Conventional Lateral Condensation Research Articles

IN VITRO VOLUMETRIC EVALUATION OF OVAL SHAPED ROOT CANALS FILLED WITH FIVE DIFFERENT OBTURATION TECHNIQUES

Objectives: This in vitro study aimed to compare the volumes of unfilled areas in oval-shaped root canals filled with five different obturation techniques after minimally invasive root canal shaping using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: 50 extracted mandibular premolars with oval-shaped root canals were used. Root canals were instrumented with K3 files (Kerr, USA) to size #30.04. Then, the samples were randomly distributed into five groups and obturated with different techniques; single cone technique with AH plus (Group A), single cone technique with BIO-C® SEALER (Group B), modified lateral condensation technique with AH Plus using 0.04 GP (Group C), conventional lateral condensation technique with AH Plus (Group D) and continuous warm compaction with AH plus (Group E). All teeth were scanned using CBCT before and after obturation. Volume of voids was calculated in each third of the root canal using 3D Doctors software. Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Dunn tests were used for statistics (p<0.05). Results: Group E showed the least mean volume percentage of voids, whereas Group A showed the highest mean volume percentage of voids in the coronal third, the middle third and overall. However, in the middle and apical thirds, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the mean volume percentage of voids (p>0.05). Conclusion: The obturation technique effected the quality of obturation minimally in the middle and apical thirds of oval-shaped root canals. The single cone techniques had a higher percentage volume of voids than the continuous wave compaction technique.

Influence of different obturation techniques in coronal bacterial infiltration: study in dogs

The objective of this study was to evaluate, in vivo, coronal bacterial infiltration after endodontic treatment with different obturation technique. Forty-five dogs’ root canals, originated from incisors and premolars, were used. The animals were intubated after general anesthesia. After local antisepsis and placement of rubber dam isolation, teeth were opened and instrumented up to a Kerr handfile #40, followed by three obturation protocols with Endofill®: Lateral condensation, Lateral condensation with a coronal plug of set Endofill® and Tagger hybrid technique. Access openings were not sealed and root fillings remained exposed to oral environment for 90 days. After this period, animals were euthanized and specimens were histologically processed and stained with Brown and Brenn. Dentinal tubules were evaluated with presence or absence of bacteria descriptive analysis. Bacterial infiltration was identified on root canal walls in six out of 14 root canals filled with the lateral condensation technique (42,8%), two out of 15 canals filled with Lateral condensation with a plug of set Endofill® (13,3%) and in two out 13 root canals filled with the Tagger hybrid technique (15,3%). Although the use of a coronal plug or a thermomechanical compaction technique showed less bacterial infiltration than conventional lateral condensation, none of the obturation techniques prevented bacterial infiltration to periapical area, evidencing the importance of a proper coronal seal or final restoration.

Comparative evaluation of the radiographic density of GuttaFlow® 2 in different obturation techniques using Spiral Computed Tomography

Background: Ideal root canal obturation depends on many factors; one of them is good sealing of root canal without pores. The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic density of GuttaFlow® 2 with different obturation techniques using spiral computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Forty palatal roots of permanent maxillary first molar were used in this study. Following working length determination, root canal was prepared using rotary PROTAPER universal system. They were randomly divided into four groups of 10 roots each, the groups are Conventional lateral condensation with Apexit Plus sealer, Conventional lateral condensation with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer, Soft Core Regular with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer and single cone with GuttaFlow® 2. The experimental roots were then analyzed in both horizontal and vertical sections from the apex to coronal using Spiral Computed Tomography. The obtained data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests at a level of significance of 0.05. Results: Statistical analysis showed highly significant differences among the different areas (apical, middle and coronal) of each group. The density of obturation systems decreased in the following sequence: single cone with GuttaFlow® 2 (highest density), Soft Core Regular, Conventional lateral condensation with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer and finally Conventional lateral condensation with Apexit Plus sealer (lowest density) Conclusion: None of the tested obturation techniques can achieve ideal three-dimensional dense obturation. Single cone with GuttaFlow® 2 shows the best results.

Three-dimensional helical computed tomographic evaluation of three obturation techniques: In vitro study.

