Conventional Periodontal Treatment Research Articles

Efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjuvant in periodontal treatment in Down syndrome patients

Down syndrome (DS) has characteristics that include mental retardation, a characteristic phenotype, congenital heart defects, immune disorders, and increased risk of periodontal disease (PD). Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is the combined use of photosensitizers associated with low-level laser (LLL) and oxygen, leading to singlet oxygen formation, which contributes to the antibacterial activity of the phagocytes, killing bacteria. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of aPDT as an adjuvant to conventional periodontal treatment of PD in DS patients. A double-blinded, controlled, randomized, split-mouth study was conducted. A total of 13 DS subjects who were 18years or older and who presented at least one tooth in each quadrant of the mouth with probing pocket depth (PPD) equal to or greater than 5mm were included. The patients were evaluated at three different times: at the baseline, PPD were obtained. After 1week, conventional scaling and root planing (SRP) was performed, and two randomly selected quadrants also received aPDT. One month after SRP, all the patients were reevaluated. Periodontal conditions were improved among all the participants. The PDT-with-SRP group presented a nonsignificant reduction in PPD (mean = 1.27mm, median = 1.17mm) relative to that of the SRP group (mean = 1.00mm, median = 0.95mm). Changes over time were compared using the Wilcoxon test. A significant reduction in median PPD was observed in both groups (p = 0.001). Both types of periodontal treatment, with and without PDT, were similarly effective and were associated with good clinical response.

Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Changes in Type-2 Diabetic & Non-Diabetic Patients with Chronic Generalized Periodontitis And Metabolic Improvement of Blood HbA1c Level After Conventional Periodontal Treatment

Aim: India leads the world today with largest number of diabetic patients in any given country. One forth of total diabetic population of world is in India, majority of them are of type-2 diabetics. Our aim of present study was that after control over periodontal infection by conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment, to evaluate metabolic control of type-2 diabetes by means of improvement in blood HbA1c level after 3 & 6 months. Material & Methods: Present study was carried out for management of periodontal infection by conventional periodontal treatment – scaling & root planing, in experimental group with type 2 diabetics and control group, non diabetics; both groups with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis. Clinical parameters measured were the plaque index, bleeding on probing index, probing depth & level of clinical attachment and metabolic response in tpe-2 diabetic patients by means of HbA1c at 3 & 6 months. Results: An improvement in all clinical variables was observed, with no statistically significant differences between the groups, with the exception of probing depth (p<0.016) which shows significantly better outcomes for the control group. The improvement observed in blood HbA1c levels confirmed a positive metabolic response to periodontal treatment. Conclusion:With this study, we conclude that,,non surgical conventional periodontal therapy can lead to definitive improvement in HbA1c level of type-2 diabetics.

Gingival Enlargement Induced by Felodipine Resolves with a Conventional Periodontal Treatment and Drug Modification.

We present a case of a 47-year-old male who suffered from GE around his lower anterior teeth as soon as he started treatment with Felodipine 400 mg. We show that oral hygiene measures, antibiotics, and conventional periodontal treatment (scaling and root planing SRP) were all not sufficient to resolve the drug induced GE, which will persist and/or recur provided that systemic effect of the offending medication is still present. The condition immediately resolved after switching to a different medication. The mechanism of GE is complex and not fully understood yet. It is mainly due to overexpression of a number of growth factors due to high concentrations of calcium ions (Ca2+). This affects fibroblasts proliferation and DNA synthesis and leads to a heavy chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate. Our case was managed according to the suggested protocols in previous case studies. The unique features in our case were the immediate onset of the adverse effect after starting the medication and the absence of any underlying medical condition apart from high blood pressure. Improving the oral hygiene together with SRP and cessation of the medication resolves drug induced GE.

