Conventional Knowledge Research Articles

Last century's German citizens' dialogue on nuclear energy revisited: new lessons learnt?

Abstract. The German Site Selection Act for a Nuclear Repository of 2017 aims, among other objectives, to find a solution that is supported by a broad social consensus and can thus also be tolerated by those affected. Public participation is considered indispensable when planning and building a nuclear waste repository today. However, what is now even laid down by law has taken some time to emerge. The roots of today's guiding principles on public involvement lie first of all in the nuclear energy controversy of the 1970s and 1980s, which marked the first major societal conflict about technology in (West) Germany and, in terms of its consequences, has shaped the course of events up to the present day. Much of the experience with public engagement, its pitfalls and chances, has been largely forgotten. This paper seeks to address the present lack of knowledge about past government-funded public engagement on nuclear energy. It presents, for the first time, key findings from a 3-year interdisciplinary collaborative research project, funded by the Federal Office for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Management (BASE), on Germany's first information and dialogue campaign on this topic, the “Citizens' Dialogue on Nuclear Energy” (“Bürgerdialog Kernenergie”), which ran from the mid-1970s until the early 1980s. This research is based on comprehensive archival work in numerous state and non-state archives across Germany, a vast array of published materials, and oral history interviews. The paper will discuss why the campaign was started, which (international) models it drew on, which instruments it relied on, and which obstacles and dilemmas it faced. It will present where and to what extent the campaign was able to achieve its goals and where – and why – it failed. The “Citizens' Dialogue” was initially nationwide in scope. From 1977 onwards, activities primarily focussed on the region around Gorleben, where West Germany's nuclear waste repository was initially planned to be located (this decision being finally revoked in 2020). The paper argues that the government-funded campaign was based on two assumptions, which shaped its structure. First, relying on the then conventional knowledge deficit model, governments and experts assumed that citizens needed to be better informed to accept the need for nuclear expansion and lose their supposedly irrational fears regarding nuclear safety. Second, social democratic governments in Europe viewed the involvement of citizens in debates about technology, quality of life and planning for the future as new democratic territory. Juxtaposing past and present experiences with government-funded public engagement, the paper seeks to extract and discuss lessons that may be drawn from the history of past public engagement for the search for a new repository site – in Germany and elsewhere.

Implicit Event Argument Extraction With Argument-Argument Relational Knowledge

As a challenging sub-task of event argument extraction, implicit event argument extraction seeks to identify document-level arguments that play direct or implicit roles in a given event. Prior work mainly focuses on capturing direct relations between arguments and the event trigger; however, the lack of reasoning ability imposes limitations to the extraction of implicit arguments. In this work, we propose an <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</b> rgument-argument <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">R</b> elation-enhanced <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">E</b> vent <bold xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</b> rgument extraction (AREA) learning framework to tackle this issue through reasoning in event frame-level scope. The proposed method leverages related arguments of the expected one as clues, and utilizes such argument-argument dependencies to guide the reasoning process. To bridge the distribution gap between oracle knowledge used in the training phase and the imperfect related arguments in the test stage, we introduce a conventional knowledge distillation strategy to drive a final model that can work without extra inputs by mimicking the behaviour of a well-informed teacher model. In addition, considering that conventional knowledge distillation methods transfer knowledge individually, we integrate it with a novel relational knowledge distillation mechanism to explicitly capture the structural mutual argument-argument relation. Moreover, since the training process is not compatible with the real situation, a curriculum learning method is further introduced to make the training process smoother. Experimental results demonstrate that the learning framework obtains state-of-the-art performance on the RAMS and Wikievents datasets. Ablation study and further discussion also show it could handle long-range dependency and implicit argument problems effectively.

Process and outputs from a community codesign workshop on reducing impact of heat exposure on pregnant and postpartum women and newborns in Kilifi, Kenya.

