Conventional Bulbs Research Articles

Development of True Shallot Seed Technology as an Effort to Increase Red Onion (Allium Cepa L.) Production in Galung Lombok Village, Polewali Mandar, West Sulawesi

This community service aims to improve the capacity of shallot farmers in Galung Village, Lombok, Polewali Mandar, in implementing True Shallot Seed (TSS) technology as an effort to increase shallot (Allium cepa L.) production. The use of TSS is an innovation that can increase harvest yields and reduce the risk of disease spread, which is often carried by conventional bulbs. The activity method includes focus group discussions (FGD) to understand participant readiness, preparation of extension materials, and implementation of extension that includes an introduction to the TSS method and comparison with traditional cultivation techniques. Evaluation was carried out with a pre-test and post-test to assess the increase in participant understanding. The evaluation results showed an increase in the average score from 41.63 in the pre-test to 76.08 in the post-test, reflecting an increase in understanding of 82.75%. Further analysis showed that age and farming experience factors did not significantly affect the increase in participant understanding. In conclusion, this program has succeeded in increasing farmer knowledge in TSS-based shallot cultivation techniques, which have the potential to support the sustainability of shallot production and strengthen farmers' economic resilience in the future. It is hoped that the TSS method can be applied more widely through the demonstration plot system to increase farmer confidence in adopting this technology

Influence of direct and staggered sowing of pelleted onion (Allium cepa) seeds on various seed yield parameters under Asian mid-hill conditions

The experiment was conducted during 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh to study the impact of precision planting (using pelleted seeds) and sowing dates on the numerous attributes of the onion (Allium cepa L.) variety Palam Lohit. The study was carried out with the objective to determine whether direct seed sowing would lead to successful seed production in onion under mid-hill conditions (which is not the conventional practice). Also, the staggered sowing dates would help to determine the best sowing time for higher seed production. The experiment was laid in randomized block design (Factorial) (F-RBD) with 3 replications having 19 treatments, including 3 pelleting treatments, viz. P1 (wood ash); P2 (ZnSO4 + wood ash); and P3 (H3BO3 + wood ash); 6 sowing dates, viz. D1 (15th September); D2 (1st October); D3 (15th October); D4 (1st November); D5 (15th November); and D6 (1st December); and Da (traditional bulb planting as control). The study revealed that seed pelleting with ZnSO4 + wood ash and early sowing (15th September) gave best results in terms of emergence (%), plant height, number of seeds/umbel and number of seeds/plant, seed yield and 1000-seed weight. The direct sowing treatments produced seeds in one year as opposed to two years using the conventional bulb planting method, which is traditionally being used in the Asian mid-hills.

Percentage of mesh reduction appropriate for designing digital obturator prostheses on personal computers

Statement of problemComputer-aided design (CAD) of maxillofacial prostheses is a hardware-intensive process. The greater the mesh detail is, the more processing power is required from the computer. A reduction in mesh quality has been shown to reduce workload on computers, yet no reference value of reduction is present for intraoral prostheses that can be applied during the design. PurposeThe purpose of this simulation study was to establish a reference percentage value that can be used to effectively reduce the size and polygons of the 3D mesh without drastically affecting the dimensions of the prosthesis itself. Material and methodsFifteen different maxillary palatal defects were simulated on a dental cast and scanned to create 3D casts. Digital bulbs were fabricated from the casts. Conventional bulbs for the defects were fabricated, scanned, and compared with the digital bulb to serve as a control. The polygon parameters of digital bulbs were then reduced by different percentages (75%, 50%, 25%, 10%, 5%, and 1% of the original mesh) which created a total of 105 meshes across 7 mesh groups. The reduced mesh files were compared individually with the original design in an open-source point cloud comparison software program. The parameters of comparison used in this study were Hausdorff distance (HD), Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), and volume. ResultsThe reduction in file size was directly proportional to the amount of mesh reduction. There were minute yet insignificant differences in volume (P>.05) across all mesh groups, with significant differences (P<.001) in HD. The differences were, however, only found with DB1. DSC showed a progressive dissimilarity until DB25 (0.17%), after which the increase was more prominent (0.46% to 4.02%). ConclusionsA reduction of up to 75% polygons (25% of the original mesh) was effectively carried out on simulated casts without substantially affecting the amount of similarity in volume and geometry.

