, with the highest potential for expansion to the size needed for large-scale deployment to produce e-methanol[2]. This is known as electro-fuel, which provides electricity and fuel for electric and diesel vehicles[3][4]. As witnessed the versatility of Hydrogen in these applications highlights its significance in various industrial sectors. As the world looks towards sustainable and clean energy solutions, the role of Hydrogen is expected to grow even further [5]. However, the central part of Hydrogen is produced from fossil fuels (known as gray and brown Hydrogen) [6], and only a minimal amount of almost 4% is delivered through an electrolysis process using renewable energy to complete the chemical process [7], known as green Hydrogen. The transition to a more sustainable hydrogen economy involves scaling up the production of green Hydrogen through electrolysis and advancing technologies to improve efficiency and reduce costs associated with this process [8],[9]. Recently research indicated that production and consumption of the Green Hydrogen is the future of sustainable power delivery by replacing fossil fuel [10]. The fossil and Biomass also catalyzing the GHG (Green House Gases) with high carbon intensity, this is biggest challenge to deliver clean energy [11]. In the first instance, this research proposed an integrated Modular, which incorporate Renewable(photovoltaic) and Conventional Power sources to complete electrolysis process and its port equipment(s) to deliver uninterrupted clean Energy inform of Liquid Green Hydrogen for Electricity and to replace diesel [12]]13].

Modelling and Assessing the Advantages of Integrating Wind, Solar, and Coal Systems within an Annual Bilateral Trading Setting

The integration and co-location of new energy sources and thermal power generation within the same grid connection point, under the management of a single market operator, provide noteworthy potential for exploration in the northern part of our nation. This method is based on the premise of allocating new energy resources primarily for generating contracted electricity, while using thermal power to offer ancillary services. This strategy aims to integrate and use the distinct benefits of both thermal power and new energy sources. The yearly bilateral trade market has significant potential for growth and development. In order to model and evaluate the income generated by the interconnected system’s involvement in the yearly bilateral trading market, this study first establishes the definition of the interconnected system and examines its research significance in engaging in annual bilateral trading. This study utilizes the theoretical framework of master-slave games to analyze the involvement of a coupled system in yearly bilateral trade. The specific case examined in this research is a wind-solar-thermal coupling system located in a particular location of Liaoning Province. This study examines the economic advantages of engaging in the electricity market by considering the marginal cost and LCOE (Levelized Cost of Electricity) perspectives. The findings suggest a notable enhancement in the advantages of the integrated system inside the yearly bilateral trade market, in contrast to conventional power sources present in the market, as well as instances when these sources function autonomously without integration.

Off-Grid Power Management System using IoT

The "Off-Grid Solar Power Management System Using IoT" project is a solution to address the energy needs of remote and off-grid locations through the integration of renewable solar power and Internet of Things (IoT) technology. In the face of limited access to conventional power sources, this project leverages IoT devices and smart technologies to create a robust energy management system. The system allows for the efficient capture, storage, and distribution of solar energy while enabling real-time monitoring. Key features include data collection on solar panel performance, energy consumption, and user-friendly interfaces accessible through web applications. This project demonstrates the potential to provide sustainable, reliable, and environmentally friendly energy solutions for off grid communities here in Malawi, enhancing their quality of life and contributing to global efforts for clean energy adoption

Design and Fabrication of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine

We Know that there exists a significant wind potential worldwide that could potentially fulfill a substantial portion, if not the majority, of humanity's energy needs if harnessed efficiently and at scale. By enhancing the efficiency of wind turbines, we can generate more power, thereby reducing reliance on costly and polluting conventional power sources. This project aims to design an experimental setup for Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines (HAWTs), which present practical, straightforward, and cost-efficient alternatives to existing systems. One key advantage is their ability to capture wind from all directions.

Research on intelligent auxiliary regulation technology of large power grid section based on artificial intelligence

In the modern era, large-scale renewable energy systems are integrated with advanced power systems and provide efficient operations. Also, optimized power systems require accurate energy generation and effective control systems to manage and ensure a stable power supply. Nevertheless, uncertainties are the intermittent balance of supply and high electricity demand. In addition, conventional power sources are not applicable for this challenging task and increase electricity costs. Therefore, an efficient Neuro Fuzzy Single phase Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Maximum Power Point Tracking (NF-SP UPQC -MPPT) strategy is developed for enhancing the grid-connected power systems. Here, Neuro-fuzzy logic is used as dynamic reactive power compensation in the grid. Also, this logic can efficiently handle the Energy storage system (ESS). Then SP UPQC was used to enhance power quality in electrical distribution systems. It combines both series and shunt compensators to mitigate various power quality issues such as voltage sags, harmonics, and unbalance. After that MPPT was utilized to extract the maximum power from the grid system. Model Predictive Control (MPC) controller to determine the overall stability and performance of the system. Moreover, the developed model was implemented on the MATLAB platform and performance is analyzed in terms of voltage deviation, grid current, reactive power fluctuations and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD).