A comprehensive periodontal treatment project: The periodontal status, compliance rates, and risk factors

Background/purposeThe comprehensive periodontal treatment project (CPTP) is being implemented in Taiwan since 2010. This retrospective study compared the periodontal status, compliance rates, and influence of risk factors for periodontal recurrence and tooth loss among groups of patients who accepted CPTP and conventional periodontal treatment (CPT). Materials and methodsA total of 161 patients who received periodontal therapy were investigated and divided into compliant (n = 94) and noncompliant (n = 67) groups. Patients in the compliant group were further assigned to two subgroups: CPT with a postcard recall (PR) system (CPT + PR, n = 48) and CPTP with a PR system (CPTP + PR, n = 46). Demographic characteristics and periodontal parameters, including the probing pocket depth (PPD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque control record (PCR), were collected for comparison between the subgroups. The risk factors for periodontal recurrence and tooth loss were statistically analyzed. ResultsThe 161 patients were followed-up for a mean of 3.8 years. The patients in the CPTP + PR subgroup exhibited shallower PPD, less BOP, improved PCR, and fewer tooth loss. Age, smoking, PPD ≥7 mm, and PCR ≥30% were associated with periodontal recurrence, whereas age, diabetes, BOP ≥30%, and duration of the follow-up period were correlated with tooth loss. PR apparently increased the compliance rate of patients (27.3% vs. 77.7%). ConclusionCPTP with PR led to an optimal and stable periodontal status in patients. Compliant patients maintained a significantly improved periodontal status as compared with noncompliant patients.

Periodontal healing with a preameloblast-conditioned medium in dogs.

The predictability of conventional periodontal treatments for damaged periodontal tissue is limited, particularly on the regeneration of new cementum. As signaling molecules, a range of growth factors has been used to promote periodontal regeneration on periodontal ligament (PDL) and cementum defects. A preameloblast-conditioned medium (PA-CM) was prepared from cultured murine apical bud cells, which can differentiate into ameloblasts. We examined the effect of PA-CM on PDL cells and cementoblasts invitro and evaluated histologically the effects of PA-CM on the regeneration of experimentally induced periodontal defects invivo. In vitro, the effects of PA-CM on the migration of human PDL cells were examined using a scratch wound healing assay and a transwell assay. The differentiation and mineralization potential of PA-CM-treated human PDL cells and murine cementoblastic OCCM-30 cells was examined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and Alizarin red-S staining. In vivo, six mongrel dogs (12-16kg; 6-8mo old) were used. Twenty-four roots were replanted with either, (i) only periodontal defects (n=12; control group), or (ii) periodontal defects and PA-CM treatment (n=12; experimental group). In the experimental group, the PDL and cementum between notches was removed using a Gracey curette and soaked in 0.08mL water containing 80μg of a PA-CM for 2min. The dogs were killed at 4 and 8wk post-surgery. The invitro results showed that PA-CM stimulated the migration of PDL cells and promoted the differentiation and mineralization of PDL cells and cementoblasts. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed stronger expression of Runx2, Osx, OC, Bsp and Cap mRNAs in the PA-CM-treated PDL cells and cementoblasts than those in the control cells. In vivo, newly formed PDL-like tissue and cementum-like tissue were observed partially between the root surfaces and newly formed bone in the experimental group. The regenerated PDL-like tissue in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 8wk (p<0.05). The replacement resorption on the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group at 8wk (p<0.05). In addition, the amount of newly formed cementum-like tissue in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 4 and 8wk (p<0.05). These results suggest that PA-CM has the potential to regenerate periodontal tissues in PDL and cementum defects.

Laser supported reduction of specific microorganisms in the periodontal pocket with the aid of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser: a pilot study.

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a radial firing tip of an Er,Cr:YSGG laser as an adjunct to a nonsurgical periodontal treatment. Methods. Twelve patients with chronic or aggressive periodontitis were treated by conventional periodontal treatment using ultrasonic devices and hand instruments and, additionally, in two quadrants with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser. A new radial firing tip (RFPT 14-5, Biolase) was used with 1.5 W, 30 Hz, 11% air, 20% water, and pulse duration 140 μs. Microbiological smears were taken before treatment, one day after lasing, and three and six months after lasing. Pocket depths of all periodontal sites were measured before and six months after treatment. Results. The total bacterial load of Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans inside the pocket was reduced significantly throughout the whole examination time. Greater pocket depth reductions were observed in all groups. There was a slight higher reduction of pocket depth in the lased group after six months. Conclusions. These results support the thesis that Er,Cr:YSGG laser supported periodontal treatment leads to a significant reduction of periopathogenes and thereby helps the maintenance of periodontal health.