Ambient heat exposure is increasing due to climate change and is known to affect the health of pregnant and postpartum women, and their newborns. Evidence for the effectiveness of interventions to prevent heat health outcomes in east Africa is limited. Codesigning and integrating local-indigenous and conventional knowledge is essential to develop effective adaptation to climate change. Following qualitative research on heat impacts in a community in Kilifi, Kenya, we conducted a two-day codesign workshop to inform a set of interventions to reduce the impact of heat exposure on maternal and neonatal health. Participants were drawn from a diverse group of purposively selected influencers, implementers, policy makers, service providers and community members. The key domains of focus for the discussion were: behavioral practices, health facilities and health system factors, home environment, water scarcity, and education and awareness. Following the discussions and group reflections, data was transcribed, coded and emerging intervention priorities ranked based on the likelihood of success, cost effectiveness, implementation feasibility, and sustainability. Twenty one participants participated in the codesign discussions. Accessibility to water supplies, social behavior-change campaigns, and education were ranked as the top three most sustainable and effective interventions with the highest likelihood of success. Prior planning and contextualizing local set-up, cross-cultural and religious practices and budget considerations are important in increasing the chances of a successful outcome in codesign. Codesign of interventions on heat exposure with diverse groups of participants is feasible to identify and prioritize adaptation interventions. The codesign workshop was used as an opportunity to build capacity among facilitators and participants as well as to explore interventions to address the impact of heat exposure on pregnant and postpartum women, and newborns. We successfully used the codesign model in co-creating contextualized socio-culturally acceptable interventions to reduce the risk of heat on maternal and neonatal health in the context of climate change. Our interventions can be replicated in other similar areas of Africa and serve as a model for co-designing heat-health adaptation.

Dealing with the challenges of legitimacy, values, and politics in policy advice

AbstractPolicy advice has been the subject of ongoing research in the policy sciences as it raises fundamental issues about what constitutes policy knowledge, expertise, and their effects on policymaking. This introduction reviews the existing literature on the subject and introduces the themes motivating the articles in the issue. It highlights the need to consider several key subjects in the topic in the contemporary era: namely the challenge of legitimacy, that of values, and the challenge of politics. The papers in the issue shed light on the ongoing delegitimization of conventional knowledge providers, the problem of the normative basis of experts’ advice, the increasing politicization of expertise in policymaking, and the relevance of political context in influencing not only the role of experts but also whether or not their advice is accepted and implemented. It is argued that these modern challenges, when not addressed, reinforce trends toward the inclusion of antidemocratic values and uninformed ideas in contemporary policymaking.

A divide and conquer framework for Knowledge Editing

As Pre-trained language models (LMs) play an important role in various Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, it is becoming increasingly important to make sure the knowledge learned from LMs is valid and correct. Unlike conventional knowledge bases, LMs implicitly memorize knowledge in their parameters, which makes it harder to correct if some knowledge is incorrectly inferred or obsolete. The task of Knowledge Editing is to correct errors in language models, avoiding the expensive overhead associated with retraining the model from scratch. While existing methods have shown some promising results, they fail on multi-edits as they ignore the conflicts between these edits.In the paper, we propose a novel framework to divide-and-conquer edits with parallel Editors. Specifically, we design explicit and implicit multi-editor models to learn diverse editing strategies in terms of dynamic structure and dynamic parameters respectively, which allows solving the conflict data in an efficient end-to-end manner.Our main findings are: (i) State of the art Knowledge Editing methods with multiple editing capability, such as MEND and ENN, can hardly outperform the fine-tuning method; (ii) Our proposed models outperform the fine-tuning method over the two widely used datasets for Knowledge Editing; (iii) Additional analytical experiments verify that our approach can learn diverse editing strategies, thus better adapting to multiple editing than state-of-the-art methods.

Trends and local perceptions of human-crocodile conflicts in Kariba town, northern Zimbabwe

ABSTRACT This study assessed the nature and local people’s perceptions of human-crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) conflicts (HCCs) for the period 2007 to 2016 in Kariba town, northern Zimbabwe. A mixed-method approach was used with 150 local fish folks interviewed between July and October 2017 through face-to-face interviews and secondary data on HCC were retrieved from the wildlife authority’s records. In contrast to the general perception from fish folks that there was an increase in HCC, secondary data analysis showed no significant trends of crocodile attacks on people for the period under study. HCC was mainly driven by fishing activities which exposed people to crocodile attacks. The study concludes that despite the recorded non-increasing trend in HCCs, HCC is a major conservation issue in Kariba town given enhanced human–wildlife interactions due to the economic needs for local livelihoods. Community educational programs are recommended as a way to manage HCC and close gaps between the conventional scientific and local knowledge.

