Conventional Construction Methods Research Articles

Drivers towards Adopting Modular Integrated Construction for Affordable Sustainable Housing: A Total Interpretive Structural Modelling (TISM) Method

This study features the development of a framework to identify drivers towards increasing adoption of modular integrated construction (MiC) methods for affordable sustainable housing (ASH). The rise of offsite construction (OSC) techniques, especially MiC, has been evident in recent years. MiC’s adoption in ASH is still underdeveloped; however, due to various benefits of MiC over conventional construction methods, it is envisioned to be a significant emerging approach for tackling growing housing demand, and ASH in particular. Although a few prior studies identified some factors for utilization of MiC towards ASH, studies to date have not provided a holistic review of drivers or a comprehensive framework of the interrelationships between such drivers. To address this issue, this study utilizes a three-way process including a systematic literature review, semi-structured interviews and the Total Interpretive Structure Modelling (TISM) method to study the drivers for MiC adoption in ASH. Initially, 111 drivers were extracted from a review of 40 studies in the existing literature. Following that, the significant drivers of MiC adoption for ASH were grouped into cost, time, productivity, quality, environmental, social, policy and demand. Drawing on concepts of systems thinking and graph theory, the TISM model for eight drivers was developed from both the literature review and the interview results. Four levels of hierarchy were found among drivers containing linkage, driving, depending and autonomous. Succeeding the steps of TISM and Reachability Matrix (RM) and Matrice d’ Impacts Croises-Multipication Appliqué a Classement (MICMAC) analysis, social drivers were found to have the highest driving and lowest dependency power, followed by productivity and policy drivers. This signifies the importance of social factors for enhancing MiC adoption for ASH. In addition, a strategic framework of boosting MiC adoption in ASH is also presented, highlighting the key stakeholders and strategies for transformation along with conclusions. This study delivers a wider landscape of drivers for MiC-ASH synergy that may assist practitioners, policy makers and relevant stakeholders to better understand the relationships between the drivers.

Investigation of a large‐scale adaptive concrete beam with integrated fluidic actuators

AbstractAs the world population keeps growing, so does the demand for new construction. Considering material resources are limited, it will be unfeasible to meet such demand employing conventional construction methods. A new resource‐saving approach is provided by adaptive structures. Using sensors, actuators and control units, structures are enabled to adapt to loads, for example, to compensate for deformations. Since deformations are dominant in the design of bending‐stressed load‐bearing structures, adaptivity enables such structures to be realized using less material and achieving the same load‐bearing capacity in comparison to conventional designs. This article presents a concrete beam of typical building dimensions that compensates deflections by means of integrated fluidic actuators. These actuators offer the possibility of reacting optimally to general loading. The investigation is carried out on an approximately 4‐m‐long beam with integrated hydraulic actuators. To ensure the overall functionality, accurate dimensioning of the beam as well as the hydraulic system is mandatory. Analytical design of the beam and actuation system are carried out for predimensioning. Experimental testing validates the function and demonstrates that the adaptive beam works as predicted. A fully compensation in deflection is possible. Therefore, a significant increase in load‐bearing capacity is possible with the same material input compared to conventional beams.

Extended technology acceptance model to explain the mechanism of modular construction adoption

IntroductionWhile it is highly expected that modular construction can overcome the limitations of conventional construction methods, modular construction use in the field is currently insufficient. Previous studies have attempted to analyze what hinders the use of modular technology and find alternative solutions, but most studies have limitations in that it is difficult to explain the mechanisms of users' modular technology adoption in detail. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanisms of modular construction adoption using a technology acceptance model to overcome previous studies’ limitations. MethodEmpirical survey data from 208 construction experts were collected to test research hypotheses in the research model of modular construction adoption. The collected data were analyzed using a two-step approach (i.e., CFA, SEM). Results: It was found that Outcome Expectation (OE), Institutional Barrier (IB), and Private Interests (PI) affected Attitude (ATT) and Behavioral Intention (BI) with the users’ Perceived Usefulness (PU) and Perceived Ease of Use (PEOU) acting as mediating variables. Among these, PI was found to have the greatest impact on technology adoption and IB had a negative impact on both PU and ATT, indicating an urgent need for improvements in public policies relating to current modular construction use. ApplicationsThe results of this study permit a detailed explanation of the modular construction adoption mechanism. Furthermore, the results can provide practical assistance and advice when developing various measures for stimulating the use of modular construction technology.

