Conventional Installation Research Articles

Performance and Economic Analysis of Hybrid PVT Collectors in Solar DHW System

Performance of different concepts of solar hybrid PVT liquid collectors has been analyzed for domestic hot water application in a block of flats. A comparison with conventional installation of photovoltaic (PV) and photothermal (PT) solar collectors with the same total collector area 100 m2 has been done for identical load conditions. Conventional solar system has been considered with different fraction of PV collector to PT collector area for comparison with the PVT system. Economic analysis based on the performance results, energy prices and conventional PV and PT collector prices has revealed several important facts. Unglazed PVT collector cannot be competitive with conventional PV-PT collectors in given solar DHW system. Competitive price of unglazed PVT collector is negative in most of variants. Competitive price of glazed PVT collector available at the market is about less than half of its real today market price. Competitive price range has been set in advance for solar PVT collectors being under development with novel siloxane lamination: 290-410 €/m2 for nonselective type and 370-500 €/m2 for selective type.

Marginal Bone Preservation in Single‐Tooth Replacement: A 5‐Year Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study

Few long-term studies are available comparing immediate and conventional loading protocols of implant-supported single-tooth replacement. The aim of the present randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate prospectively the 5-year clinical and radiological outcome of immediate functional loading implants used in single-tooth replacement. One hundred fifty-one subjects, who required single-tooth rehabilitation in the area from position 15 to 25 and from 35 to 45, were enrolled in eight private clinics in Italy. A randomization protocol was applied to allocate the implants in three treatment groups: one control group and two test groups. In the control group, implant placement was performed according to a conventional drilling procedure, and the implants were submerged for 3 months before abutment connection and loading. Implants allocated in the test group 1 and 2 followed an immediate functional loading protocol. While in test group 1, implant placement was performed according to conventional drilling procedure, in test group 2, a modified implant installation procedure (osteotome technique) was applied. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed during the 5-year follow-up, and technical and biological complications were registered. Although four implants (three in the test group 2 and one in the test group 1) were lost in the immediate functional loading groups in the first year of follow-up, no further implant loss occurred in any of the treatment groups in the following monitoring period up to 5 years. No significant differences on marginal bone level changes were observed between the treatment groups. About 52% of all implants showed bone gain in the period from 1-year to 5-year follow-up. The percentage of all implants that in the same interval of time showed bone loss was about 28%. Although few technical complications were recorded in the period of time up to 5 years, implants showing biological complication were 5.7%. It is suggested that implants installed with a conventional installation technique together with an immediate functional loading protocol may be considered as a valid treatment alternative in a long-term perspective when used in a single-tooth replacement in an esthetic area.

Short Dental Implants in Posterior Mandible

The rehabilitation with oral implants is, without any doubt, a consecrated technique. But often we face situations of high bone atrophy where the conventional installation of dental implants is not possible. The posterior mandible, when severely resorbed, generally requires complex techniques to be rehabilitated with implants, such as the lateralization of the inferior alveolar nerve. As an option for these cases, this paper proposes the use of short implants for the rehabilitation of severely resorbed posterior mandible.

SIMULATION AND PIV EXPERIMENT OF THE DUCTED WATER CURRENT TURBINE AND EXTREMELY LOW HEAD HELICAL TURBINE

This research introduced for the Ducted Water Current Turbine Triple Helix with very low head less than 2m and water current at river or in the ocean, economical ecological use for small hydro power rating between 100 to 1000 kW still represent an unsolved problem. Unlike conventional hydro installation, water current turbine in open flow and generate power from flowing water with almost zero in environmental impact. Developments in water current turbine design are review and some potential advantages of duct or “diffuser augmented” current turbine and extremely low head turbine will be explored. For the output expected from the project is helical turbine with control flow on duct. The turbine design is based on the vertical turbine with helical blades. The basic idea of this research is optimized the helical turbine model, which is usually used in free stream (directly to the river stream line) can be apply with the situation inside the duct. And this research also tries to optimize the duct design. Therefore, get the better efficiency than the free stream flow turbine. The research aims to apply the helical turbine inside the duct to find the parameter of the power coefficient Cp against tip speed ratio λ. Parameters obtained from simulation in Fluent and through the experimental of the flow analysis by using PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry).