Effect of artificial light source on pigments, thiocyanates and ascorbic acid content in kale sprouts (Brassica oleracea L. var. Sabellica L.).

The aim of the study was to assess the effect of incandescent, fluorescent, and LED (RGB (red, green, blue), white cold, white warm) lighting on characteristics of kale sprouts. The highest concentrations of chlorophylls, β-carotene, lutein, neoxanthin and violaxanthin were found in cotyledons of sprouts growing in RGB LED light. These had the largest proportion of cotyledons to the mass of plants and the highest content of ascorbic acid. The highest contents of protein and total thiocyanates were observed in sprouts cultivated in incandescent light, followed by plants growing under RGB LED light. The application of a conventional bulb led to the lowest yield as well as the smallest amounts of chlorophylls, β-carotene, lutein and neoxanthin in fresh mass of cotyledons. Of the light sources used, RGB LED treatment allowed plants with the highest content of most of the examined compounds to be obtained.

Single Stage Isolated Zeta Converter (SS-IZC) Circuit with Improved Power Factor for LED’s Application

Light emitting diode specifically White LED has gain a lot of attention from both academics and industrial sector due to its high efficiency, environmental friendly, and long lifecycle. This is a feasible alternative for conventional bulbs and tubes in domestic, industrial and commercial lighting. However, implementation of this new source requires various parametric regulation. This proposed single stage isolated zeta converter (SS-IZC), with power factor correction maintains constant output for the load of 36 Watts LED, and follow the IEC61000-3-2 standard. The proposed SS-IZC is operating in DCM and controlled with PWM (Pulse width modulation), for power factor improvement and low THD, and obtain more than 0.9 power factor and THD less than ten percentages.

Performance evaluation of a bulb turbine designed for ultra-low head applications

Hydropower is one of the most common forms of clean source of electricity and forms an important source of power for a country like India. This paper is aimed to design mini-hydropower which utilizes ultra-low head and can be used for decentralized power generation and utilization for remote villages. In order to achieve this purpose an axial flow turbine without any guide vanes is designed. This design process is adopted because the presence of inlet guide vanes in the conventional bulb turbines may pose maintenance problem of clogging and also the design is not fish friendly. Another aspect of micro- or mini-hydropower is the non-availability of large reservoirs and there is likelihood that these turbines may be installed as a run-of-the-river type with some seasonal variation of flow rate. The turbine efficiency should be as much as insensitive to the variation in flow rate as possible. In our work, the turbine is expected to produce a relatively flat efficiency flow rate-curve over a range of flow rates. The peak efficiency obtained is about 74%. There is a need to improve the peak efficiency and hence loss analysis is carried out. It was found that the swirling flow in the draft tube downstream of the turbine contributes to a monotonic increase in loss with an increase in flow rate.

English

English

Study of Energy Saving in a Commercial Setup by Replacing Conventional Bulbs with LED Lights

In every walk of life, technology or household errands, commercial sector or Health sector everywhere energy is playing vital role and is the key to progress. Macroscopic analysis of worldwide energy utilization reveals that Lighting accounts for almost 20% of over-all power consumption. The demand for energy is incrementing swiftly over time with increase in populace, transmutation in life style, and advancement in technology. This urging call for sustainable energy resources to meet the ever escalating need has led to energy calamity which is the most imminent and colossal menace for economic stability of underdeveloped countries like Pakistan and is acting as a vacuum to inhibit the economic as well as social prosperity of the country. Several efforts have been made to fetch instant remedies and design long term plans to cope up with these alarming circumstances. While enlisting the possible solutions to this agitating situation, undoubtedly ‘energy conservation’ thrives at the top. Substantial energy savings can be achieved by reducing energy consumption by artificial lighting which has potential of energy preserving by utilizing efficient lighting technologies such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). A case study is conducted for a commercial setup to compare the performance, appropriateness and financial effects of conventional bulbs and LED.