A randomized clinical trial of salivary substitute as an adjunct to scaling and root planing for management of periodontal inflammation in mouth breathing patients

We investigated the outcome of conventional periodontal treatment in mouth breathing patients with chronic periodontitis, and compared the efficacy of applying salivary substitute to the anterior sextants as an adjunct to conventional treatment in such patients. In this randomized, investigator-blind, clinical study involving parallel groups, 40 mouth breathing patients were divided into two groups: a control group (CG, n = 20) comprising patients who received scaling and root planing (SRP), and a test group (TG, n = 20) who received salivary substitute as an adjunct to SRP for treatment of chronic periodontitis. The patients were followed up at various time intervals, and improvement of the gingival index (GI) was examined as the primary outcome. Student's t-test, repeated-measures ANOVA and Mann-Whitney U test were applied for statistical analysis. Although periodontal parameters were improved in both groups after 8 weeks of follow-up, the test group showed better improvement in terms of GI and percentage bleeding on probing. Within the limits of this study, our results suggest that the use of salivary substitute has a beneficial adjunctive effect for improvement of periodontal parameters in mouth breathing patients with chronic periodontitis.

The effect of conventional mechanical periodontal treatment on red complex microorganisms and clinical parameters in Down syndrome periodontitis patients: a pilot study.

Periodontal disease (PD) is induced by a complex microbiota, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola (together called the red complex), which triggers intense inflammatory reaction. Down syndrome (DS) individuals demonstrate a high prevalence of PD compared with those who are otherwise chromosomally normal (euploids). This pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of non-surgical periodontal treatment in DS chronic periodontitis patients on clinical and microbiological parameters. Patients with chronic periodontitis, 23 DS and 12 euploids (control group), were submitted to non-surgical mechanical periodontal treatment, followed by maintenance for 45days. Clinical parameters after periodontal treatment were similar in diseased and healthy sites, independent of the genetic background. Diseased sites of DS and control patients harbored similar levels of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia at baseline, but significantly higher levels of T. denticola were found in DS patients. Increased levels of P. gingivalis at healthy sites were found in DS individuals. Non-surgical periodontal therapy decreased the levels of red complex microorganisms and improved the tested clinical parameters of diseased sites in both groups. However, the levels of red complex bacteria were higher in diseased sites of DS patients after the periodontal treatment. We conclude in this pilot study that, although the mechanical periodontal treatment seemed to be effective in DS subjects over a short-term period, the red complex bacteria levels did not decrease significantly in diseased sites, as occurred in controls. Therefore, for DS patients, it seems that the conventional non-surgical periodontal therapy should be improved by utilizing adjuvants to reduce the presence of periodontopathogens.

Evaluation of different periodontal treatments modes for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Aim The type 2 diabetes (DM2) is a risk factor for periodontal disease, while, on the other hand, periodontitis worsens glycemic control. The treatment of periodontal disease reduces glycemia; however, there is no consensus on which is the best periodontal treatment for diabetic patients. This study aims to evaluate different modalities of periodontal therapy in diabetic patients, i.e., conventional periodontal treatment using scaling and root planning (RAR); and the one-stage full-mouth disinfection (FMD).

Analysis of spontaneous repositioning of pathologically migrated teeth: a clinical and radiographic study.

Pathologic migration is defined as a change in tooth position, resulting from a disruption of forces that maintain the teeth in the normal position with reference to the skull. Clinical evidence is limited that pathologically migrated teeth may reposition themselves after periodontal therapy. The current study was carried out to determine the frequency of spontaneous repositioning of pathologically migrated teeth after periodontal therapy, and to study the relation between the severity of migration and the degree of repositioning following treatment. Twenty-five patients aged 20 to 45 years with moderate to severe form of periodontitis presenting 52 diastema sites secondary to pathologic migration involving maxillary anterior teeth participated in the study. After conventional periodontal treatment had been performed, reactive repositioning was assessed by measuring the space between pathologically migrated teeth and adjacent teeth on study models and radiographs obtained at baseline, reevaluation at 4 weeks after scaling and root planing (SRP), 3 months after periodontal surgery, and 6 months from baseline. No changes were noted after SRP. On study models, 88.46% of all sites (46 of 52 sites) demonstrated various degrees of repositioning (both partial closure and complete closure) after periodontal therapy 6 months after baseline. Of these 46 sites, all exhibited improvement after surgical therapy. Labiopalatal repositioning was seen in 32 out of 51 teeth (62.74%). On radiographs, 77.27% of all sites (34 of 44 sites) demonstrated various degrees of repositioning (both partial closure and complete closure) after periodontal therapy 6 months after baseline. Of these 34 sites, all exhibited improvement after surgical therapy. Complete repositioning occurred in 34.61% and partial closure was seen in 53.80%. The findings suggest that spontaneous repositioning after periodontal therapy is likely, particularly when light to moderate degrees of pathologic migration are considered.