Ethnobotanical studies in Brazil: an analysis of the man-sustainable development relationship

Ethnobotany is inserted in a subarea of botany that lies in the interface between traditional/popular knowledge and conventional scientific knowledge. However, there are several interpretations on the subject. Thus, this study, of qualitative nature, seeked to track the conceptual trends of this area in Brazil, by conducting a bibliographical survey. We selected 12 studies published between 1998-2022, available in the databases Scielo, CAPES, and Google Scholar, in English and Portuguese, carried out by Brazilian researchers in the country and published in national and international journals. According to our survey, there is an expressive number of researchers and studies available on the subject, and that these help to improve the knowledge on ethnobotany, providing support for future studies on the area. According to the data obtained, we observed that 12 articles address the concepts of ethnobotany, traditional populations, use of therapeutic resources, as well as rescuing traditional knowledge of communities. It was also observed that the loss of traditional knowledge and anthropic actions are not discussed very often in these articles. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a critical eye on these actions, creating more discussions in the context of preservation and environmental conservation.

The Integrated Problem of Construction Project Scheduling and Multiskilled Staff Assignment with Learning Effect

Effective multiskill resource scheduling requires comprehensive workforce assignments. Drawing on the multiskill project scheduling problem perspective, this study investigates the integrated problem of project scheduling and multiskilled staffing based on a more realistic perspective that human skill level is dynamic and has a variable activity duration caused by the learning effect. An integer linear programming model is innovatively constructed to solve the problem directly. Moreover, an adapted tabu search algorithm with six resource-oriented priority strategies is designed to solve large-scale problems efficiently. Based on a realistic construction project case and numerical instances, comprehensive computational experiments are conducted to validate the proposed algorithm. The findings reveal the impact of different resource strategies on project duration and personal skill growth, particularly through the optimization of project scheduling according to the dynamic scenarios. The research extends conventional project scheduling knowledge and its methods by solving complex scheduling problems for improved project objectives and employee value. In practice, the model and the algorithm can be integrated into the project management information system for strategizing a plan of project scheduling and staff assignment proactively.

Robert M. Ricketts and Rudolf Slavicek: dentistry by the rules of nature.

The stomatognathic structures act as a complex and integrated system, thereby accomplishing several essential functions of the body. Aside from participating in food digestion, they are key for respiration and swallowing and play a central role in social interaction and stress management. The lifeworks of Robert M. Ricketts (1920-2003), an American orthodontist, and Rudolf Slavicek (1928-2022), an Austrian prosthodontist, were centered on this understanding. Both were educated in the time of gnathology, functional dentistry, and cephalometry and were ready to challenge conventional knowledge and traditions, leading toward innovation. As untiring clinicians, researchers, and mentors, they were fully invested in the study of the stomatognathic system, considering its morphology, dynamics, growth patterns, evolution, and interactions with the body and mind. Based on their extensive knowledge of the masticatory system, they advanced dentistry both with theoretical notions and by implementing new diagnostic and therapeutic concepts, thus reinforcing the idea of dentistry as a medical discipline requiring interdisciplinary effort. Their heritage is represented by numerous publications, discoveries, and inventions that inspire the dental community to follow their exemplary approach to the individualized care of patients. Their knowledge and passion are further passed on through their students. As part of their legacy, they prepared the ground for new research aimed at fostering advancements in occlusion medicine, hence supporting education in oral health.

Women Also Know Stuff: Challenging the Gender Gap in Political Sophistication

This article proposes a simple but powerful framework to measure political sophistication based on open-ended survey responses. Discursive sophistication uses automated text analysis methods to capture the complexity of individual attitude expression. I validate the approach by comparing it to conventional political knowledge metrics using different batteries of open-ended items across five surveys spanning four languages (total $ N\approx 35,000 $). The new measure casts doubt on the oft-cited gender gap in political knowledge: women might know fewer facts about institutions and elites, but they do not differ substantively in the sophistication of their expressed political attitudes.

