Conventional Communication Channels Research Articles

THE EFFECT OF INSTAGRAM ON PRODUCT VIRALITY AND PRODUCT AWARENESS OF BANK INDONESIA

In accordance with the Vision of Bank Indonesia, which is to become the leading digital central bank that contributes significantly to the national economy, Bank Indonesia in this digital era that carries the current side (real time) has changed its communication approach, so that it does not only rely on conventional communication channels (mainstream media) as its communication channel, but also implements public communication through digital media. In accordance with BSPI 2025, Bank Indonesia, has a duty or obligation to educate and expand the acceptance of digital payments, namely QRIS. In order to expand the acceptance of non-cash payments to be more efficient in the future, Product Virality and Product Awareness are needed by Bank Indonesia to be one of the techniques in socializing the QRIS payment system to the Indonesian people. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of Instagram Social Media carried out by Bank Indonesia on Bank Indonesia's Product Virality and Product Awareness (QRIS).

Superlensing enables radio communication and imaging underwater

Wireless radio communications provide a backbone to our technological civilization. However, radio communications are widely believed to be impossible in many situations where radios are surrounded by conductive media, such as underwater or underground, thus making ocean exploration difficult and creating well-known mine safety problems. In addition, since most imaging techniques rely on electromagnetic waves, the difficulty of electromagnetic wave propagation through biological tissues, which are mostly made of water, also severely limits bioimaging. Here we show that contrary to common beliefs, radio signals may be efficiently propagated through water over useful distances. Both radio communication and radio imaging through water may be enabled by superlensing of surface electromagnetic waves propagating along the water surface. We have demonstrated underwater radio communication over distances of several hundred skin depth in the MHz frequency range, which would require sensitivity below 10−100 W in a conventional radio communication channel. We also demonstrated subwavelength super-resolution radio imaging in the GHz range by using water surface as a superlens. Our results indicate new ways to perform bioimaging, as well as marine life safe techniques of wireless radio communication and imaging underwater, which are essential for ocean and seafloor exploration. We also anticipate that the developed techniques will provide invaluable means of studying the extraterrestrial water worlds, such as potentially inhabitable Jovian moons.

Impact of Channel Aging on Dual-Function Radar-Communication Systems: Performance Analysis and Resource Allocation

In conventional dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems, the radar and communication channels are routinely estimated at fixed time intervals based on their worst-case operation scenarios. Such situation-agnostic repeated estimations cause significant training overhead and dramatically degrade the system performance, especially for applications with dynamic sensing/communication demands and limited radio resources. In this paper, we leverage the channel aging characteristics to reduce training overhead and to design a situation-dependent channel re-estimation interval optimization-based resource allocation in a multi-target tracking DFRC system. Specifically, we exploit the channel temporal correlation to predict radar and communication channels for reducing the need for training preamble retransmission. Then, we characterize the channel aging effects on the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs) for radar tracking performance analysis and achievable rates with maximum ratio transmission (MRT) and zero-forcing (ZF) transmit beamforming for communication performance analysis. In particular, the aged CRLBs and achievable rates are derived as closed-form expressions with respect to the channel aging time, bandwidth, and power. Based on the analyzed results, we optimize these factors to maximize the average total aged achievable rate subject to individual target tracking precision demand, communication rate requirement, and other practical constraints. Since the formulated problem belongs to a non-convex problem, we develop an efficient one-dimensional search based optimization algorithm to obtain its suboptimal solutions. Finally, simulation results are presented to validate the correctness of the derived theoretical results and the effectiveness of the proposed allocation scheme.

INFORMATION MEDIA AS A PUBLIC COMMUNICATION IN FIRE MITIGATION IN SOUTH KALIMANTAN

South Kalimantan is one of the regions in Indonesia that has a high vulnerability to fire disasters. The Fire Disaster Management Agency is an agency that has a major role as an early warning system in the process of mitigating fire disasters in South Kalimantan. The purpose of this study was to determine the use of the five elements of communication according to Harold Laswell and information media as a public communication channel carried out by the Regional Disaster Management Agency/ Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) of South Kalimantan. The research method used was a qualitative descriptive approach. The results show that in the process of mitigating fire disasters in South Kalimantan Province, the Regional Disaster Management Agency/ Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) of South Kalimantan Province has carried out a public communication process by implementing all elements of communication and presenting Information Media as a communication channel through direct communication with the community in the area. disaster or using conventional communication channels such as leaflets, disaster pocketbooks as well as mass and digital media communication channels such as radio and social media