Eficacia in vitro de la moxifloxacina frente a Candida albicans en enfermedad periodontal

lntroduction: Chronic periodontitis is associated with a widely diverse and complex subgingival microbiota including possibly Gandida species. Objective: prevalence and in vitro antifungal sensitivity of isolates of Gandida species were examined in chronic periodontitis patients. Materials and Methods: Antifungal susceptibility testing of the isolates for moxifloxacin was performed by serial dilutions technique.The presence of Gandida species-positive individuals were described as the percentage of individuals with at least one infected pocket. Results and conclusions: Gandida species were detected in 13.2% of 76 chronic periodontitis patients. Moxifloxacin significantly inhibited the growth of Gandida (90%). Moxifloxacin may be a good alternative for the treatment of yeasts in periodontitis for the reason that under specific situations the superinfection by Gandida can be refractory to conventional periodontal treatments.

KTP laser therapy as an adjunctive to scaling and root planing in treatment of chronic periodontitis

Objective. The main goal of periodontal treatment is to control infection and, thereby, curb disease progression. Recent studies have suggested that the use of a laser as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) might improve the effectiveness of conventional periodontal treatment. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical effects of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser therapy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in combination with traditional SRP. Materials and methods. Twenty-four patients with untreated chronic periodontitis were treated using a split-mouth study design in which each side was randomly treated by SRP alone (control group) or KTP laser (0.8W, time on 50 ms, time off 50 ms, 30 s, 532 nm) followed by SRP (test group). In the distribution of the teeth (total = 124 teeth) in the patients, 106 (86%) were molars and 18 (14%) were premolars. The selected teeth were probed with a pressure-controlled probe, guided by stents. Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD) and probing attachment level (PAL) were recorded at baseline and at 2 and 12 months following therapy. Results. Statistical analysis demonstrated no differences between groups at baseline for all parameters (p > 0.05). BOP and PPD reductions and PAL gains were statistically significant both between baseline and 2 months and between baseline and 12 months in both groups (p < 0.05). The test group showed a greater reduction in PPD compared to the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, the test group showed a greater probing attachment gain compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions. In patients with chronic periodontitis, clinical outcomes of conventional periodontal treatment can be improved by using an adjunctive KTP laser.

Therapeutic effects of local drug delivery systems - PerioChip® in the treatment of periodontal disease

The primary goal of periodontal treatment is to stop periodontal disease progression and reduce future risks in disease recurrence. In order to overcome the limitations of the conventional treatment, controlled drug delivery systems for application in periodontal pockets have been developed. Their use offers several advantages: the therapeutic agent is targeted directly to the disease site and concentrations are 10-100 folds higher than the concentrations achieved by systemic administration, with low incidence of side effects. The PerioChip® is as local controlled-release biodegradable delivery system containing chlorhexidine digluconate. Several multicenter clinical trials have shown that the application of the PerioChip® in periodontal pockets as adjunct to the conventional periodontal treatment significantly improved the clinical parameters. In this article, the results from controlled clinical studies aimed to evaluate the clinical and microbiological efficacy of the PerioChip®, are discussed.