Pertinent Internal and External Issues in Industrialised Building System (IBS) Construction Business in Malaysia

Industrialised Building System (IBS) construction business has emerged as one of the potential business ventures as the Malaysian construction industry is in a constant need to shift from conventional method of construction to IBS adoption aligning to Construction 4.0 Strategic Plan 2021-2025 and The National Entrepreneurship Policy 2030 (NEP 2030). In line with boosting the IBS implementation, a brief exploratory study has been conducted to validate several IBS construction business issues among IBS contractors in Malaysia, internally and externally. From selected online databases such as Google Scholar, Scopus and Web of Science, 397 articles were extracted from the “Industrialised Building System (IBS) Issues in Malaysia” keywords. A set of semi-structured questionnaires was developed and pre-tested before flowing it to 25 respondents from different backgrounds in construction business related to IBS. Internally, it is discovered that the easy access to cheap labours, substantial start-up capital and ineffective IBS knowledge transfer among construction players are internal challenges that IBS contractors must endure. Concurrently discovered, IBS contractors are externally challenged by heavy Chinese-led and big boys construction project monopoly, government’s weak push for IBS technology, securing smooth payment delivery, and the unstable political climate in the Malaysian political scenarios. This paper aims to validate and outreach the challenges IBS contractors face internally and externally to strategize the business plan systematically.
 Keywords: Industrialized Building System (IBS), Issues in IBS Construction Business, Construction Business Issues, IBS Issues, Exploratory Study

Comparison of the Embodied Carbon Emissions and Direct Construction Costs for Modular and Conventional Residential Buildings in South Korea

Modular construction is an innovative new construction method that minimizes waste and improves efficiency within the construction industry. However, practitioners are hampered by the lack of environmental and economic sustainability analysis methods in this area. This study analyzes the embodied carbon emissions and direct construction costs incurred during the production phase of a modular residential building and provides comparison to an equivalent conventional residential building. Major drawings and design details for a modular residential building in South Korea were obtained, and the quantity take-off data for the major construction materials were analyzed for a modular construction method and a conventional construction method using a reinforced concrete structure under the same conditions. Focusing on major construction materials during the production phase, the embodied carbon emissions assessment revealed that adopting a modular construction approach reduced the environmental impact by approximately 36%, as compared to the conventional reinforced concrete method. However, in terms of the direct construction cost, the modular construction was approximately 8% more expensive than the conventional reinforced concrete construction method.

Analysis of challenges and opportunities of prefabricated sandwich panel system: A solution for affordable housing in India

The Indian construction sector is emerging as the third-largest sector to take our country toward a $5 trillion economy. However, all industries, including the construction industry, are facing new challenges in this crisis. Specifically, challenges pertaining to delay in delivery of projects, time, and cost overruns have become prominent. In the real estate sector, there is huge demand for housing in our country i.e. 11.2 million dwelling units in urban areas and 29.5 million dwelling units in rural areas in India by 2022. To deal with such a huge demand where the construction industry is already facing many problems, it is real-time to adopt the new construction technologies. As the conventional method of construction is a time and cost-consuming process, it is mainly labor-intensive where the quality of construction is a crucial issue. So for addressing these problems, the government of India has taken the initiative called Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana: housing for all urban and rural by 2022. Under this scheme, 54 new technologies have been approved under 6 different categories by the BMTPC. Consequently, there are several technologies available for low-cost housing but it is challenging to recommend one technology for a countrywide practice. In this paper, the components of the prefabricated sandwich panel system (falling under one of the 6 categories) are discussed in detail further the various opportunities and onsite challenges coming out while implementing this technology are enlisted and possible solutions are provided.

