Conventional Health Care System Research Articles

Demonstration of In-Memory Biosignal Analysis: Novel High-Density and Low-Power 3D Flash Memory Array for Arrhythmia Detection.

Smart healthcare systems integrated with advanced deep neural networks enable real-time health monitoring, early disease detection, and personalized treatment. In this work, a novel 3D AND-type flash memory array with a rounded double channel for computing-in-memory (CIM) architecture to overcome the limitations of conventional smart healthcare systems: the necessity of high area and energy efficiency while maintaining high classification accuracy is proposed. The fabricated array, characterized by low-power operations and high scalability with double independent channels per floor, exhibits enhanced cell density and energy efficiency while effectively emulating the features of biological synapses. The CIM architecture leveraging the fabricated array achieves high classification accuracy (93.5%) for electrocardiogram signals, ensuring timely detection of potentially life-threatening arrhythmias. Incorporated with a simplified spike-timing-dependent plasticity learning rule, the CIM architecture is suitable for robust, area- and energy-efficient in-memory arrhythmia detection systems. This work effectively addresses the challenges of conventional smart healthcare systems, paving the way for a more refined healthcare paradigm.

EXPLORING AYURVEDIC APPROACHES TO LOW BACK PAIN: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Introduction:Low back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal disorder affecting individuals worldwide, causing significant disability and healthcare burden. While conventional treatments focus on symptomatic relief, Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine, offers a holistic approach that addresses the root cause of LBP. This comprehensive review aims to explore Ayurvedic perspectives, diagnostic methods, therapeutic interventions, and herbal formulations for managing LBP. Ayurvedic Perspective:Ayurveda views LBP as a manifestation of imbalances in the Tridosha (Vata, Pitta, and Kapha) and the Saptadhatus (seven body tissues). Vata dosha vitiation is predominantly implicated in LBP, leading to symptoms such as stiffness, spasms, and radiating pain. Pitta and Kapha imbalances may exacerbate inflammation and structural degeneration, respectively. Ayurvedic diagnosis of LBP involves assessing the individuals Prakriti (constitutional type), Vikriti (current imbalance), Agni (digestive fire), and Srotas (channels of circulation). Diagnostic Methods:Ayurvedic physicians employ a combination of clinical examination, palpation, and pulse diagnosis (Nadi Pariksha) to assess the underlying doshic imbalances and identify the specific etiology of LBP. Various factors such as lifestyle habits, occupation, dietary patterns, and psychological stressors are taken into account during the assessment. Therapeutic Interventions:Ayurvedic management of LBP is multifaceted, aiming to alleviate pain, reduce inflammation, restore musculoskeletal integrity, and prevent recurrence. Therapeutic interventions include: Panchakarma: Detoxification therapies such as Basti (medicated enema), Abhyanga (oil massage), and Swedana (herbal steam therapy) are utilized to eliminate ama (toxins) and pacify aggravated doshas. Ayurvedic Medications: Herbal formulations containing anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and muscle-relaxant herbs like Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), Guggulu (Commiphora wightii), and Shallaki (Boswellia serrata) are prescribed to manage pain and inflammation. Yoga and Pranayama: Specific yoga asanas (postures) and pranayama (breathing exercises) are recommended to improve flexibility, strengthen the back muscles, and enhance prana (vital energy) flow to the affected area. Dietary Modifications: Dietary recommendations include consuming warm, light, and easily digestible foods, emphasizing anti-inflammatory spices like turmeric, ginger, and cinnamon, and avoiding cold, heavy, and processed foods that may aggravate Vata dosha. Lifestyle Management: Adopting a balanced daily routine (Dinacharya), practicing stress-reduction techniques such as meditation and mindfulness, and maintaining proper posture and ergonomics are crucial for long-term management of LBP. Clinical Evidence:Several clinical studies have investigated the efficacy of Ayurvedic interventions in LBP management. A randomized controlled trial comparing Ayurvedic treatment with conventional therapy demonstrated significant improvements in pain relief, functional disability, and quality of life among participants receiving Ayurvedic intervention. Furthermore, observational studies have reported favorable outcomes with Panchakarma therapies and herbal formulations in reducing pain intensity and enhancing mobility in patients with chronic LBP. Safety and Considerations:While Ayurvedic interventions are generally considered safe when administered under the guidance of a qualified practitioner, certain precautions should be observed. Individualized treatment plans based on the patients constitution, doshic imbalance, and overall health status are essential to optimize therapeutic outcomes and minimize potential adverse effects. Additionally, close monitoring and periodic reassessment are necessary to track progress and adjust treatment as needed. Conclusion:Ayurveda offers a holistic and individualized approach to managing low back pain, addressing not only the symptoms but also the underlying imbalances contributing to the condition. By incorporating Panchakarma therapies, herbal formulations, dietary modifications, and lifestyle interventions, Ayurvedic treatment aims to restore harmony within the body, promote self-healing, and prevent recurrence of LBP. Further research and collaboration between Ayurvedic and conventional healthcare systems are warranted to validate the efficacy and safety of Ayurvedic interventions and enhance their integration into mainstream healthcare for comprehensive LBP management.