Aim:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adequacy of three obturation techniques namely lateral condensation, EQ Fil (backfill obturation) and thermafil (core carrier obturation) techniques using three-dimensional (3D) helical computed tomography (CT) by volume rendering method.Materials and Methods:Thirty freshly extracted teeth were randomly divided into three groups of 10 teeth each. Biomechanical preparation was done in all the teeth using rotary instruments. All three sets of teeth were placed in helical CT slice scanner and were imaged before obturation. The three sets were then obturated by following methods: Group I: lateral condensation, Group II: EQ Fil (backfill) and Group III: thermafil (core carrier obturation).Volume of the pulp chamber and gutta-percha after obturation were calculated using volume rendering technique and adequacy of the obturation techniques were calculated.Statistical Analysis Used:One-way ANOVA and Multiple-Range Tukey Test by Tukey-HSD procedureResults:Mean change in lateral condensation (0.005±0.002) was significantly higher than that of thermafil obturation (0.002±0.001) [P<0.05].Conclusions:Conventional lateral condensation technique showed maximal inadequacy of obturation and thermafil obturation technique showed the least inadequacy of obturation when the volume of the specimens were calculated and reconstructed

Root canal treatment using thermoplasticized carrier condensation technique

Background: The management of pulpally and apically infected teeth has evolved into a modality of conservation with predictable degree of success. Root canal treatmentoften requiresprotracted chairside time. A new technique involving placement of thermoplasticized core carrier obturators was compared with conventional lateral condensation technique. Methods: A prospective, comparative, in-vivo cohort study was carried out on randomly selected 100 patients visiting a tertiary care centre from July 2005 to July 2007, for primary, non-surgical conservative management of teeth requiring root canal treatment. Two groups of fifty cases each were managed withlateral condensation and thermoplasticized core carrier obturation techniques. Outcome variables were rate of obturation and failure rates as assessed by clinical and radiological evaluation. Result: The time taken in case of lateral condensation of maxillary central incisor was 17.30 ± 3.373 minutes and 28.07 ± 2.586 minutes in case of mandibular molar. In the thermoplasticized carrier condensation technique, for the central incisors it took 13.00 ± 1.376 minutes and 21.07 ± 2.463 minutes for mandibular molars. The mean rank value for time taken for obturation as per Mann Whitney U test (p < 0.01) were 27.88 for maxillary incisor and 44.73 for mandibular molar in the lateral condensation technique and 13.13 and 16.27 respectively for thermoplasticized gutta percha carrier condensation. The values were statistically significant. With 16% and 14% cases having unsatisfactory filling as evaluatedby post filling radiograph, Chi square test two tailed p value was 0.6836 and there was no statistically significantdifference between the two groups. An absolute failure rate of 10% was seen in lateral condensation group and 6% in thermo-plasticized carrier condensation group. Fisher exact 2-tailed p value was 0.71 and the difference in failure rate was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Root canal obturation by thermoplasticized core carrier condensation technique is an effective alternative to conventional lateral condensation technique in terms of quick and successful outcome.

A comparative study of apical microleakage using the conventional lateral condensation and mechanical lateral condensation techniques.

This study compared apical dye penetration using lateral condensation technique (LC) and LC technique with a reciprocal handpiece (mechanical lateral condensation or MLC) as a new method. Forty-eight human extracted straight canine teeth were used. After crown amputation, the teeth were randomly divided into four experimental groups of 10 teeth each and two negative and positive control groups of 4 teeth each. The groups were as follows: IA, 10 obturations completed by operator A using the LC technique; Group IB, 10 obturations completed by operator B using the LC technique; Group IIA, 10 obturations completed by operator A using the MLC technique; and Group IIB, 10 obturations completed by operator B using the MLC technique. All roots were placed in 2% methylene blue dye and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 3 minutes. Following centrifugation, the roots were cut along their long axis and evaluated under a stereomicroscope to measure the depth of dye penetration. A t-test showed that the teeth which were filled by the MLC technique had less dye penetration in comparison with LC technique (P<0.05). This in vitro study illustrates that canals obturated with the MLC technique had superior apical seal than canals filled with the LC technique.

Shear modulus and thermal properties of gutta percha for root canal filling

The purpose of this investigation was to investigate the rheological properties of four commercially available gutta perchas for root canal filling. The relaxation modulus [Gr(0): instantaneous shear modulus] and specific volume of their materials were examined. In addition, the quantity of heat was also studied by differential scanning calorimeter. In a lower temperature range than the first-order transition temperature (melting point), the Gr(0) values of each material were almost identical. A marked decrease of Gr(0) was observed at the melting point, and the range of the first-order transition temperature at heating was from 42.0 to 60.0 degrees C. At higher temperatures than the first-order transition temperature of each material, a considerable difference in Gr(0) values was observed. The transition temperatures obtained by the results of the Gr(0), specific volume and quantity of heat agreed with one another. A marked specific volume change was observed at the first-order transition temperature. The technique using melted gutta percha may not be favourable compared with the conventional lateral condensation technique because melted gutta percha undergoes a large amount of shrinkage during setting.