Estimation of interface friction and concrete boundary layer for 3D printable concrete pumping

3D concrete printing technology is a revolutionary method having multiple benefits over the conventional method of construction. Currently, the 3DCP process is in its initial stage hence required detailed investigation on many points. In the 3DCP process, pumping pressure plays the foremost role as the continuous, uniform and controlled flow of concrete is required to achieve desirable printability. To estimate the pumping pressure effectively, it is necessary to study the pumping parameters & interface friction. The interface friction at boundary layer is largely affected by the concrete composition. The estimation of pumping pressure for conventional concrete was found in past study in which the piston pump and metal pipe was used as a pumping assembly but no work has been found to estimate pumping pressure for 3D printable concrete using progressive cavity pump and high density polyethylene (HDPE) rubber hose pipe. In this study the interface friction between high density polyethylene (HDPE) rubber hose pipe and different 3D printable concrete mix was estimated by performing tribometer test. Effect of 3D printable concrete composition on thickness of boundary layer was also studied. From the experimental results, it was found that the interface friction is decreasing with the more workable concrete mix and the boundary layer (BL) was formed by the cement, water & smaller size of sand particles (<1.18 mm).

Construction of Protograph-Based Partially Doped Generalized LDPC Codes

In this paper, we propose a new code design technique, called partial doping, for protograph-based generalized low-density parity-check (GLDPC) codes. While the conventional construction method of protograph-based GLDPC codes is to replace some single parity-check (SPC) nodes with generalized constraint (GC) nodes applying to multiple variable nodes (VNs) that are connected in the protograph, the proposed technique can select any VNs in the protograph to be protected by GC nodes. In other words, the partial doping technique facilitates finer tuning of doping, which in turn enables a sophisticated code optimization with higher degree of freedom. We construct the proposed partially doped GLDPC (PD-GLDPC) codes using the partial doping technique and optimize the PD-GLDPC codes by the protograph extrinsic information transfer (PEXIT) analysis. In addition, we propose a condition guaranteeing the linear minimum distance growth of the PD-GLDPC codes and use the condition for the optimization. Experimental results show that the optimized PD-GLDPC codes outperform the conventional GLDPC codes and have competitive performance compared to the state-of-the-art protograph-based LDPC codes without the error floor phenomenon over the binary erasure channel (BEC).

Assessing Site Waste Management Practices and Cost Between Conventional and Industrialised Building System (IBS) Projects in Malaysia

The Urban development and demands in the construction industry and the increasing population numbers have positively contributed to the rising waste generation. The growth and expansion of construction activities enhanced the problem of waste generation on construction sites. In the Malaysian construction industry, there is a pressing issue of minimising construction waste, which causes significant impacts on the environment. Malaysia is moving towards better construction waste management; however, there is still insufficient collection and improper construction waste disposal in projects site. Practices to reduce, reuse, or recycle waste have not yet achieved widespread implementation due to the cost incurred in handling and transporting the physical waste to the dumpsite. Thus, adopting an Industrialised Building System (IBS) has been one alternative to the conventional construction method to reduce construction waste. The research aim is to compare site waste management practices between conventional and IBS projects. The research examines the types of site waste generated from construction project activities, the types of site waste management practices, and the cost involved in managing site waste. The research methodology used qualitative research and used a case study approach. The data is gained from semi- structured interviews with conventional and IBS contractors in Malaysia. The analysis is based on cross-case analysis and pattern matching. Findings from semi-structured interviews based on six comparative case studies revealed that there are some differences between the types of site waste generate by the conventional and IBS projects due to some causes such as improper storage and wrong handling material. Adopting an IBS can greatly minimize construction waste, saving the cost of materials, and improve the environmental performance for overall site conditions. This research shows that the government should play an important role by encourage all the construction company to implement IBS as the new way in minimizing the construction waste.

Small Pilot Tunnel Advance and Step Reverse Expansion in Super-Large-Section Tunnel Excavation

Collapse of the vault and numerous other safety accidents often occur during the construction process of large-section tunnels. The utilization of a small pilot tunnel and a step reverse expansion construction methodology is proposed based on conventional construction methods to explore safe construction technology. First, a theoretical analysis combined with on-site monitoring parameters was conducted. It showed that the maximum displacement of the tunnel surrounding rock was 0.027 m during the elastic stage and increased to 0.031 m during the strength limit stage. The overall surrounding rock deformation does not have a noticeable impact on tunnel safety. A numerical simulation model of the small pilot tunnel advancement and step reverse expansion method was established. Simulation results showed that the first two excavation steps caused 89.6% of the total overlining strata subsidence, and the use of a small pilot tunnel advancement and step reverse expansion method can enhance the tunnel support. The tunnel surrounding rock was adequately stabilized after using this excavation method and provides the in-situ conditions for expanding the pilot tunnel to the large-section tunnel. The proposed method was adopted in an actual engineering project. It protected the subsequent construction of the main tunnel and decreased construction time, saving construction costs while ensuring safety, reducing construction risks, and improving production efficiency. This research can guide similar tunneling projects.