Analysis of System of Treatment Opted for Diabetes and Hypertension During Covid-19

Background: India has two healthcare components, 1stas public which focus on basic healthcare facilities in the form of Ayushman Bharat-Primary Healthcare Centres (AB-PHCs) and Ayushman Bharat-Health Sub-Centres (AB-HSCs) in rural areas and comprises limited secondary and tertiary care institutions in key cities whereas 2nd as private sector which provides majority of secondary, tertiary, and quaternary care institutions with major concentration in metros, tier-I and tier-II cities. Indian Healthcare Sector has continued to grow at a significant rate through effective budgetary allocations and promoting collaborations. Centre and State governments spend 30% and 70% of total government spending on health care, respectively. As about 35 million diabetic and hypertension patients of aged ≥65 years are susceptible to mortality due to COVID-19, due to effect on heart, liver, kidneys and lungs, this needs more concentration and proper management of these patients. There is requirement to build an intelligent healthcare system to span the public vs private and conventional vs non-conventional healthcare system, aligned with international principles and standards for health metrics. The global prevalence of these NCDs is higher in urban than rural areas and higher in high-income than low-income countries. One in two people living with these NCDs do not know that they have these diseases. Economy of the individual and country have affected negatively by diabetes and hypertension patients. 80% of the burden of these diseases of a country can be reduced by appropriate medicines. Due to no or less side-effects, many modern medical practitioners are practicing the non-conventional system of treatment which is 80% in rural areas. Objective: To study the system of treatment opted by the diabetic and hypertension patients during COVID-19. Material and Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study is conducted at various institutional levels and by visiting randomly in different selected areas with help of well -developed questionnaire. The research work is conducted by collecting the data of diabetic and hypertension patients with their system of treatment opted during COVID-19 in the years 2020, 2021, 2022 and 2023. Sample size is between 900 to 1000 participants and total investigations done, are between 5300 to 5500. The investigations are done with the help of glucometer and sphygmomanometer. Results: Total persons investigated are 5498, normal persons are 82.78% whereas diseased persons are 17.22% out of these diseased persons HTN are 10.53%, DM are 3.87% and HTN with DM are 2.82%. From 947 DM, HTN and HTN with DM patients, modern allopathic medicines or conventional system users are, DM=152 (16.05%) HTN = 316 (33.37%), DM with HTN = 103 (10.88%). Traditional medicines or non- conventional system users are DM=26 (2.75%), HTN= 106 (11.19%), DM with HTN = 24 (2.53%). Both healthcare system user are, DM=35 (3.69%), HTN=157 (16.58%), DM with HTN =28 (2.96%). Total patients of DM, HTN and HTN with DM which used modern allopathic medicines or conventional healthcare system are 571 (60.30%), traditional medicines or non-conventional healthcare system are 156 (16.47%) and which have used both conventional as well as non-conventional system are 220 (23.23%). Conclusions: More patients of DM, HTN and HTN with DM have adopted modern allopathic medicines/ conventional system for treatment as compare to traditional/ non-conventional system whereas many of these patients have adopted both systems of treatment conventional as well non-conventional.