One-stage full-mouth disinfection and basic periodontal treatment in patients with diabetes mellitus

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of two modalities of treatment through clinical periodontal parameters in glycemic control of patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. 40 patients, who had not been submitted to conventional periodontal scaling and root planning, were selected and divided into two groups: (1) conventional periodontal treatment with scaling and root planning plus mechanical control, and (2) periodontal treatment (one-stage full-mouth disinfection) plus mechanical control. The analysis was carried at 0, 3 and 6 months, including probing depth, level of clinical attachment and bleeding on probing with evaluation of glycated hemoglobin. Only group 1 showed a significant reduction in bleeding on probing, while only group 2 showed a significant reduction in probing depth. The level of clinical attachment showed improvement in both the groups after 6 months. In the glycated hemoglobin test, only group 1 significantly reduced after 6 months, while for group 2 there was a reduction after 3 months and a significant increase after 6 months. We suggest that after a period of 6 months, the basic periodontal treatment is more efficient for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes with periodontal disease.

Additional benefits of homeopathy in the treatment of chronic periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial

Background and objectiveHomeopathic medicine (HM) in the treatment of Chronic Periodontitis (CP) aims to restore the vital energy balance of the patient allowing the body to heal itself. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the additional benefits of HM as an adjunctive to conventional periodontal treatment (CPT). Materials and methodsAfter sample size calculation, sixty individuals of both genders, and ages varying between 35 and 70 years old, 40 with chronic periodontitis (CP group – CPG) and 20 without CP (Healthy Group – HG) participated in this “Single-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial”. The CP patients were divided into two groups: one was submitted only to CPT (CP Control Group – CPT-C) and the other group was submitted to CPT and HM, according to the similia principle (CP Test Group – CPTT). Assessments were made at baseline and after 90 days of treatments. The local and systemic responses to the treatments were evaluated by clinical and laboratory parameters, respectively. Data were analyzed by parametric and nonparametric tests. The level of significance was 5%. ResultsAt baseline, CP patients presented higher values of LDL cholesterol and blood glucose than HG individuals. After the treatment, all the systemic parameters evaluated decreased in CP patients, except LDL and HDL Cholesterol in CPT-C, and HDL Cholesterol in CPT-T. There was a statistical gain in clinical attachment level only in CPT-T (+0.51 mm) after 90 days; however, there was a reduction in probing depth, in the level of visible plaque and in the bleeding on probing, in both CP groups (CPT-C and CPT-T) after 90 days. ConclusionThe findings of this 3-month follow-up study concluded that H M, as an adjunctive to CPT, can provide additional benefits in the treatment of CP.

Assessment of periodontal treatment on lipid control in patients with cardiovascular disease

Several studies have sought to explain the possible causal relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to find evidence that periodontal treatment is associated with changes in lipid levels in patients with cardiovascular disease after a 12-month follow-up period. Eighty patients were selected and divided into 4 groups of 20 patients each, as follows: 2 groups of patients with cardiovascular disease and conventional periodontal treatment or full-mouth scaling and root planing; and 2 groups of patients without systemic involvement and conventional periodontal treatment or full-mouth scaling and root planing. The patients were evaluated by laboratory examinations and clinically evaluated for 12 months. Improvement in the clinical and lipid parameters in patients with cardiovascular disease was observed. The best results were obtained by mechanical control and full-mouth scaling and root planing. It may be concluded that periodontal treatment contributes to control the lipid levels, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease. Key words: Periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, total cholesterol, triglycerides.

Clinical Effects of Potassium–Titanyl–Phosphate Laser and Photodynamic Therapy on Outcomes of Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

The main objective of periodontal treatment is to control infection and thereby curb disease progression. Recent studies have demonstrated that adjunctive treatment procedures, such as laser irradiation or photodynamic therapy (PDT), may provide some additional benefit in the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP). The aim of this randomized controlled trial is to clinically evaluate and compare the clinical effects of potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser and PDT on outcomes of CP treatment. Twenty-four patients with untreated CP were treated using a split-mouth study design in which the teeth in each quadrant were randomly treated by scaling and root planing (SRP) alone (group A), PDT followed by SRP (group B), or KTP laser followed by SRP (group C). The periodontal pockets were exposed to a KTP laser with the following parameters: 0.8 W output power, 50 milliseconds time on/50 milliseconds time off, 30 seconds per irradiation at 532 nm and 11.7 J/cm(2) fluence, with a flexible fiberoptic tip with a diameter of 200 µm. The selected pockets were probed with a pressure-controlled probe, guided by stents. Clinical periodontal parameters assessed included plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), which were recorded at baseline and at 6 months after therapy. Statistical analysis demonstrated no differences between groups at baseline for all parameters (P >0.05). All treatments yielded significant improvements in terms of BOP and PD decrease and CAL gain compared to baseline values (P <0.05). Group C showed a greater reduction in PD compared to the other groups (P <0.05). In addition, group C showed a greater CAL gain compared to the other groups (P <0.05). In patients with CP, clinical outcomes from conventional periodontal treatment of deeper pockets can be improved by using adjunctive KTP laser.