Seismic performance of a novel partial precast RC shear wall with reserved cast-in-place base and wall edges

Precast reinforced concrete (RC) shear walls have attracted significant research efforts due to advantages over the conventional construction methods such as better quality control, shorter construction time and less environmental impact. Research efforts have been dedicated to exploring alternative methods for the connections of precast shear walls. In this paper, a novel partial precast shear wall is proposed, which is made of a precast shear wall with double-legs at the base, and reserved cast-in-place base zone and wall edges. To begin, the design concept of the proposed precast shear wall is described. A comprehensive experiment program is then presented, in which two groups of identical full-scale shear walls were designed, constructed and tested in a cyclic pseudo-static manner in order to investigate the seismic performance of the proposed wall. Each group consisted of three specimens, one cast-in-place and two proposed walls. These two groups of specimens were tested under a high axial load index of 0.3 and 0.4, respectively. The test results indicate that the failure modes of the proposed partial precast walls were similar with those constructed with cast-in-place method. For both axial load indices, the precast walls had comparable seismic performance with the cast-in-place walls in terms of lateral load capacity, stiffness degradation, steel strain behavior, energy dissipation, and residual displacement but better deformability and ductility. In addition, higher axial load indices resulted in decrease in ductility and increase in residual displacements. Moreover, the same precast walls in the same group had similar performance, providing confidence in the repeatability of the test results and stable performance of the proposed walls. It can come to the conclusion that the proposed partial precast shear walls can have comparable and stable seismic performance with the conventional cast-in-place method and hence can be taken as an alternative in practice.

Environmental Footprint and Economics of a Full-Scale 3D-Printed House

3D printing, is a newly adopted technique in the construction sector with the aim to improve the economics and alleviate environmental impacts. This study assesses the eco-efficiency of 3D printing compared to conventional construction methods in large-scale structural fabrication. A single-storey 3D-printed house was selected in the United Arab Emirates to conduct the comparative assessment against traditional concrete construction. The life cycle assessment (LCA) framework is utilized to quantify the environmental loads of raw materials extraction and manufacturing, as well as energy consumption during construction and operation phases. The economics of the selected structural systems were investigated through life cycle costing analysis (LCCA), that included mainly the construction costs and energy savings. An eco-efficiency analysis was employed to aggregate the results of the LCA and LCCA into a single framework to aid in decision making by selecting the optimum and most eco-efficient alternative. The findings revealed that houses built using additive manufacturing and 3D printed materials were more environmentally favourable. The conventional construction method had higher impacts when compared to the 3D printing method with global warming potential of 1154.20 and 608.55 kg CO2 eq, non-carcinogenic toxicity 675.10 and 11.9 kg 1,4-DCB, and water consumption 233.35 and 183.95 m3, respectively. The 3D printed house was also found to be an economically viable option, with 78% reduction in the overall capital costs when compared to conventional construction methods. The combined environmental and economic results revealed that the overall process of the 3D-printed house had higher eco efficiency compared to concrete-based construction. The main results of the sensitivity analysis revealed that up to 90% of the environmental impacts in 3D printing mortars can be mitigated with decreasing cement ratios.

Acceptance model of precast concrete components in building construction based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework

According to the increasing development of prefabrication as a sustainable alternative approach to conventional construction methods, the use of Precast Concrete Components (PCC) has received more attention. This method provides advantages such as improved construction speed, labor productivity, and lower waste of resources. It has also been suggested as an immediate response to the social need of housing demand. However, in some countries, most concrete buildings are still built using traditional methods. Considering the importance of promoting the use of PCC in building construction, this study aims to develop a model based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology, Organization, and Environment (TOE) framework to quantitatively investigate the influencing factors on adopting PCC from both individual and organizational perspectives. The proposed model was analyzed with the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method. The results showed improving engineers' understanding of PCC's advantages, strengthening the competitive atmosphere between organizations besides government support for builders to use PCC, had the greatest role in adopting this approach. In addition, the indirect effects of perceived risks and costs on PCC adoption through engineers' understanding of the benefits of this method were significant. The moderation effect of civil engineers' experience was also investigated on the relationship between influencing factors and intention to adopt PCC. The findings of this study may help economic and educational policymakers to develop prefabrication using PCC. New insights have also been presented by the current study to conduct more quantitative and qualitative research in the prefabrication context.