Exploring the Digital Healthcare Product’s Logistics and Mental Healthcare in the Metaverse: Role of Technology Anxiety and Metaverse Bandwidth Fluctuations

This study is undertaken to investigate the effect of digital healthcare products’ logistics on mental healthcare in the metaverse along with taking into account the role of technology anxiety and metaverse bandwidth fluctuations. Due to the pressure brought on by serious diseases, growing healthcare costs, a rapidly ageing global population, insufficient labour elevated healthcare services, and scarce resources, it does not appear that the health system will be viable in the future. There is a need to be able to deliver health care from hospitals to our houses using cutting-edge technology rather than providing traditional health services using cutting-edge technology. The quantitative survey-based methodology has been used which indicates the targeted population as the staff in the healthcare sector. For this purpose, questionnaires were distributed among the targeted population and their response to 330 questionnaires out of 350 was evaluated using SPSS and AMOS. The results indicated a strong and significant relationship between digital healthcare products logistics and mental healthcare in the metaverse along with the significant moderation for both technology anxiety and metaverse bandwidth fluctuation. The management in various healthcare sectors is using digitalized approaches for carrying out the logistics. This has helped in reducing inefficiencies as well as improving accessibility. Senior managers in various healthcare sectors can keep track of the operations that are being carried out in the organization by using effective digital technologies. Such practices have revolutionized the healthcare system drastically. Other essential stakeholders, such as the patients, are also found to enjoy the benefits of the digital healthcare system as they have easy access to healthcare professionals as well as the required treatment and medicines contrary to the conventional healthcare system. For future studies, intrinsic factors such as motivation, as well as self-efficacy, could be taken as the mediating variables in the context of the current study for obtaining efficient results.

The potential of Ethiopian medicinal plants to treat emergent viral diseases.

Ethiopians have deep-rooted traditions of using plants to treat ailments affecting humans and domesticated animals. Approximately 80% of the population continues to rely on traditional medicine, including for the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. Many antiviral plants are available to and widely used by communities in areas where access to conventional healthcare systems is limited. In some cases, pharmacological studies also confirm the potent antiviral properties of Ethiopian plants. Building on traditional knowledge of medicinal plants and testing their antiviral properties may help to expand options to address the global pandemic of COVID-19 including its recently isolated virulent variants and prepare for similar outbreaks in the future. Here, we provide an ethnobotanical and pharmacological inventory of Ethiopian medicinal plants that might contribute to the prevention and treatment of viral diseases. We identified 387 species, about 6% of Ethiopia's known flora, for which records of use by local communities and traditional herbalists have been documented for the treatment of viral diseases. We provide a framework for further investigation and development of this vital resource much anticipated to help combat emergent viral diseases along with existing ones in Ethiopia and elsewhere.

Could Artificial Intelligence be a Therapeutic for Mental Issues?

The utilization of artificial intelligence (AI) possesses the capacity to fundamentally transform the landscape of mental health care through the provision of very valuable therapeutic interventions. AI possesses the capacity to evaluate extensive quantities of data, enabling it to aid in the identification of early signs of mental health concerns and provide tailored solutions that cater to specific requirements. The utilization of virtual therapists powered by AI has the potential to provide a secure environment for persons experiencing social anxiety or worries associated with stigma. This form of therapy offers continuous support and diminishes the obstacles that hinder individuals from seeking assistance. In addition, AI algorithms possess the capability to effectively identify and analyze patterns and trends derived from many sources, including social media posts and smartphone usage. This enables the assessment of an individual’s mental health and facilitates the provision of timely solutions. Through the utilization of natural language processing and sentiment analysis, AI has the potential to augment current therapeutic practices by proficiently monitoring patient advancements and analyzing therapeutic dialogues. Therefore, the incorporation of AI into the realm of mental health intervention holds promise in enhancing accessibility, cost, and efficacy, while mitigating the strain on conventional healthcare systems.