Next-Generation Production Control Aids Multiple Dipping Sandstone Reservoirs

This article, written by Editorial Manager Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper SPE 145854, ’Implementation of Next-Generation Intelligent Downhole Production Control in Multiple Dipping Sandstone Reservoirs, Offshore East Malaysia,’ by J.H. Chris Chen, SPE, N.M. Azrul, B.M. Farris, K.Z. NurHazrina, M.K.M. Aminuddin, and M.Y. Saiful Anuar, Petronas Carigali, and K.F. Gordon Goh, SPE, K.S. Premjit Kaur, T.K. Darren Luke, and A. Eddep, Schlumberger, prepared for the 2011 SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition, Jakarta, 20-23 September. The paper has not been peer reviewed. A next-generation intelligent-completions system was implemented successfully in a complicated, highly dipping, multilayered sandstone reservoir with commingled production. In this multizonal production solution, the conventional surface-controllable downhole zonal flow-control valves are now integrated with data-surveillance gauges, intelligent sensors, and isolation packers into one completion joint, compared with the previous multijoints system (i.e., splicing of up to three joints per zone required conventionally). This single modulated joint system has reduced installation time substantially compared with conventional intelligent-completions installations. The risk of surface completions makeup damage before running in hole is also greatly reduced with fewer connecting components. Introduction The S field offshore East Malaysia consists of multiple dipping heterogeneous sandstone reservoirs with unconsolidated formation (Fig. 1). These multi-stacked reservoirs have an overall 40-m-thick oil column with margin-al oil initially in place (OIIP). A large gas cap (i.e., twice the OIIP equivalent) also exists. Because horizontal wells are recognized as one of the more productive development options in exposing wellbore to maximum reservoir con-tact and drainage area for recovery economics, the decision was made to drill 14 horizontal wells for the first batch of field development. This development option has reduced the number of well counts significantly while maximizing reservoir-drainage points, thus making the project economics for developing this marginal field greatly improved. Two of the 14 horizontal producer wells in this marginal field have been screened to apply the modular integrated-intelligent-completions system (IICS) to actively control and permanently monitor zonal inflow for optimal production. Developing a Thin-Oil-Rim Field Intelligently The downhole active-flow-control-solution application in the horizontal well was one of the selected strategies to complete wells in these complicated geology structures while enabling zonal-contribution adjustment and future zonal selectivity. This is an intelligent alternative zonal management option compared with the other passive version of the inflow-control-device applications in the same field. Out of the eight commingling producers analyzed, two oil producers (i.e., Well-A1 and Well-A2) were selected as potential candidates for the intelligent-completions design. The significant zonal-reservoir-deliverability contrasts for Well-A1 and Well-A2 proved suitable for an initial zonal-influx balancing and later reactive inflow solution.

Korean Standard Nuclear Plant Ex-Vessel Neutron Dosimetry Program Ulchin 4

Abstract A comprehensive ex-vessel neutron dosimetry (EVND) surveillance program has been deployed in 16 pressurized water reactors (PWR) in South Korea and EVND dosimetry sets have already been installed and analyzed in Westinghouse reactor designs. In this paper, the unique features of the design, training, and installation in the Korean standard nuclear plant (KSNP) Ulchin Unit 4 are presented. Ulchin Unit 4 Cycle 9 represents the first dosimetry analyzed from the EVND design deployed in KSNP plants: Yonggwang Units 3 through 6 and Ulchin Units 3 through 6. KSNP’s cavity configuration precludes a conventional installation from the cavity floor. The solution, requiring the installation crew to access the cavity at an elevation of the active core, places a premium on rapid installation due to high area dose rates. Numerous geometrical features warranted the use of a detailed design in true 3D mechanical design software to control interferences. A full-size training mockup maximized the crew ability to correctly install the instrument in minimum time. The analysis of the first dosimetry set shows good agreements between measurement and calculation within the associated uncertainties. A complete EVND system has been successfully designed, installed, and analyzed for a KNSP plant. Current and future EVND analyses will continue supporting the successful operation of PWR units in South Korea.