Plug and Play Modular Façade Construction System for Renovation for Residential Buildings

The present paper focuses on the architectural and constructional features required to ensure that building envelope renovation are safe, functional, and adaptable to the building stock, with particular focus on “plug and play” modular facade construction systems. It presents the design of one such system and how it addresses these issues. The outcome of early-stage functional test with a full-scale mock-up system, as well as its applicability to a real construction project is presented. It is found crucial to obtain high quality information about the status of the existing façade with the use of modern technologies such as topographic surveys or 3D scans and point cloud. Detailed design processes are required to ensure the compatibility of manufacture and installation tolerances, along with anchor systems that deliver flexibility for adjustment, and construction processes adapting standard installation methods to the architectural particularities of each case that may hinder its use or require some modification in each situation. This prefabricated plug and play modular system has been tested by reproducing the holistic methodology and new technologies in the market by means of real demonstrators. When compared to more conventional construction methods, this system achieves savings in a real case of 50% (time), 30% (materials) and 25% (waste), thus achieving significant economic savings.

Additive Manufacturing: A Layered Taxonomy and Classification for Material Engineering Process

Material engineers continuously make every effort for the evolution of novel and prevailing production performances to supply our biosphere with resource-proficient, economical, and hygienic substances with superior package operation. The mitigation of energy depletion and gas releases as an utmost significance worldwide is a renowned datum; which also needs the improvement of delicate substances employing budget-proficient and ecologically pleasant methods. Consequently, copious exploration has been aimed in the study of methods retaining a potential to wrestle these widespread essentials. Material engineering processes have advanced as a feasible substitute for conventional steel fragment construction methods. CE has experienced an extraordinary advancement throughout the previous three decades. It was originally utilised uniquely as a state-of-the-art reserve of the paradigm. Referable to the expertise development which permits merging countless engineering procedures for the output of a modified portion that employed intricate configurations, CE expertise has got cumulative responsiveness. As such, this article intends to furnish a comprehensive appraisal of chemical fabrication progressions for steel substance evolution utilised in different applications. The inspection encompasses the current advancement of CE know-hows, a detailed taxonomy and classification of manufacturing operations. The focal point of the upcoming perspective of CE in substance investigation and application is further deliberated

Barriers to the Adoption of Industrialized Building System in Iraqi Construction Industry

Iraq construction industry is about to experience an increasing number of new projects. With the economy slowing over the past few years, the need for residential projects and infrastructure still as priorities. Meeting these needs will be challenging, and cash out will be in high range if the construction industry still uses the conventional construction method. The significant features and factors were created based on an extensive literature review of previous research studies in developed and developing countries (68 research papers). Iraq adopted the Industrialized Building System (IBS) approach in the last decades in a few projects, some challenges stand against the continuous adoption of (IBS). Also, many studies record some challenges that prevent the application of IBS in their countries. This study paper discusses the barriers and strategies to adopt IBS in the construction industry of Iraq that are related to the importance of construction development within the context of modern building application. The methodology based on structured hypotheses that employed an online data collection and a total number of (111) questionnaire forms collected from the experts, professionals, and engineers involved in Iraq's construction industry. The questionnaire survey results addressed the barriers, and by using SPSS (statistical package for social science), the researcher correlates the presence of these barriers with hypotheses and demonstrates that the IBS adoption in Iraq suffered a lack of governmental support, money, knowledge, and expertise. Moreover, the related internal productions for successful IBS applications indicated a need to advertise and support the modern construction system by the role of public and private sectors.