Передача информации в квантовом канале связи

Currently, quantum key generation systems are considered as the basis of quantum telecommunications using quantum cryptography. At the same time, concepts are substituted: such a system simply generates the same binary code on two sides of the quantum channel and does not allow data to be transmitted as in the communication channel. In the future, such a key is used by a classical cryptographic system in a conventional communication channel. The low rate of generation of a quantum key requires its accumulation, which deprives this key of authentication – as soon as once it is presented as a file, it can be replaced. Nevertheless, the steady increase in the generation rate makes it possible to use a quantum key for direct secure transmission of information in a quantum channel «bit to bit» with any quantum protocol and physical implementation. The method of such transfer is discussed in this article.

Time-Division Multiplexing for Power and Data Transmission on Optical Fibers

Internet of Things (IoT) raises the interconnection of low-cost sensor nodes networks everywhere even in harsh environments where conventional power supply systems and communication channels are not feasible. Power over Fiber is an alternative solution but its implementation costs are sometimes too high because of the optical devices involved. This article proposes a time-division multiplexing control algorithm and a circuit design to share the same laser diode and photodiode for power and downstream data transmission. This is a feasible solution to reduce implementation costs when sensor nodes require downstream data rates much lower than the capacity of the link.

Theoretical Aspects of the Museum’s Communication Strategy: Conventional and Non-Conventional Communication Channels

Perspective aspects of the development of the domestic theory of museum communication are considered. The object of the research is the interdisciplinary discourse of the general field of communication theories. The subject of the research is the theoretical models applicable for structuring museum communication channels. The authors substantiate the need to focus the communication strategy of a modern museum not only on conventional communication channels, but also on long-term prospects for nonconventional connections. The presented typology of conventional and non-conventional channels in the structure of museum communication makes it possible to determine the basic components of the communication process along two main channels: “Society → Museum → Society”; “Museum → Society → Museum”. The communication strategies of a modern museum, considering the potential of both channels, will be more efficient and will enhance the value of storage objects at the lowest cost.

Recording a Hologram Transmitted over a Communication Channel on One Sideband

The paper presents experimental results on the recording and restoration of 3D holographic frames suitable for transmitting 3D holographic images with the frame rate required for TV images and a resolution of the Full HD standard and higher. The Patent RF No. 2707582 proposed a method for compressing holographic information and transmitting it using a procedure similar to SSB over conventional communication channels. In this work, the holographic information of a 3D portrait of a person, transmitted and received via the Wi-Fi communication channel, was restored in the form of a rainbow hologram, as one of a variety of holograms, by the computer addition of the carrier spatial frequency, and then hologram was actually produced on a photoresist. This technology can be used to create a holographic phototelegraph or, if there is a dynamic holographic display, to create a holographic television and 3D augmented reality.

Transmission of 3D Holographic Information via Conventional Communication Channels and the Possibility of Multiplexing in the Implementation of 3D Hyperspectral Images

This paper shows the possibility of transmitting 3D holographic information in real time with a TV frame rate over conventional radio channels by transmitting two two-dimensional signals in two image modes: depth map and surface texture of the object (mask + texture). The authors point out that it is similar to compression through eliminating the carrier and it is inherently similar to SSB (single-sideband modulation) but has higher resolution ability in reconstructing 3D images. It is also shown that such technology for transmitting 3D holographic information is in good agreement with the tasks of both aggregating and multiplexing 3D images when they are transferred from one part of the electromagnetic spectrum of radiation to another and the creation of hyperspectral 3D images.

Management Effectiveness of Sheikh Baden National Park: Testing the Scope of Cultural Integrity

A cross sectional-based research was conducted with the sole aim to assess the management effectiveness of Sheikh Baden National Park [SBNP] District Dera Ismail Khan Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan with respect to cultural integrity. A sample size of 389 respondents were selected through simple random sampling to determine respondents attitude towards cultural integrity (independent variable) and management effectiveness of SBNP (dependent variable) through Likert scale as measurement tool. Further, descriptive (univaraite analysis) and inferential statistics (bivariate analysis) were carried out. With regards to bivariate results found that, an association of management effectiveness of SBNP was highly significant with historical events (p=0.004), introducing local culture to visitors (p=0.000), access to culturally rich areas (p=0.000), display of cultural events (p=0.000), handicrafts and food items production and promotion (p=0.000), alternate livelihood for disturbed communities (p=0.000) and trained wildlife staff (p=0.000). Improvements in promotion of SBNP and its related ecological, cultural and historical importance at mass scale by using both conventional and modern communication channels including mass media, print media, internet and social media etc. were major recommendations in light of the study.