A Secure Ensemble Learning-Based Fog-Cloud Approach for Cyberattack Detection in IoMT

The Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) effectively tackles several shortcomings of conventional healthcare systems. It includes medical personnel shortages, patient care quality, insufficient medical supplies, and healthcare expenditures. There are several advantages of using IoMT technology for enhanced treatment efficiency and quality, thus improving patient health. However, the frequency and magnitude of cyberattacks on IoMT are increasing at a breakneck pace. Therefore, this article proposes a cyberattack detection method for IoMT-based networks using ensemble learning and fog-cloud architecture to address security issues. The ensemble technique employs a set of LSTM networks as individual learners at the first level and stacks a decision tree on top of them to classify attack and normal events. In addition, we present a framework for deploying the proposed IoMT-based approach as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) in the cloud and Software as a Service (SaaS) in the fog. The proposed method is evaluated on the ToN-IoT dataset, and the outcomes reveal that it surpasses the baseline approaches in terms of precision by 4%.

The Role of Agricultural Systems in Teaching Kitchens: An Integrative Review and Thoughts for the Future.

Diet-related chronic disease is a public health epidemic in the United States. Concurrently, conventional agricultural and food production methods deplete the nutritional content of many foods, sever connections between people and the origin of their food, and play a significant role in climate change. Paradoxically, despite an abundance of available food in the US, many households are unable to afford or attain a healthful diet. The linkages between agriculture, health, and nutrition are undeniable, yet conventional agriculture and healthcare systems tend to operate in silos, compounding these pressing challenges. Operating teaching kitchens in collaboration with local agriculture, including farms, community gardens, vertical farms, and urban agriculture, has the potential to catalyze a movement that emphasizes the role of the food system in promoting human and planetary health, building resilient communities, and encouraging cross-disciplinary collaboration. This paper reviews the current state of agricultural systems, food is medicine, consumer behavior, and the roles within these sectors. This is followed by a series of case studies that fill the gaps between TKs and agriculture. The authors summarize opportunities to combine the knowledge and resources of teaching kitchens and agriculture programs, as well as challenges that may arise along the way.

A comprehensive survey on blockchain-based healthcare industry: applications and challenges

Blockchain has attracted a lot of interest since its publication because to its unique characteristics of immutability, decentralization, smart contract, and consensus mechanism. Today’s healthcare systems are facing many issues in the era of digital health transformation and the growth of electronic health records. Blockchain has the potential to provide solutions to a variety of electronic health record (EHR)-related challenges, including data management, security, data sharing and patient privacy. This paper represents a blockchain-based healthcare industry survey; it includes many research publications in high-ranking scientific journals in recent years from 2016 to 2022. We adopt the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) approach and aspects. This work is based on five databases: Elsevier, Springer, IEEE Xplore, PubMed and MDPI. The number of studies included in this study was 56. We found that researchers attempted to use blockchain technology to assist patients and healthcare providers in diagnosis and data processing, as well as including multiple entities. Our study discusses the potential of blockchain technology, its roles and benefits in healthcare, aiming to solve several problems such as data management, data sharing, access control, data security and privacy, which are missed in the conventional healthcare system.

Deep Forest Based Internet of Medical Things System for Diagnosis of Heart Disease

Due to advancement in internet of medical things, the conventional health-care systems are transformed into smart health-care systems. The medical emergence services can be significantly enhanced by integration of IoMT and data analytic techniques. These technologies also examine the unexplored area of medical services that are still unseen and provide opportunity for investigation. Moreover, the concept of smart cities is not achievable without providing a smart connected healthcare scheme. Hence, the main purpose of this research is to come up with a smart healthcare system based on IoMT, Cloud and Fog computing and intelligent data analytic technique. The major objective of the proposed healthcare system is to develop a diagnostic model capable for earlier treatment of heart disease. The suggested scheme consists of distinct phases such as data acquisition, feature extraction, FogBus based edge/fog computing environment, classification, and evaluation. In data acquisition, different IoMT such as wearables and sensors devices are considered to acquire the data related to heart disease and the various features related to signal and data are extracted. Further, the deep forest technique is integrated into the proposed system for classification task and effective diagnosis capabilities of heart issues. The performance of the suggested scheme is evaluated through set of well-defined parameters. Comparison with other healthcare model was conducted for the purpose of performance evaluation. It is concluded that the proposed model has a superiority over other all other models in different aspects namely, the sensitivity measure, accuracy measure, and specificity.