Numerical Simulation and Experiment for Driving Interference-Fit Fastener Process with Stress Wave Method

Interference-fit fasteners are commonly used in aircraft structures and the quality of their installation is critical to the service life of the structures. Conventional installation methods of driving fasteners usually use pneumatic or hydraulic tooling as a driving force, which can cause significant installation damage when a large driving force is required. This paper presents numerical simulation and experimental approaches for investigating the process of driving interference-fit fasteners with a stress wave installation method. The performance and advantages of the stress wave installation method are explored using the finite element method. In particular, the loading characteristics and driving process of the new method are investigated and compared with conventional installation methods. The results indicate that the stress wave method can effectively drive fasteners with higher interference values and cause much less damage than conventional installation methods. Fatigue testing for fasteners installed by both conventional methods and the stress wave method is carried out to verify the results from numerical simulation. The stress wave driving method can also increase the fatigue strength of the joint. This patent review highlights the developments of stress wave installation methods and their numerical simulation algorithms as well as fatigue testing approaches.

Trenchless Case History—University of Denver’s Use of High-Performance Restrained-Joint Water Distribution Pipe

Abstract The benefits of trenchless technology are well understood by all in our industry—more cost-effective and less disruptive to streets, driveways, and landscaping. However, what is often less clear to many engineers and city officials faced with a wide selection of materials and processes is just what type of pipe is best suited for a particular trenchless application. This paper will present the engineering considerations involved in selecting thermoplastic water distribution pipe for directional drilling projects, focusing on assembly considerations, structural and flow performance, pressure-handling capacity, joint integrity, and compatibility with existing systems. These concepts are illustrated by the experiences at the University of Denver, where trenchless technology was successfully utilized on an irrigation system in an area where conventional pipe installation techniques were determined to be unsatisfactory.

New installation scheme for viscoelastic dampers using cables

Passive energy dissipation devices, such as, viscous, viscoelastic, and friction devices are generally installed in buildings using diagonal or chevron braces. To increase the effective damping force and to reduce the damper volume, various magnifying system of the damper displacement, such as, toggle brace system and scissor-jack-damper configuration have been developed with increase in installation cost. In this study, new installation scheme for passive dampers was proposed using cables installed in such a way that relative displacement equal to storey displacement occurs between the cable and the structure when the structure is subjected to lateral load. The cables can be installed continuously or discretely between base and top storey of the structure. To verify the validity of the proposed method nonlinear dynamic analysis of model structures with viscoelastic dampers installed using the proposed configuration scheme was carried out using three earthquake records and two sinusoidal forces. According to the analysis, the proposed method resulted in significant reduction in the size of dampers compared with the conventional installation methods.

Network externality perspective of feed-in-tariffs (FIT) instruments—Some observations and suggestions

Existing energy policy frameworks revolving around the acceleration of deployment 1 1 Again, we are only concerned with deployment rather than innovation or invention aspects of renewable energy ( Grubb et al. 2008a). of renewable energy technology can be broadly classified as the quantity vs. price approach. With this brief viewpoint, this paper suggests another perspective of viewing these instruments in terms of a more fundamental basis: whether the deployment in capacity is in terms of a cost minimization approach or a network externality approach. We suggest that the generic price or feed in tariff (FIT) approach in subsidizing renewable electricity generation and associated income would create a bandwagon or self-propagation effect among users rendering the renewable energy technology spreads like a software or information technology. Our objective is to raise awareness of this technology dynamics oriented perspective in renewable deployment supplementing the conventional installation subsidies perspective. We hope that it would inspire more empirical works and studies relating to the policy implications of this viewpoint.