Analysis of Modular House Fabrication Technology Application in Subsidized Housing Construction Based on Project Planning

Technology in the construction industry is now rapidly developing. Construction technology, which synergies with good construction management, can increase cost efficiency, time, and project quality. In conventional construction methods, there is a high level of uncertainty. The high level of uncertainty impacts poor project control resulting in project delays, high overhead costs, and a decrease in project quality. Modular home fabrication technology was developed to reduce project costs and time and improve project quality. The increasing demand for proper housing is currently encouraging Indonesia’s Government to create a Subsidized Housing Program. ‘Y’ subsidized housing is one of the subsidized housing in Indonesia. The ‘Y’ subsidized housing construction still uses conventional construction. How to compare the achievement of efficiency in cost and time plans as well as project quality between the application of modular home fabrication technology with traditional construction in ‘Y’ subsidized housing construction, with potential project cost savings of 5-15%, acceleration of project duration of 9 months from planning, and inspection the quality of the project is done in stages? The achievement of cost and time efficiency of the project and improving the quality of the project affect the choice of the construction method. Modular home fabrication technology can be implemented if the modular manufacturer meets the criteria. These criteria are: including being qualified in modernization, having a consistent level of productivity, having adequate mobilization, and commitment that is always maintained to see prospects.

Design processes and multi-regulation of biomimetic building skins: A comparative analysis

Biomimetics is an opportunity for the development of energy efficient building systems. Several biomimetic building skins (Bio-BS) have been built over the past decade, however few addressed multi-regulation although the biological systems they are inspired by have multi-functional properties. Recent studies have suggested that despite numerous tools and methods described in the literature for the development of biomimetic systems, their use for designing Bio-BS is scarce. To assess the main challenges of biomimetic design processes and their influence on the final design, this paper presents a comparative analysis of several existing Bio-BS. The analyses were carried out with univariable and multivariate descriptive tools in order to highlight the main trends, similarities and differences between the projects. The authors evaluated the design process of thirty existing Bio-BS, including a focus on the steps related to the understanding of the biological models. Data was collected throughout interviews. The univariate analysis revealed that very little Bio-BS followed a biomimetic design framework (5%). None of the Bio-BS was as multi-functional as their biological model(s) of inspiration. A further conclusion drawn that Bio-BS are mostly inspired by single biological organisms (82%), which mostly belong to the kingdom of animals (53%) and plants (37%). The multivariate analysis outlined that the Bio-BS were distributed into two main groups: (1) academic projects which present a strong correlation with the inputs in biology in their design processes and resulted in radical innovation; (2) public building projects which used conventional design and construction methods for incremental innovation by improving existing building systems. These projects did not involve biologists neither a thorough understanding of biological models during their design process. Since some biomimetic tools are available and Bio-BS have shown limitations in terms of multifunctionality, there is a need to promote the use of multidisciplinary tools in the design process of Bio-BS, and address the needs of the designers to enhance the application of multi-regulation capabilities for improved performances.

Additive Manufacturing in the Construction Industry: The Comparative Competitiveness of 3D Concrete Printing

The construction industry is facing increasing pressure to improve productivity and decrease its environmental impact. Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies, especially three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) technology, have provided many benefits for construction. However, holistic comparative studies of the competitiveness of 3DCP and conventional methods, from cost and time perspectives, are lacking. Choosing between the methods is difficult for practitioners. In this study, we investigated the current state of 3DCP in the construction industry using seven distinct scenarios. Our analysis was performed to illustrate the impact of design and supply chain configurations on performance. The results prove the notable competitiveness of 3DCP. In contrast to the conventional construction method, the more complex round design had a positive impact on the cost and process time in 3DCP scenarios. Additionally, we show that on-site 3DCP using a robotic arm was more cost-effective than off-site 3DCP.

A top-down cutting method for construction of high-performance fiber-shaped quasi-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitors

Fiber-shaped asymmetric supercapacitors (FSASCs) have great potential as a future wearable energy storage system because of good weavability, a wide operating voltage window, and high energy density. Conventional bottom-up construction methods for fiber supercapacitors are time-consuming or highly costly. This work proposes a novel facile top-down cutting method to construct FSASCs. FSASCs with desired sizes can be rapidly constructed and easily scaled up by cutting a thin-film supercapacitor into fiber-shaped devices. Serial and parallel FSASCs free of external wire connection were assembled by cutting stacked film supercapacitors and multiplying the cutting width, respectively. Besides, the as-prepared FSASCs exhibit superior comprehensive electrochemical performance, including a high volumetric capacitance of 14.7 F/cm3, a high energy density of 93.5 μWh/cm2, and excellent flexibility. The cutting method with advantages of high simplicity, low cost, and high efficiency may be a general construction method for fiber-shaped energy storage devices.