Modification of Polycrystalline PV String for Charging on Electric Scooter

Electric scooters rely on batteries to power BLDC motors, which are traditionally recharged through the household electricity grid. However, alternatives like solar energy are being explored to reduce dependency on conventional power sources. A challenge arises due to the discrepancy in voltage compatibility between standard solar panels and scooter batteries. Typically, a 36 V scooter battery requires a higher voltage input than the 18 V output of a single solar panel. This requires modifications to align solar cell design with battery voltage requirements. This study implements a PZEM-015 sensor for monitoring battery energy consumption. The contribution of this study is twofold: to develop and optimise solar cell modification for effective battery charging and to assess battery consumption concerning speed and travel duration. Testing reveals that a series circuit modification yields an average voltage of 39.2 V and an average current of 0.55 A, resulting in 21.8 Wp of power output. Analysis of scooter performance indicates that maintaining speeds between 4.16 m/s and 5.55 m/s significantly extends travel time and conserves battery energy. These findings highlight the potential of modified solar PV in enhancing electric scooter efficiency and sustainability.

Energy Harvesting Floor Tile Using Piezoelectric Patches for Low-Power Applications

Abstract Purpose One of the sustainable energy sources derived from kinetic energy is human footsteps. This research sought to find a substitute for conventional power sources to lessen dependence on them. As a result, a floor tile excited by human footsteps was demonstrated and presented to generate usable electrical power. Methods Piezoelectric patches, hot melt glue sticks, wood plates, and foam plates are just a few of the commercially available materials used in the suggested technique, making it suitable and practical. In addition to the components, uncomplicated circuits like a voltage multiplier and rectifier with a capacitance filter were employed for the electrical power capture. The proposed prototype has a length of 455 mm and a width of 405 mm. Results Two LEDs were effectively illuminated as an actual load using electrical energy collected from human footsteps. The maximum useful power that could be harvested successfully via the proposed floor tile (one tile) was 246 mW, with an approximate cost of $10.2. Conclusions Designing an array of footsteps-based energy harvesting tiles covering broad areas to maximize the harvested power could be considered as a future work. Moreover, the number of pedestrians variable can be also studied for the proposed design of this study in a real excitation environment such as a railway station, subway station, street, discotheque, and wedding festival hall.

Indoor photovoltaics: A numerical model of dye-sensitized solar cells based on indoor illumination for the Internet of Things applications

Since dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC) have a suitable efficiency in the invisible region, they present a promising avenue for sustainable energy generation, particularly in the context of indoor environments where ambient lighting prevails. This paper proposes a novel numerical model tailored to assess the performance of DSSCs under indoor lighting conditions, with a specific focus on their potential application in powering Internet of Things (IoT) devices. By considering factors such as radiation intensity and spectral composition, particularly from common indoor light sources like Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs) and Fluorescent lights, the model offers insights into the efficiency and viability of DSSCs in indoor settings. Since empirical analyses are difficult and expensive, the existence of a numerical model that investigates cell behavior under indoor illumination can be beneficial for developing such cells. In conducting verifying analyses under varying lighting conditions, the study demonstrates notable efficiencies of DSSCs, with LED 3000 K illumination at 1000 lux intensity yielding the highest performance. While DSSCs may appear less economically viable in environments with readily available electricity, their potential significance lies in providing sustainable energy solutions for IoT devices, thus reducing dependency on conventional power sources and contributing to environmental sustainability. The scientific significance of this research lies in its contribution to understanding the behavior of DSSCs under indoor lighting, offering insights into their potential applications in powering IoT devices. By providing a numerical model for evaluating DSSC performance under realistic indoor conditions, this study opens avenues for further research in optimizing DSSC technology for indoor energy harvesting applications, thereby advancing the field of renewable energy and sustainable technology integration.

Porous covalent polymer framework-based molecular platform for polychromatic Vis-to-NIR electrochromic smart window to modulate solar irradiation

Employing advanced electrochromic technology, the low energy-consuming smart windows seamlessly regulate light transmission, optimizing energy efficiency without compromising comfort. This innovation marks a significant stride toward sustainable architecture, offering dynamic control over interior luminosity while reducing reliance on conventional power sources. In that context, a porous perylene diimide (PDI) and triazine-containing covalent polymeric framework, PD-CPF, was synthesized for electrochromic (EC) applications. The PD-CPF-based electrochromic device (ECD) exhibited a multicolored, durable visible-to-NIR electrochromism when used in an ECD. The low-power-consuming (3.05 mW/cm2) electrochromic (EC) smart window remarkably lowered the solar irradiance gain by 68%.