Recent progress in direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs

Purpose – This paper aims to use a survey of techniques to present the patterning of electric circuitry on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Second, a proposal of a new technology for direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs, using a digital micromirror device (DMD) is presented. Design/methodology/approach – In this proposal, the DMD chip was incorporated into a prototype system for exposure of soldermask pattern for a mass scale production. As a light source, 52 semiconductor UV lasers were combined together to deliver UV powerful beam onto the DMD chip area. Findings – A laser beam power of around 9 W was achieved from a single exposure head. With five exposure heads installed into a single machine, it is possible to expose 1,400 PCB panels per day. Such a production rate from a single exposure machine satisfies the demands of biggest PCB factories. Research limitations/implications – The Gaussian energy distribution of the laser beam from the 52-lasers head on the PCB surface was experimentally found. Because the exposure image needs to be highly uniform, this made a problem when the printed circuitry quality is considered. This problem was solved by using a software algorithm. Practical implications – The use of UV lasers exposure heads brings economical advantages over conventional bulb UV lamps. The power consumption drops down ten times for lasers source. Social implications – Because the exposure processing can be made with lower electric costs and higher yield, it will make the PCBs cheaper. Originality/value – At present, the idea of collecting a great number of lasers as a UV source for exposure head is attractive solution.

Case Study of Energy Saving in an Industrial Setup by Replacing Conventional Bulbs with LED Lights

Lighting accounts for roughly one-fifth of global electricity consumption. The demand for energy is increasing day by day with increase in population, change in life style, and change in technology. This growing demand led to energy crisis which is the biggest threat for economic stability for developing countries like Pakistan. This crisis has badly affected the everyday life and industry. To overcome energy shortfall one solution is to focus on energy conservation. Significant energy savings can be achieved by reducing energy consumption by artificial lighting which has potential of energy saving by using efficient lighting technologies such as Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs). A case study is carried out for an industrial setup to compare the performance, suitability and financial effects of conventional bulbs and LED lights in an industrial setup. A new lighting scheme has been designed by using DIALux 4.11 simulation software based on international standards of Illuminating Engineering Society of North America (IESNA).The conventional bulbs on the shop floor has been replaced with LED lights as per software design. After hardware installation it is revealed that by adopting this lighting scheme there is 45% of energy savings and user satisfaction with financial savings of Rs. 912,711 per year having 3.78 years pay back period that justifies use of LEDs as per proposed lightning design for general lighting applications.

LED광원을 활용한 미세조류의 배양

미세조류는 이산화탄소를 제거하고 산업적으로 유용한 다양한 이차 대사물질을 생산해 내는 광합성 미생물로 생물산업분야에서 주목 받고 있는 유용한 자원이다. 이러한 미세조류를 실내에서 효과적으로 배양하기 위해서는 무엇보다도 효율적인 광원이 필수적이다. 최근 발달하는 LED광원은 광원의 크기가 작고, 에너지 효율이 우수하며, 특정 파장만 조사할 수 있다는 점 등의 다른 인공광원과 차별되는 많은 장점을 가지고 있다. LED광원을 미세조류의 배양에 적용하는 연구는 최근에 와서야 점차 시도되고 있는 실정이며, 아직까지 실험실 규모의 실험과 대표적인 특정 종 위주의 결과들만 나오고 있어, LED광원을 미세조류의 산업적인 배양에 적용하기 위해서는 더 많은 세부적인 연구 결과가 요구된다. 하지만 LED 조명을 미세조류 배양 분야에 적용하는 것은 효과적인 접근으로 생각되며, BT(Bio Technology) 산업에 새로운 지평을 열 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본고에서는 최근 연구되고 있는 LED광원을 이용한 미세조류의 배양 현황 및 그 가능성에 대해서 조사하고, 향후 나아갈 방향에 대해서 기술해 보았다. Microalgae have been considered as a promising microorganism in the field of bio-industry due to their abilities to fix carbon dioxide as well as biosynthesize valuable secondary metabolites. Of many lighting sources for microalgal cultivation, LED (Lighting Emitting Diode) has been emerged as the appropriate choice with multiple advantages over the conventional bulbs. However, it is only in recent years that we have witnessed the possibility of application of LED into microalgae cultivation system. LED will serve as an evolutionary lighting source for microalgae cultivation system and open the frontier for integrative bio-industries. In this paper, we present the comprehensive review on the recent trends of LED applications into microalgal biotechnology.