Immediate functional loading of implants in single tooth replacement: a prospective clinical multicenter study

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the outcome of immediate functional loading of implants in single-tooth replacement using two different installation procedures. One hundred and fifty-one subjects, who required single-tooth rehabilitation in the area of 15-25 and 35-45, were enrolled in eight private clinics in Italy. The implant sites were randomly allocated to one of the following treatment groups. In the control group, in which a standard preparation procedure for implant placement and submerged healing of the implant was used, abutment connection and loading of the implants were performed 3 months after installation. In the test group 1, a standard preparation procedure for the implant placement and immediate functional loading of implant was carried out. In the test 2 group, however, a modified implant installation procedure (osteotome technique) was used followed by immediate functional loading of the implant. Clinical and radiographic examinations were performed at 3 and 12 months of follow-up at all sites. Three implants (5.5%) from the test 2 group (osteotome preparation) and one (2%) from the test 1 group (conventional drill preparation) failed to integrate and were removed one and three months after implant installation. The mean marginal bone loss assessed at 12 months was 0.31 mm (test 1), 0.25 mm (test 2) and 0.38 mm (control) (no statistically significant differences were found between the three treatment groups.) It is suggested that immediate functional loading of implants that are placed with a conventional installation technique and with sufficient primary stability may be considered as a valid treatment alternative in a single-tooth replacement.

European survey of dental X-ray equipment

The implementation of an X-ray Quality Assurance (QA) program is a legal requirement in Europe as stipulated in the EU Council Directive 97/43/EURATOM (MED). A review of the literature has identified that European countries are performing some level of QA testing of their dental X-ray equipment, although the type and level to which testing is performed can differ. The European SENTINEL co-ordination action proposed to collate a survey of equipment data for both conventional and digital dental X-ray installations among the SENTINEL partners. The European QA results confirm that systems can be operated below tolerance, and in some cases significantly so, while still in clinical use. This can occur despite servicing of equipment. The results have emphasised the fact that there is a requirement for the medical physics/engineering professions to become more closely involved in the management of dental radiology equipment. This also includes their involvement in the development and delivery of appropriate training courses for dentists and suppliers of dental radiology equipment.

A Study on Driving Interference-Fit Fastener Using Stress Wave

Interference-fit fasteners are used in large numbers throughout aircraft structures. Conventional installation methods are driving fasteners into aperture using pneumatic or hydraulic tooling, installation damage always occurs using these methods. This paper introduces a new method of driving interference-fit fastener using stress wave, reports on a comparison of driving quality between stress wave driving and hydraulic force driving. The experiments completed by authors indicate that stress-wave method can drive the fasteners with larger interference which conventional installation method can not implement; stress wave driving method provides high installation quality and repeatable results compared with the conventional driving method; and stress wave driving method is convenient to be used. The experiments prove that the protuberant material produced by stress wave method is less than that of conventional installation methods, this is advantaged to improve the fatigue strength of joint.

Combustion of rapeseed oil and diesel oil mixtures for use in the production of heat energy

The energy policy of both Europe and Spain considers biomass to be the renewable energy source with the greatest possibilities of growth, from both the point of view of forestry and energy crops. One alternative to energy crops is the use of rapeseed oil as the fuel in thermic processes. This paper studies the use of rapeseed oil and diesel oil mixtures as the fuel for producing heat in a conventional diesel installation. The paper is set out as follows: a) Characterization of the properties of rapeseed oil as fuel and of diesel oil, as well as the mixtures of both. b) Selection of the mixtures according to their physical–chemical properties and to how they adapt to a conventional installation consisting of a mechanical pulverization burner. c) Experimentation with the selected mixtures in a conventional combustion installation, allowing the main combustion parameters to be measured. d) A study is carried out of the yield of the combustion. The conclusions show that the use of rapeseed and diesel mixtures for producing heat energy in conventional equipment is feasible.

High-Pulse Series Converters for HVDC Systems

In this work a novel concept has been developed whereby series-connected converters with any desired number of pulses can be obtained without complicated circuitry. A complete theoretical treatment and experimental verification are carried out in this paper to fully validate the concept. This generalization is achieved by adding an extra circuitry to a conventional converter connection. Pure natural commutation is used and the concept is equally valid for rectification and inversion. Also, the application of the concept on HVdc systems, to reduce harmonics that are normally injected into the ac and dc networks, is analyzed. Therefore, the elimination of harmonic filters and their inherent complexities in conventional installations may be possible.

High-pulse series converters for HVDC systems

In this work a novel concept has been developed, whereby series-connected converters with any desired number of pulses can be obtained without complicated circuitry. A complete theoretical treatment and experimental verification are carried out in this paper to fully validate the concept. This generalization is achieved by adding an extra circuitry to a conventional converter connection. Besides, pure natural commutation is used and the concept is equally valid for rectification and inversion. Also, the application of the concept on HVDC systems, to reduce harmonics that are normally injected into the AC and DC networks, is analyzed. Therefore, the elimination of harmonic filters and their inherent complexities in conventional installations may be possible.