A Schematic Review of Knowledge Reasoning Approaches Based on the Knowledge Graph

In the contemporary world, the Internet technology and its implementation mode are advancing at a swift pace, leading to an exponential growth in the scale of Internet data. This data contains a significant amount of valuable knowledge. The effective organization and articulation of knowledge, as well as the ability to conduct thorough calculations and analyses, have garnered significant attention and developments within a particular environmental context. The utilization of knowledge graphs for knowledge reasoning has emerged as a prominent area of focus within the realm of knowledge graph research. It holds substantial significance in the realm of vertical search, intelligent answering, and various other applications. This article will be centered on fundamental principles of reasoning. The approach of knowledge reasoning oriented towards knowledge graphs is focused on the derivation of novel knowledge or the detection of erroneous knowledge through the utilization of pre-existing knowledge. In contrast to conventional knowledge reasoning approaches, the knowledge reasoning technique employed in knowledge graphs is characterized by greater diversity, owing to the succinct, adaptable, and flexible representation of knowledge.

Round offer prices in M&A transactions: costly negotiation and psychological preference

PurposeThe authors of this study aim to investigate possible explanations of the prevalence of price clustering in the final offer prices of mergers and acquisitions (M&A).Design/methodology/approachThe authors use final offer price in M&A deals to investigate the price clustering phenomena. The authors used regressions and logistic regressions to examine potential factors that might affect pricing strategy by looking into one-time acquirers and experienced serial acquirers.FindingsPrice clustering increases with negotiation uncertainties characterized as competitive bidding, number of bidders, challenged deals and duration. Moreover, the authors find persistent price clustering in experienced serial acquirers that are more experienced and better equipped with handling uncertainties, suggesting a preference of using round numbers regardless of levels of uncertainties. The authors' evidence shows that price clustering results from a combination of Harris' (1991) costly negotiation hypothesis where round prices may be used to lower search costs and psychological bias and preference.Originality/valueThe authors appear to be the first to investigate alternative theories that support M&A offer price clustering behavior, finding that both the costly negotiation and psychological bias and preference theories apply to M&A final price formation. Thus, the authors' major contribution, specific to the M&A process, is a clarification of physical and psychological factors associated with bidding and negotiation behavior. The authors are confident that the authors' study impacts conventional knowledge regarding M&A deal negotiation strategies, including bidding behavior, contract negotiation, financial analysis, management practices and risk management.

Entity-Agnostic Representation Learning for Parameter-Efficient Knowledge Graph Embedding

We propose an entity-agnostic representation learning method for handling the problem of inefficient parameter storage costs brought by embedding knowledge graphs. Conventional knowledge graph embedding methods map elements in a knowledge graph, including entities and relations, into continuous vector spaces by assigning them one or multiple specific embeddings (i.e., vector representations). Thus the number of embedding parameters increases linearly as the growth of knowledge graphs. In our proposed model, Entity-Agnostic Representation Learning (EARL), we only learn the embeddings for a small set of entities and refer to them as reserved entities. To obtain the embeddings for the full set of entities, we encode their distinguishable information from their connected relations, k-nearest reserved entities, and multi-hop neighbors. We learn universal and entity-agnostic encoders for transforming distinguishable information into entity embeddings. This approach allows our proposed EARL to have a static, efficient, and lower parameter count than conventional knowledge graph embedding methods. Experimental results show that EARL uses fewer parameters and performs better on link prediction tasks than baselines, reflecting its parameter efficiency.

Decision-making process of knowledge push service to improve organizational performance and efficiency: developing knowledge push algorithm

Purpose This study aims to highlight the inconsistency between conventional knowledge push judgements and the price of knowledge push. Also, a three-way decision-based relevant knowledge push algorithm was proposed. Design/methodology/approach Using a ratio of 80–20%, the experiment randomly splits the data into a training set and a test set. Each video is used as a knowledge unit (structure) in the research, and the category is used as a knowledge attribute. The limit is then determined using the user’s overall rating. To calculate the pertinent information obtained through experiments, the fusion coefficient is needed. The impact of the push model is then examined in comparison to the conventional push model. In the experiment, relevant knowledge is compared using three push models, two push models based on conventional International classification functioning (ICF), and three push models based on traditional ICF. The average push cost accuracy rate, recall rate and coverage rate are metrics used to assess the push effect. Findings The three-way knowledge push models perform better on average than the other push models in this research in terms of push cost, accuracy rate and recall rate. However, the three-way knowledge push models suggested in this study have a lower coverage rate than the two-way push model. So three-way knowledge push models condense the knowledge push and forfeit a particular coverage rate. As a result, improving knowledge results in higher accuracy rates and lower push costs. Practical implications This research has practical ramifications for the quick expansion of knowledge and its hegemonic status in value creation as the main methodology for knowledge services. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first theory developed on the three-way decision-making process of knowledge push services to increase organizational effectiveness and efficiency.