Electrostatic-driven self-assembled chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs)/MXene films for triboelectric nanogenerator

With the rapid development of smart wearable electronics, self-powered devices are urgently needed to overcome the limitations of conventional power sources. The single electrode triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) attracts much attention owing to its simple fabrication, carrying convenience, and easy use as a power source for wearable electronic devices. Herein, a flexible, responsive, and multifunctional single electrode TENG based on renewable chitin nanocrystals (ChNCs) and MXene composite film (CM-TENG) is developed. ChNCs act as interfacial adhesives to facilitate the assembly of the MXene nanosheets, which significantly improves the composite film's mechanical properties and electrical conductivity. Positively charged ChNCs neutralize the negative charges of MXene nanosheet surfaces, enabling the composite film to rapidly transfer charges during the electrostatic induction process. The output performance of the CM-TENG can achieve 99.5 mW m−2 power density so it can be utilized for self-powered strain and tactile sensors. This work presents a new strategy for constructing stable and flexible power sources and self-powered sensors via electrostatic-driven self-assembled of ChNCs and MXene, which shows promising application in low frequency mechanical energy harvesting and self-powered wearable electronics.

Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer in Different Applications

In Modern Era, the demand for wireless technology has surged exponentially, promising enhanced living comfort and safety. Simultaneous Wireless Power and Data Transfer (SWPDT) has emerged as a critical area of study, finding applications in electric vehicles, underwater autonomous vehicles, and biomedical implants. This technology facilitates real-time monitoring while supplying power, eliminating the need for bulky cables and conventional power sources. Hence this paper addresses the state-of-art of SWPDT in different applications This comprehensive review covers various SWPDT implementation methods for applications like electric vehicles, biomedical implants, and autonomous underwater vehicles. Different techniques for implementation of SWPDT using inductive links and its design recommendations.

The Effect of Default Options on Choice of Electricity Utility at Grid Parity: A Mixed Methods Study

Alternative energy, or green energy, has the potential to mitigate carbon dioxide emitted from conventional power sources, particularly at grid parity – the point at which alternative energy reaches a levelized electricity cost that is less than or equal to purchasing grid-supplied electricity. This mixed methods study examined the effect of defaults on electricity utility selection at grid parity by young people who may be choosing a utility for the first time or may have recently experienced choosing a utility. Additionally, we investigate the justification of participants’ choice of electricity utility. A chi-squared test determined that the gray electricity utility was chosen significantly more often in the gray default condition than in either the no default or green default conditions confirming the influence of defaults even at grid parity. Those who selected green energy regardless of the default scenario expressed that they did so because the alternative energy option was the same price, but cleaner. Those who chose the conventional energy source regardless of default conveyed doubt that green energy would remain at grid parity and held a belief that conventional energy is more reliable along with feeling manipulated by the green utility’s informational message. Results from this study indicate that continuing to offer gray energy as the default and green energy as the alternative could adversely impact the predicted large-scale shift in generation from gray energy sources to green energy sources when grid parity is prevalent.

Performance Evaluation of Induction Motor Behaviour on Conventional and PV System Power Sources

The present study explores the integration of photovoltaic (PV) systems for enhancement of power system quality and reliability, particularly when PV system is deployed to power inductive loads which have wide applications in commercial and industrial settings. A mixed approach is deployed using MATLAB/Simulink for the modelling and simulation process. The study investigates the impact of inductive loads on PV system, comparing its performance with a conventional power source of same power willing capacity. The PV system was modelled by connecting PV arrays in series and parallel combinations. The output of the PV arrays was fed into a three phase PWM inverter, the harmonics present at the inverter output were eliminated using properly sized Inductor- capacitor (L-C) filter circuit. Also, a three-phase conventional source of same output capacity was modelled. Comparative analysis of the impacts inductive loads has on both sources were carried out and this was accomplished by integrating three-phase asynchronous motor rated at 15kW(20HP). The induction motors were independently powered by two distinct sources and further subjected to intermittent loading conditions. The major parameters investigated includes the rotor speed, rotor current, and electromagnetic torque of the asynchronous motor. The outcome of the study showed that the conventional source outperforms the PV system. These necessitates the studies on adoption of advance strategies on how the negative impacts and challenges encountered in the course of integrating PV system to power inductive loads will be address.