Laboratory baffled-column flotation of mixed Campbell Eagle seam bituminous coal

This study investigated the use of a 7.6-cm inside diameter, 344.2-cm-tall horizontally baffled column to reduce the ash content of a low-sulfur bituminous coal. Tests were carried out to determine how the baffled column responded to changes in feed rate, reagent dosage and feed quality. The tests were also carried out to compare the columns performance to a conventional column installation in an operating plant. In this paper, the results of this investigation arc reviewed and discussed.

New comminution applications using hydrocone crushers with setting regulation in real time

The setting (distance between mantle and concave ring) of the Hydrocone cone crusher is altered, even with the crusher operating at full load, by lifting or lowering the mantle by means of a hydraulic piston (Hydroset). Modern developments in the field of electronics and microcomputers have made it possible to design a small, reliable and very sophisticated system for automatic regulation of the setting of a Hydrocone crusher. The system monitors energy consumption, crushing force and setting and continuously adapts the crusher to even small variations in the feed and/or operating conditions. This technology has expanded the range of applications that can be successfully solved with cone crushers. In the paper we will give a general description of modern cone crusher technology and also give some examples of new possible applications. Fine crushing in closed circuit with a screen can, thanks to automation and carefully designed crushing chambers, compete with rod mills. Products smaller than 3 mm are common. Another example is the crushing of a gold ore to −10 mm, in open circuit, with a Hydrocone crusher. The automation system ensures that the crusher runs at the smallest possible setting and thus ensures that the correct discharge is produced. In some applications it is interesting to operate cone crushers in a wet process. About 20 years ago, Allis Mineral Systems installed the first Hydrocones with water injected together with the feed. These crushers are still in operation and we will present our experiences. Small flexible cone crushers with computer control can be used to create more cost efficient ore crushing plants than the conventional installations with few large machines. The “crushing cassette” idea is presented.

A Heuristic for a Resource-capacitated Multi-stage Lot-sizing Problem with Lead Times

In this paper we propose a heuristic for the resource-capacitated multi-stage lot-sizing problem with general product structures, set-up costs and resource usage, work-in-process inventory costs and lead times. To facilitate the functioning of the heuristic, we use the formulation of the problem based on Echelon Stock in a rolling horizon scheme. The heuristic first obtains a reasonable solution to the corresponding uncapacitated problem and then tries to attain capacity feasibility by shifting production backwards in time. The concept of echelon stock makes the task of checking the inventory feasibility of proposed shifts easier than would be the case with conventional installation stock. The heuristic is first tested computationally for problems with a five-component product structure over a 12 period planning horizon for which optimal solutions were available and for which optimality precision guarantees were also obtained via Lagrangian Relaxation. The heuristic's performance is also explored with two different 40-component product structures, with high and low set-up costs, and is compared with the Lagrangian precision guarantees.

An operational survey of a natural lagoon treatment plant combining macrophytes and microphytes basins

The sewage treatment plant studied, located in a rural area, is designed to treat the wastewater for a population of 650. The station functions in accordance with the principle of natural lagoons via artificial wetlands combining macrophytes and microphytes lagoons arranged in series. The overall surface area including the primary lagoon gives rise to a specific load of 6 m2/inhabitant. Both the primary and secondary treatments produce a very good water quality in accordance with the conventional parameters (SS, Suspended Solids; BOD5, the Biological Oxygen Demand over a 5 day period; COD, the Chemical Oxygen Demand). The tertiary purification of the nitrogen and phosphorus does not give as good results as expected, respectively 42% and 35% removal; very little better than those of a conventional installation. The tertiary quality standard appears not to be attainable since the successive biological mechanisms carrying out the elimination process are followed by a release of the pollutants and an insufficient elimination (plant exportation) by the macrophytes. The design and management of the macrophytes basins is relatively tricky, particularly with respect to the removal of weeds and the regulation of the water level in the macrophytes basins.