Characterization of a resonant capacitively coupled wireless power transfer system for communication purposes at 6 MHz

This work characterizes a wireless power transmission (WPT) system operating at the 6 MHz frequency band for wireless information transfer purposes. To perform the characterization, the channel is modelled using its 2-port network scattering parameters. Then, a long string of symbols encoded with on–off keying and modified Miller encoding is passed through the channel model at various data rates. The original data is recovered from the channel output signal using a software-defined receiver. Bit error rate curves and eye diagrams are created for each encoding scheme and data rate. To verify the simulated results, the aforementioned data strings are transferred through the actual WPT system and output signals are post-processed in the digital domain with the same software-defined receiver. For comparison purposes, the performance of the WPT channel is compared to that of a conventional wireless communication channel with a flat additive white Gaussian noise model. The simulation and measurement results demonstrate that the provided WPT system can be used for data transfer with an acceptable error rate.

Key Agreement Over Inter-Process Communication

Today’s computer is often infected by malwares and conventional communication channels such as inter-process communication (IPC) are attractive attack surface for attackers because important information such as user’s personal data and passwords are transmitted between processes over IPC. In addition, there is no other protection other than the access control mechanism provided by the underlying OS, but it is not always sufficient. To improve the situation, this paper proposes a key agreement protocol between processes using a network socket, which is one of the IPC methods. Our protocol provides a means for legitimate processes to cryptographically communicate over the IPC. We use an uncertain channel for secure key agreement over IPC and we found that the IPC channel behaves as the uncertain communication channel due to the process scheduling of the OS. The proposed protocol is based on random number sharing using the messages that the attacker probabilistically fails to obtain and attacker detection who interrupts the protocol. Our protocol provides secure key sharing against an attacker that interrupts the protocol and impersonates legitimate processes. We experiment on the behavior of the uncertain channel on an actual device and confirm that our protocol achieves 128-bit security in a realistic execution time within 8.5 ms. To our best knowledge, our proposal is the first countermeasure for IPC with cryptographic strength under reasonable assumptions.

User-centred design of a digital advisory service: enhancing public agricultural extension for sustainable intensification in Tanzania

ABSTRACT Sustainable intensification (SI) is promoted as a rural development paradigm for sub-Saharan Africa. Achieving SI requires smallholder farmers to have access to information that is context-specific, increases their decision-making capacities, and adapts to changing environments. Current extension services often struggle to address these needs. New mobile phone-based services can help. In order to enhance the public extension service in Tanzania, we created a digital service that addresses smallholder farmers’ different information needs for implementing SI. Using a co-design methodology – User-Centered Design – we elicited feedback from farmers and extension agents in Tanzania to create a new digital information service, called Ushauri. This automated hotline gives farmers access to a set of pre-recorded messages. Additionally, farmers can ask questions in a mailbox. Extension agents then listen to these questions through an online platform, where they record and send replies via automated push-calls. A test with 97 farmers in Tanzania showed that farmers actively engaged with the service to access agricultural advice. Extension agents were able to answer questions with reduced workload compared to conventional communication channels. This study illustrates how User-Centered Design can be used to develop information services for complex and resource-restricted smallholder farming contexts.

Guest Editorial Special Issue on Sensor Technologies for Connected Cars: Devices, Systems and Modeling

Vehicular accidents are a major global problem, leading to human injury, damages to property, financial losses and other negative impacts on the general public. In most cases, vehicular accidents are caused by avoidable human error and improper driving practices. With recent advances in sensing technologies, self-driving, connected cars and autonomous vehicles are becoming more and more practicable. The sensor data contribution to the peer to peer vehicle sharing system reduces occurrences of road accidents by the use of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) interaction, along with use of sensors for maintaining safe driving distances and pre-empting accidents. Sensor technology in connected cars also improves the overall driving experience by using vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) interaction. This enables the reception of warnings from a network of roadside units, functioning as stationary waypoints and the relaying of warnings messages and information regarding availability of crucial services. Such information is particularly beneficial to users in remote areas where it cannot be obtained reliably through conventional communication channels.