Design And Development Of A Spiral Tube Water Wheel Pumping System: A

This paper provides an overview of the ancient evolution,design and development of different types of spiral tube water wheel pumping system (STWWPS). It has always been a challenge to lift water and carry it to some other locations for executing meaningful work, making use of the alternative sources of power. Several kinds of non-conventional energy sources and techniques have been tried. Each one is having its own merits and demerits. Making use of the kinetic energy of flowing water can be achieved through different kinds of water wheel.Spiral tube powered by kinetic energy of flowing water has been utilized for lifting and carrying water for irrigation and other purposes, contributing to the replacement of conventional diesel and electric power sources. These conventional sources are expensive (Diesel) and often unreliable in rural areas (Electricity).This review paper examines the design, development, and performance evaluation of various spiral tube pumping systems, including single, double, multilayer, pedal type, four scoop type, and multi-purpose models. It examines the load torque, power, efficiency, and stress analysis of shaft and bearing, and the impact of rotational speed, submerged ratio, and number of spiral pipes on the performance of the pumping system.The working principle allows these pumps to create a column of water within its coil that alternatively the air which is compressed as it moves towards the center of wheel. These pumpsnot only save electricity and diesel cost but the maintenance cost is also lowapart from contributing to the clean environment.

Hybrid energy storage system and management strategy for motor drive with high torque overload

The demand for small-size motors with large output torque in fields such as mobile robotics is increasing, necessitating mobile power systems with greater output power and current within a specific volume and weight. However, conventional mobile power sources like lithium batteries face challenges in surpassing the dual limitations of weight and output power due to constraints imposed by materials and other factors. Therefore, this paper references the approach of high-power hybrid energy systems in automobiles and proposes a battery–supercapacitor hybrid energy storage system (BSHESS) and energy management strategy. The motor is powered by the battery during low torque operating conditions, while the additional output power of the battery is used to charge the supercapacitor. In cases of torque overload, the rapid discharge of the supercapacitor provides the motor with a high current, ensuring instantaneous high output power. Furthermore, the proposed energy management strategy is used to control the charging and discharging processes of the supercapacitor, guaranteeing that the charging process of the supercapacitor does not interfere with the battery’s power supply to the motor, as well as maintaining controllability and stability of the current in the discharge process. The feasibility of the principle is verified through simulations, and we also design a complete prototype of the proposed BSHESS and conduct experiments on the motor. The results demonstrate that the maximum output current to the motor is increased by 150% compared to the original level, and the weight is reduced by 64.7% compared to a pure battery-powered system with same maximum current output. Additionally, the energy management strategy enables a more stable charging and discharging process compared to the unmanaged state.

Design and Development of Alternative Energy Sources: Solar Power Plant in Kalandrina Selosia Residential Area RT 008 / RW 008 Jayamukti Village

Purpose: This research paper aims to introduce a solar power plant in Kalandrina Selosia's residential area, addressing local energy needs sustainably. The study's significance lies in offering a renewable energy solution within a community context.
 Method: The research used experimental and descriptive methods to measure solar panel output and intensity alongside assessing electrical installations. Analytical techniques evaluated the system's functionality.
 Practical Applications: The designed 50-watt solar power plant showcases the feasibility of local solar energy generation. Its potential to reduce costs and environmental impact holds practical implications for communities lacking conventional power sources.
 Conclusion: This study successfully demonstrates solar power's viability in Kalandrina Selosia. The project contributes practical insight into renewable energy adoption, benefiting the community and broader understanding.

Comparison of miniaturized mechanical and osmotic energy harvesting systems

IoT stands for Internet of Things. It refers to the network of physical objects or ”things” embedded with sensors, softwares, and other technologies that enable them to connect and exchange data with other devices and systems over the internet. The IoT has the potential to transform many areas of our lives, including home automation, healthcare, transportation, manufacturing, etc. By collecting and analyzing data from connected devices, businesses and organizations can gain insights that can help them make better decisions, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. Naturally, IoT requires energy to work and many techniques have been developed to limit the power consumption of the devices. These objects now need very little power to work, of the order of the mW or the μW. However, the IoT devices need to run for long periods of time without being replaced or recharged. This is especially important for devices deployed in remote or hard-to-reach locations. In this framework, it is of great importance to develop energy harvesting systems for IoT. It is of prime importance to use energy from their environment rather than relying on conventional power sources like batteries or mains electricity. By reducing the need for disposable batteries, energy harvesting can help to reduce waste and minimize the environmental impact of IoT devices. Energy can be found in ambient light, temperature differences, vibrations, or electromagnetic radiation. In this review article we will focus on the recovery of energy from mechanical vibrations and on the recovery of mixing energy: these methods have in common to be based on material surface charges. We will detail different modes of operation: the realization of sensors that do not need power, the realization of energy recovery generators which store energy for sensor consumption, and finally the realization of energy recovery generators feeding directly sensors. We will describe the different physical mechanisms of these processes. We will then illustrate them with examples of outstanding achievements.