Rethinking Ignorance Through Confucianism and Daoism: Propriety, Transcendence, and Their Educational Implications

Purpose Ignorance has been seen as negative in the mainstream philosophical narrative and knowledge-based society. This study introduces Chinese epistemic traditions of Confucianism and Daoism as resources to reunderstand ignorance and current educational issues. Design/Approach/Methods Guided by hermeneutic openness, this study fuses ancient epistemic and modern educational horizons by reinterpreting early Confucian and Daoist classics. Findings The boundary between ignorance and knowledge is flexible and blurry in Confucianism and Daoism, and ignorance is distinctively understood as Confucian admissible propriety and Daoist transcendence of conventional knowledge. Rooted in these epistemologies, Confucianism and Daoism have developed unique educational ideas and forms— congyou (从游) and zuowang (坐忘)—which advocate moral socialization and self-reflexivity beyond knowing through language. These traditions inspire today's educators and learners to find more space for self-formation, appropriate forgetting, and illuminating intuition in education. Originality/Value As an initial exploration, this study examines potential nonnegative ignorance and its educational implications in Confucian and Daoist wisdom. The findings are instructive for rethinking today's knowledge-based society and the text-oriented education of Chinese culture and can contribute to world epistemic diversity and cultural interactions.

BIO1: Ice Is Not 4°C: Thermodynamic Characterization of Livers Preserved on Ice Vs Advanced Hypothermic Preservation Technology

Background: Clinical literature and conventional knowledge assumes that the temperature of donor livers stored on ice is 4°C. However, this assumption is not backed by empirical data as the typical environment of organ storage in solution is not measured or controlled, increasing risk of freezing injury. In an era where programs are evaluating the clinical and logistical tradeoffs of various perfusion strategies, it is important to quantify the actual temperature of livers stored on ice. Methods: Porcine livers were packaged in a traditional manner within 3 bags (3M) and placed on ice in a cooler (n=3) or using an advanced hypothermic technology (LIVERguard) (n=3). 2L preservation solution was in the organ bag, 2L saline in the second bag. Temperature probes were inside the liver tissue, liver surface, and in the saline bag. Temperatures were captured every 30 seconds, for up to 15 hours. Results: A total of 10,800 temperature measurements were analyzed between the two groups. Average liver surface temperatures evolved from an initial 5.9°C to 0.8°C (1 hr) to -0.1°C (4 hrs) in the ice group and from an initial 7.3°C to 7.3°C (1 hr), to 6.9°C (4 hrs) in LIVERguard group. Saline temperatures were like the surface temperatures. The starting temperature for ice was (-)6°C and approached 0°C at 8 hours. Average liver tissue temperature evolved from 5.7°C to 1.2°C (4 hrs), 0.2°C (8 hrs) and 0.1°C (12 hrs) in the ice group and from an initial 7.5°C to 6.8°C (4 hrs), 6.2°C (8 hrs), and 5.8°C (12 hrs) in LIVERguard group. Conclusions: Donor livers packaged and preserved on ice undergo rapid drop in temperature, approaching freezing in an uncontrolled manner. Actual temperatures are lower than the historically assumed 4°C. In contrast, donor livers packaged using LIVERguard remained between 4°C and 8°C. Centers may benefit from adopting controlled hypothermic strategies to prevent cold injury to donor livers.

Uncovering the Effect of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Ion Desolvation for Rational Interface Design in Li‐Ion Batteries

AbstractThe conventional knowledge of solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) is limited to their ionic conductive and electron‐insulating properties. The solvation structure regulation in the new‐concept electrolytes always leads to the regulated SEI, resulting in the improvement of ion desolvation kinetics. However, the linkage between the improved kinetics and the regulated SEl remains unconnected at the atomic level. Herein, this work proposes that the SEI can function more by facilitating ion desolvation. Using quantum chemistry calculations, this work explores the ion desolvation processes with and without SEI. It is found the accelerated ion desolvation in the new‐concept electrolytes is directly attributed to the SEI rather than the regulated solvation structure. Based on the recognition of SEI's role, this work proposes an SEI‐aided ion desolvation model. This study bridges the SEI and battery kinetics at the atomic scale and redefines the functions of SEI, which are expected to steer the electrolyte design in batteries.