Actonel&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;&amp;#174;&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt; (risedronate) therapy for the maintenance of alveolar bone in adult chronic periodontitis

Introduction: The primary objective of this study was to determine whether risedronate sodium (Actonel?) therapy, in conjunction with conventional non-surgical periodontal treatment, reduces the rate of alveolar bone loss. Secondary aims were to compare the incidence of patient dropouts in the risedronate and placebo groups, and to document adverse events. Methods: This double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 125 patients with moderate to severe periodontitis. At baseline, three, and nine months, standardized vertical bite-wing radiographs were taken and used to measure bone loss. Clinical periodontal examinations were taken at three-month intervals to assess whether or not the patient was experiencing rapid periodontal breakdown, in which case suitable treatment could be planned and delivered. Patients received scaling and root planing at baseline and periodontal maintenance at three-month intervals thereafter. At three months, subjects were randomly assigned to risedronate (35 mg/week by mouth) or placebo in blocks based on the severity of periodontitis (moderate, mean bone loss 2 -4 mm; or severe, mean bone loss >4 mm); smoking; and diabetes. Interval bone loss in millimeters was measured from the radiographs, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for differences in bone loss between test and placebo groups. Results: Over the nine-month study duration, the test group exhibited a significantly greater increase in bone height (0.31 ±0.09 mmgain test, 0.08 ±0.09 mmgain placebo, F = 4.94, p gesting the possibility of a patient-noticeable effect. There was no indication of ONJ.

Ozone and its use in periodontal treatment

Objectives: To evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment in dental practice. Methods: An evaluation of the current state of knowledge regarding the application of ozone in periodontal treatment revealed limited available literature. Therefore an audit was conducted in dental practice in order to evaluate the effects of ozone in periodontal treatment. Twenty-five patients were treated with gaseous ozone after having had failed conventional periodontal treatment. BPE scores and the six deepest pockets were measured in each patient before and after the use of ozone. Results: From the initial number of twenty-nine patients selected, twenty-five patients attended both follow up appointments. Based on BPE scores, twenty of the patients have overall improvement while five of the patients continued to have deterioration. Eight patients had an improvement in depths of periodontal pockets by three millimetres, sixteen patients had improvement by one to two millimetres and one patient did not improve. The depth of pockets after the use of ozone decreased significantly (P Conclusion: The audit revealed that gaseous ozone significantly (P

A single session of motivational interviewing as an additive means to improve adherence in periodontal infection control: a randomized controlled trial

To evaluate the effect of a single session of motivational interviewing (MI) on self-performed periodontal infection control. A randomized, examiner masked, controlled clinical trial of 6-month duration was performed involving 44 patients with chronic periodontitis, referred for periodontal treatment. At baseline, all subjects were examined concerning marginal gingival bleeding (MBI) and plaque (PI). Test subjects received a single MI-session before initiation of the periodontal treatment. Otherwise, all patients followed the same treatment protocol for conventional educational intervention and non-surgical periodontal therapy. Efficacy variables for evaluation of self-performed periodontal infection control were MBI (primary variable) and PI. The MI intervention resulted in a negligible decrease (3-4%) in MBI and PI that was not significantly different from the changes observed in the control group without any intervention. Neither was any additive effect of the initial MI-session found on the standard of oral hygiene subsequent to conventional treatment. A desirable MBI score of ≤20% at the end of treatment was associated with being a female patient, whereas high plaque scores at baseline counteracted a corresponding desirable final PI of ≤20%. A single freestanding MI session as a prelude to conventional periodontal treatment had no significant effect on the individuals' standard of self-performed periodontal infection control in a short-term perspective.