New forms of citizen participation using SNS: an empirical approach

This study empirically examined whether the use of social networking sites (SNSs) for political purposes would encourage personalized and informal modes of participation more strongly than traditional and institutional modes of participation. Multiple regression analysis was applied to data collected from a nationwide online survey conducted among Nielson Korean Click panel members in September 2015. The study found that SNS use for political purposes strengthened individualized and informal forms of citizen participation—such as online volunteering, offline political participation, involvement in informal civic organizations, and participation in conventional political organizations—rather than traditional and formal forms, including voting. This finding suggests that the development of information and communication technology has helped citizens, especially those who feel alienated in a representative democracy, to participate in a more direct and interactive manner through informal and everyday communication channels, such as SNS, as opposed to participating in a formal and sporadic manner through conventional communication channels.

Partially Observable Markov Decision Process-Based Transmission Policy over Ka-Band Channels for Space Information Networks

The Ka-band and higher Q/V band channels can provide an appealing capacity for the future deep-space communications and Space Information Networks (SIN), which are viewed as a primary solution to satisfy the increasing demands for high data rate services. However, Ka-band channel is much more sensitive to the weather conditions than the conventional communication channels. Moreover, due to the huge distance and long propagation delay in SINs, the transmitter can only obtain delayed Channel State Information (CSI) from feedback. In this paper, the noise temperature of time-varying rain attenuation at Ka-band channels is modeled to a two-state Gilbert–Elliot channel, to capture the channel capacity that randomly ranging from good to bad state. An optimal transmission scheme based on Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDP) is proposed, and the key thresholds for selecting the optimal transmission method in the SIN communications are derived. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme can effectively improve the throughput.

Sustainable Retailing – Influencing Consumer Behaviour on Food Waste

AbstractThe aim of this research was to examine the influence of a UK national retailer on its customers' food waste behaviour. Using six communication channels (in‐store magazine, e‐newsletter, Facebook site, product stickers and in‐store demonstrations), Asda presented standard food waste reduction messages to its customers during two time limited periods in 2014 and 2015. Six national surveys over 21 months tracked customers' self‐reported food waste. Our results showed that the combined communication channels and repeated messages over time had a significant effect on reducing food waste of customers. Surprisingly, customers who said they did not recall seeing the messages also reduced their food waste, showing the wider influence of interventions. Those who saw a food waste reduction message saved an estimated £81 annually from reducing food waste. The main conclusion of this paper is that retailers can influence the pro‐environmental behaviour of customers using conventional communication channels; however, repeat messages are needed in order to have a long‐term impact. © 2017 The Authors. Business Strategy and the Environment published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons Ltd

Two-step Holographic Imaging Method based on Single-pixel Compressive Imaging

We propose an experimental holographic imaging scheme combining compressive sensing (CS) theory with digital holography in phase-shifting conditions. We use the Mach-Zehnder interferometer for hologram formation, and apply the compressive sensing (CS) approach to the holography acquisition process. Through projecting the hologram pattern into a digital micro-mirror device (DMD), finally we will acquire the compressive sensing measurements using a photodiode. After receiving the data of two holograms via conventional communication channel, we reconstruct the original object using certain signal recovery algorithms of CS theory and hologram reconstruction techniques, which demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed method.

Knowledge network of scientific claims derived from a semantic publication system1

Currently, the conventional communication channel for reporting scientific results is Web electronic publishing of scientific articles in paper print formats, such as PDFs. The emergence of the Semantic Web and Linked Data environment provides new op

Design of a secure distance-bounding channel for RFID

Distance bounding is often proposed as a countermeasure to relay attacks and distance fraud in RFID proximity identification systems. Although several distance-bounding protocols have been proposed the security of these proposals are dependent on the underlying communication channel. Conventional communication channels have been shown to be inappropriate for implementing distance bounding, as these channels introduce latency that can be exploited to obscure attempted attacks. Distance-bounding channels for RFID tokens have been proposed but have failed to address distance fraud or have not been practically implemented in an RFID environment. This paper describes a near-field, bit-exchange channel design that minimizes latency and allows for more secure distance-bounding measurements, while still allowing for a resource-constrained prover. Results from a proof-of-concept implementation is also presented, which illustrates that a channel that is resistant to both relay attacks and distance fraud is feasible in current RFID systems.