Benefit-sharing model of traditional knowledge based on substantive fairness in China

Traditional knowledge itself is a living body of knowledge, which constitutes a part of its holders’ cultural or spiritual identity, and can also be continuously created as knowledge resources to form new knowledge, so that they can benefit from the protection of the intellectual property system. In recent years, through reasonable institutional arrangements and moderate market development, more and more countries and regions are promoting sustainable development of traditional communities through fair trade. When traditional knowledge products enter the market, the most common form globally is to share the benefits of traditional knowledge by contract. This article takes the case of traditional knowledge marketization in China as its research sample, summarizing four typical traditional knowledge benefit-sharing modes. By considering stakeholders’ motivation, purpose and negotiation ability in different modes, we find that the commonly agreed conditions with the contract as the main method show substantial unfairness characteristics, and put forward the corresponding optimization scheme of a benefit-sharing mode. The central argument is that substantive fairness should be the main principle of any traditional knowledge benefit-sharing system to ensure the sustainable development of traditional communities, and make the experience of China available for the international benefit sharing of conventional knowledge property.

Writing the polyphonic African queer future: reflections on Akwaeke Emezi’s Freshwater

In reading Freshwater (2018), one cannot but confront the diversity of perspectives that Akwaeke Emezi deploys to usher their African queer protagonist into an African-oriented queer future. While there exists – or should exist – pluriversal notions of subjectivity and intersubjectivity, specific epistemologies produced by Eurocentric structures continue to govern these notions and drive liberational discourse. Drawing largely from Afro/Africanfuturism, Queer futurism, and cultural references drawn from African systems of thought, I argue that Emezi’s novel brings together modern technological intervention on the human body and Igbo cosmology to liberate the African queer body from Western dominant structures of knowledge and Africa’s cultural amnesia. I also argue that the futuristic perspectives deployed in Freshwater allows for the destabilizing of conventional knowledge at the level of language and imagery such that suppressed and new structures of consciousness are centered. This is shown through the emblematic figure of the deified African woman, the redemptive link between the female image and sacred python, the symbiosis between visual and non-visual components, and the polytheistic religious value of collaboration. I highlight, ultimately, that the intersection of technology and imagination for the goal of liberation, which critical futurism espouses, allows Emezi to regenerate the historiography of the Ogbanje without surrendering to the vocabulary of doom, misery and despair that frames their shortly lived human existence.

The experiences of the landslide survivors from Kodagu District, India: Need for community-engaged village/ward level micro disaster management planning

IntroductionKodagu district in India had catastrophic landslides in 2018, the rarest occurrence known to people until 2018. It has become an annual affair radiated to other districts of the Western Ghats range. AimTo explore landslide survivors' experiences, conventional knowledge, and responses during the emergency relief response. MethodsIn the emergency relief response phase, a qualitative study was conducted using the purposive sampling technique of landslide survivors in the Kodagu District. Ninety-nine participants were interviewed in 10 Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The FGDs were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed. ResultsIn this study, 35 males and 64 females participated. All have endured horrifying experiences, and fear of life and social triggers have played an essential role in self-evacuation. The effective group work among the survivors was perceptible. The issues include improper communication of situational information, disruption of road and cellular connectivity, physical and mental health problems, direct and indirect losses, and other cross-cutting themes. Themes have been recognised as Experiencing the Darkness in Life; Disputed Communication; community-managed Immediate Disaster Response; Health Concerns of the Landslide Survivors; and Cross-Cutting Themes. ConclusionThe study concludes that community-driven community-managed evacuation minimised the causalities. The response from the government in the immediate disaster response phase was satisfactory; fear of life and social trigger played a vital role in the self-evacuation, subsequently reducing the casualties. With community participation, disaster planning at the village/ward level would be the way forward for the well-coordinated emergency relief response.