Reasons for Engaging in Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Highly Educated Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Previous research has shown that users of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) among persons with multiple sclerosis are more likely to be women and to have a higher level of education compared with nonusers. This qualitative study was performed to explore the motivations linked to CAM use among highly educated women with multiple sclerosis. The study was based on a phenomenological approach, and 8 semistructured, in-depth qualitative interviews were performed. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed through meaning condensation and identification of recurring themes. Regarding the informants' motivations for CAM use, 3 main themes emerged: (1) Self-reliance is essential in disease management, (2) conventional health care lacks a holistic approach, and (3) personal experience is the primary guide. The interviewees wanted approaches to health care that supported their desire to actively participate in the management of their disease. They were critical of the conventional health care system, and they emphasized the importance of letting their own personal experiences, as well as those of others, guide their decisions.

I-Sheet: A Low-Cost Bedsheet Sensor for Remote Diagnosis of Isolated Individuals.

In this article, we propose a smart bedsheet-i-Sheet-for remotely monitoring the health of COVID-19 patients. Typically, real-time health monitoring is very crucial for COVID-19 patients to prevent their health from deteriorating. Conventional healthcare monitoring systems are manual and require patient input to start monitoring health. However, it is difficult for the patients to give input in critical conditions as well as at night. For instance, if the oxygen saturation level decreases during sleep, then it is difficult to monitor. Furthermore, there is a need for a system that monitors post-COVID effects as various vitals get affected, and there are chances of their failure even after the recovery. i-Sheet exploits these features and provides the health monitoring of COVID-19 patients based on their pressure on the bedsheet. It works in three phases: 1) sensing the pressure exerted by the patient on the bedsheet; 2) categorizing the data into groups (comfortable and uncomfortable) based on the fluctuations in the data; and 3) alerting the caregiver about the condition of the patient. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of i-Sheet in monitoring the health of the patient. i-Sheet effectively categorizes the condition of the patient with an accuracy of 99.3% and utilizes 17.5 W of the power. Furthermore, the delay involved in monitoring the health of patients using i-Sheet is 2 s which is very diminutive and is acceptable.

Proposal of a Context-sensitive ECG Collection Mobile Health System for Ambulatory Cardiovascular Diseases.

This study brings innovation oriented to the development of e-health services to improve the performance of healthcare and hospital care in free-living activities. This article seeks to propose an innovative mobile software that enables the contextualization of clinical data, while integrating the fundamental functionalities and usability criteria of a mobile health (mhealth) system. We examine the utility of a context-sensitive mobile electrocardiogram (ECG) collection system for the detection of cardiovascular diseases for patients in free-living conditions. We propose an mhealth system that reinforces conventional healthcare systems in which electronic health records are limited by access and processing of data, limiting clinical-medical decision-making. This study highlights the importance of mobile applications for self-care and their usefulness for both patients and healthcare providers. The proposal offers an avenue for the study of contextualized ECG collection methods that can be used to create context-specific actions that reduce false alarms in computer-aided diagnosis of ambulatory ECG. Mobile applications for health care and monitoring improve the quality of life of people with cardiovascular diseases.