Effect of Spreader and Accessory Cone Size on Density of Obturation Using Conventional or Mechanical Lateral Condensation

A simulated curved root canal in a resin block was enlarged to size 40 and used to compare the depth of accessory cone penetration and weight of obturation occurring with the use of different obturation techniques and spreader-accessory cone combinations. Twelve groups, each consisting of 10 obturations, were created. A conventional lateral condensation technique was used in six groups and a mechanical lateral condensation (MLC) technique was used in six matched groups. The six spreader-accessory cone combinations were either Fine-Medium or Fine nickel-titanium finger spreaders with either Fine, Medium-Fine, or size 25 accessory cones. Seven accessory cones were placed in every obturation. The depth of each accessory cone penetration into the canal was measured. After each obturation the gutta-percha was removed, sectioned, and the resulting mass was weighed. The means for each variable were determined and compared. MLC fills were significantly heavier and had greater depth of penetration on average than conventional lateral condensation. The best combination for heavy fills was MLC, Fine-Medium spreaders, and Fine accessory cones. The greatest mean accessory cone depth occurred with MLC, Fine-Medium spreaders, and size 25 accessory cones.

The effect of variation in thermomechanical compaction techniques upon the quality of the apical seal.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of compactor design, alterations in rotational speed and modification to the basic technique of thermomechanical compaction on the quality of the apical seal produced by gutta-percha and sealer cement. The integrity of the apical seal achieved using two different configurations of compactor, rotational speeds of 8000 and 16,000 rev/minute and a hybrid technique which combined thermomechanical compaction with lateral condensation were compared with conventional lateral condensation. The same brand of gutta-percha and type of sealer were used throughout the investigation. A cleared tooth technique that allowed the three-dimensional assessment of Indian ink leakage was employed. Instrument fracture, a problem experienced in some other investigations, did not occur with either design of compactor used. Apical dye leakage was found to be a relatively frequent occurrence with each variation in obturation technique studied, including that of lateral condensation of cold gutta-percha and sealer. The results showed no significant difference in the mean degree of leakage for each of the groups or in the proportion of specimens that showed leakage (P greater than 0.1). The advantages of the hybrid method of root canal obturation were discussed.

Evaluation of three thermoplasticized gutta‐percha filling techniques using a leakage modelin vitro

Summary. In an experimetal model the leakge of three endodontic filling techniques using the thermoplasticity of gutt‐percha, was compared with the leakge occurring in canals filled by lateral condensation.Forty‐six blocks of artificial dentine, comprised of hydroxyapatite and polyethylene, containing standardized curved and prepared ‘root canals’, were mounted in open‐ended tubes. Five groups of eight canals each were obturated by: (i) a combination of lateral condensation and thermomechanical compaction (hybrid technique), (ii) by lateral condensation with the use of a heated spreader (Endotec), (iii) by injection of low‐temperature thermoplasticized gutta‐percha, (iv) by conventional lateral condensation performed by an experienced operator, and (v) by lateral condesation performed by an inexperienced operator. Two blocks with canals left open served as positive controls. Four blocks without canals served as negative controls. At the coronal end of the canals the tubes were filled with 0.5 per cent butyric acid and 0.1 per cent valeric acid in water. The apical reservoir was filled with 0.1 per cent valeric acid. The tubes were closed with rubber membrace stoppers at both ends. The butyric acid was the material to leak, the valerate served and an internal standard. Six and 11 days after obutration, samples which were drawn from the apical reservoir, were acidified and injected into a gas chromatograph for butyric and valeric acid concentration analysis. Six day samples did not show a statistical difference in leakage among groups. Eleven‐day samples, after 5 days of forced leakage through elevated pressure at hte coronal reservoir did, however, show a statistical difference using one‐way analysis of variance. The Student‐Keuls multiple comparison test revealed that the group filled with the use of the Endotec had significantly less leakage than any of the other groups. Nodifference was observed in leakage between the tow lateral conddensation group. Correspondence: Dr H. W. Kersten, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), Department of Cariology and Endodontology, Louwesweg 1,1066 EA Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Therapy for the divergent pulpless tooth by continued apical formation

Clinical experience illustrates the success of endodontic therapy based on the normal physiologic pattern of root development. The technic described brings about the resumption of apical development; after which the root canal can be obliterated by conventional lateral condensation technics.