Recent updates on triboelectric nanogenerator based advanced biomedical technologies: A short review

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are meeting significant advancements in biomedical sectors by replacing conventional healthcare systems. TENGs have a significant productive impact on the future commercialization of self-powered medical devices. Architecting biocompatible TENGs for in vivo and in vitro applications without compromising their overall performance is one amongst the significant challenge in impregnating TENG science into biomedical technologies. This review article is committed to presenting the most recent advancements of TENG materials in therapeutics and healthcare monitoring, tissue repairing, cell proliferation and regenerative medicine, implantable devices, drug delivery, and microbial disinfection. A special emphasis on cutting-edge TENG applications in neural prosthesis and muscle stimulation which are inevitable assets to the near future medical ailment is discussed in detail. Besides, a thrust on the importance of impregnating biomaterials in TENG-based healthcare system is specified. Eventually, the difficulties and challenges in the current methods are examined, along with discussions on workable ideas for future improvements in the conclusive remarks.

Design Implications to Support Integrative Medicine in Pregnancy Care

The use of integrative medicine (IM) practices during pregnancy are on the rise in the United States and a growing number of individuals seek pregnancy support outside of the conventional medical system every year. There is a variety of integrative medicine providers (IMPs) who work outside the clinical system to fill the gaps in pregnancy support by providing a set of services such as midwifery, doula care, childbirth education, and lactation support. Evidence suggests integrative medicine providers positively impact pregnancy experiences, yet IMPs are often marginalized and excluded from the conventional pregnancy healthcare system. We present results from an ongoing investigation that seeks to understand the roles IMPs play in pregnancy healthcare journeys, and the pregnancy ecology. We interviewed 12 integrative medicine providers to understand their needs and challenges concerning technology, business models, and communication practices. Our findings reflect on a broad range of topics including the intersection of personal and professional journeys, legitimacy within the healthcare system, and the provision of personalized care. We discuss the potential for technology to support IMPs and present implications for the design of future pregnancy support technologies. Improving collaborative care and communication technologies for the IM community has the potential to improve professional experiences and the quality of care provided by IMPs. WARNING: This paper includes detailed personal narratives of individuals' pregnancy healthcare journey including information about, pregnancy, labor, delivery, birth stories, and pregnancy loss.

Subacute Toxicity Effects of the Aqueous Shoot Extract of Yushania alpina (K. Schum.) W.C.Lin in Sprague Dawley Rats: An Appraisal of Its Safety in Ethnomedicinal Usage.

Plant-based medicines have effectively managed several ailments in humans and animals since prehistoric times. However, the pharmacologic efficacy and safety of many plants currently used in traditional medicine have not been explored empirically, which raises serious public health concerns, derailing further research and their integration into the conventional healthcare system. Despite the longstanding ethnomedicinal usage of Yushania alpina shoot extract to treat inflammation, microbial infections, and diarrhoea, among other diseases, there is insufficient scientific data to appraise its toxicity profile and safety. Accordingly, we investigated the subacute toxicity of the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina in Sprague Dawley rats (both sexes) for 28 days based on the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development guideline 407. In this study, all the experimental rats treated orally with 40 mg/Kg BW, 200 mg/Kg BW, and 1000 mg/Kg BW of the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina remained normal, like the control group rats, and did not show any clinical signs of subacute toxicity, and no morbidity or mortality was recorded. Besides, the weekly body weight gains and the haematological and biochemical parameters of experimental rats orally administered with the studied plant extract at the tested doses and in the control group were comparable (P > 0.05). No pathologic alterations in internal organs were observed following necroscopy. Further, the differences in weights of the liver, kidney, and spleen of experimental rats which were subacutely treated with the studied plant extract and the control rats were insignificant (P > 0.05). Moreover, no histopathological changes were observed in tissue sections of the liver, kidney, and spleen obtained from all the experimental rats. Our findings demonstrate that the aqueous shoot extract of Y. alpina may be safe as it does not elicit subacute toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Further toxicological and pharmacological studies using other model animals and in clinical setups are encouraged to fully appraise the efficacy and safety of the studied plant extract.

Narratives of Herbal Medicine Utilisation in the United Kingdom: Scoping Literature Review.

Using thematic analysis of existing literature, this scoping review aims to explore the narratives of people using herbal medicine (HM) in the United Kingdom. Understanding who is using HM and why will enable better ways of facilitating the use of HM, as well as assist in designing future research. Ethnic groups were found to be primary users of HM in the United Kingdom. A sense of heritage continues to be important for these participants as it allows tradition and culture to stay alive within communities, as well as the ritualistic purposes of these plants. For women, another key demographic, concepts surrounding the naturalness of HMs are associated with the idea of femineity and self-healing. A reoccurring theme in the literature focusing on both ethnic groups and women’s perceptions is the judgement from healthcare practitioners/professionals (HCPs) when addressing the use of HM. However, studies that investigated the perceptions of HCPs on HM confirmed that they often were supportive of using HM where standard treatments had been unsuccessful, and if a patient had anecdotal evidence of a herb having been effective. Delving deeper into public narratives of HM usage will allow conventional healthcare systems to effectively integrate alternative approaches, as well as ensuring that future research into the benefits of HMs is relevant to how people use them.

A Secured Healthcare Model for Sensor Data Sharing With Integrated Emotional Intelligence

Integration of healthcare and Internet of Things (IoT) has a potential to revolutionize the medical treatments, diagnosis and predict medical issues thereby enabling patients, families, doctors and medical insurers stay connected for a proactive delivery of services. However, IoT devices operate in infrastructure-less environments, and hence data security and privacy is always a concern. Counterfeit IoT devices create huge menace in sensitive applications. Moreover, conventional healthcare systems are not patient-centric in the sense that they do not include patient’s emotions during treatments. EI helps the clinicians better understand and mange medical procedures. This paper presents a human-centered approach in healthcare domain by the integration of emotional intelligence (EI) and sensor network built around IoT devices. A Raspberry Pi connected with sensors and a camera acts as an IoT device. These sensors collect body vital parameters and Facial expression recognition (FER) based EI. The system is hosted on an Ethereum permissioned blockchain for reliability, security and tamper-proof data sharing and storage. Devices in the network are authenticated using physical unclonable functions (PUFs). Comparative analysis confirms that the PUF-based authentication is 330% faster than conventional methods. The system offers latency of as low as 20 ms. Using smart contracts, the proposed model provides role-based access control and helps in building scalable and harmonious digital healthcare platforms.

SHARIF: Solid Pod-Based Secured Healthcare Information Storage and Exchange Solution in Internet of Things

The recent development has enlightened health informatics on the Internet of medical Things (IoT) 5.0. Healthcare services have seen greater acceptance of information and communications technology (ICT) in recent years; in light of the increasing volume of patient data, the traditional way of storing data in physical files has eventually moved to a digital alternative such as electronic health record (EHR). However, conventional healthcare data systems are plagued with a single point of failure, security issues, mutable logging, and inefficient methods to retrieve healthcare records. Social linked data (Solid) has been developed as a decentralized technology to alter digital data sharing and ownership for its users radically. However, Solid alone cannot address all the security issues posed to data exchange and storage. Present research combines two decentralized technologies, Solid ecosystem and blockchain technology, to tackle all potential security issues using solidity-based smart contracts, thereby providing a secure patient-centric design for the complex under developing EHR data exchange.

Transformation of Digital Health Care Environment: A Solution for Pandemic

The epidemic is a doorway. It has created a new portal that involves re-defining of living styles, working habits, health care, and socialization among people and nonhuman species. The World health organization has announced publically that novel coronavirus as a pandemic. The problem is to overcome the situation of this pandemic which involves the social distancing issues, by transforming the conventional medical health care systems to digital health care system. Post pandemic demands a fundamental change of healthcare systems that have the abilities to handle those issues. Meanwhile, as the pandemic becomes more severe, the most important objective is the paradigm shift in conventional health systems to combat the pandemic by purposing the taxonomy on the basis of digital technologies. Thus, an Artificial intelligence (AI) and Internet of things (IoT) based digital healthcare system model is proposed. Moreover, a thorough investigation is conducted, ensuring in a timely guide to the possibilities of digital health transformation as a current and future response to pandemic issues.