New bulb turbine with counter-rotating tandem-runner

With the increasing demand for the clean sustainable power, the turbine design urgently turns to increase the capability significantly toward higher head for generating larger power. Currently, there are many studies in the field of the bulb turbine with single-stage runner, though reports about counter-rotating tandem-runner are rare. However, the further high-head application with the single-stage runner is very difficult to achieve due to the limit of the specific speed. In this paper, a new bulb turbine with the tandem-runner is designed in order to substantially increase the applicable limit toward higher head with larger power. A half of the net head is absorbed by the frontal runner which can generate output power, while the remaining half is absorbed by the rear runner. To generate the Euler energy required for the rear runner, the frontal runner has the counter-rotation against the rear runner so that the counter-rotating tandem-runner can meet the purpose of double head and power under the same size as the conventional bulb turbine. Supply and demand of Euler energy between the two runners are thoroughly optimized through the detailed flow analysis, in order to secure the stable operation. As a result, the interference of Euler energies between the outflow from the frontal runner and the inflow to the rear runner is confirmed to be very small on the counter-rotating interface between the two runners. The prediction method of on-cam performance between the two adjustable runners is also developed numerically, which provides optimal flow between the two runners. This research provides a theoretical basis for the optimal design and operation of the counter-rotating tandem-runner bulb turbines.

Laryngoscope Induced Thermal Injuries in Neonates: Something to Watch Out for

Background and Aims:During intubation injuries may occur to the patient either due to wrong intubation technique or faulty equipment. Injuries due to faulty equipment are less frequently documented than faulty technique. Thermal injuries induced by the heat of laryngoscope bulbs are very rare phenomena, only sporadically mentioned in the literature for adults. In neonates, so far only one case was described with oropharyngeal burn after intubation. Methods: We did a biomedical analysis of the available laryngoscope bulbs to determine the risk of heat induced injuries during intubations. Our local medical engineering department carried out temperature measurements on all three presently available laryngoscopes on our neonatal unit. 3 types of blades/bulbs were analysed-non disposable fibre optic, disposable conventional and LED bulb laryngoscopes Measurements were performed under standardised conditions measuring first the baseline temperature (T0) at the tip of the light source before switching it on and after activation in the time intervals of 10 seconds (T10), 30 seconds, (T30), 1 minute (T60), 2 minutes (T120) and 3 minutes (T180). Results: The mean temperature rise in the group of disposable conventional bulb laryngoscopes was significantly higher than in the fibre optic/disposable LED laryngoscopes. Figure Conclusions: We therefore recommend using disposable LED blades which have significantly lower temperature rise as compared to conventional bulbs thereby decreasing the risk of thermal burns during intubations.

A comparison of tungsten-quartz-halogen, plasma arc and light-emitting diode light sources for the polymerization of an orthodontic adhesive

This study investigated whether there were differences between the debond stress and adhesive remnant index (ARI) of an adhesive cured with three different orthodontic light sources. Sixty sound premolar teeth were divided into three groups of 20. A standard pre-adjusted edgewise premolar bracket (Victory Series) was bonded to each tooth using a light-cured orthodontic adhesive, Transbond X. Group 1 (control) specimens were cured with an Ortholux XT (tungsten-quartz-halogen bulb) light for 20 seconds, group 2 with an Ortho lite (plasma arc) for 6 seconds and group 3 with an Ortholux LED light-emitting diode for 10 seconds. The specimens were debonded 24 hours later using a universal mechanical testing machine, operating at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm minute(-1). The Weibull modulus and a Logrank test showed no statistically significant differences between the three groups for debond stress. The ARI was assessed at x10 magnification. The ARI scores for group 2 were significantly different (P < 0.01) from those of groups 1 and 3 (between which there was no significant difference). For group 2 there was a greater tendency for failure to occur at the adhesive/tooth interface than for the other two groups. There appears to be no reason why any of the three types of light source cannot be used in orthodontics. Polymerization, as effective as that produced by conventional bulb light sources, was obtained with the short exposure times recommended for the plasma arc or light-emitting diode sources.

Thermoplastic resin used to modify an alveolar orthopedic prosthesis in a patient with cleft lip before cheiloplasty: A clinical report

Correction of cleft lip and cleft palate is a multidisciplinary team effort. Severe bilateral clefts with protruded and rotated premaxillae may complicate surgical correction. Prosthetic intervention to reposition segments before surgical correction may improve the bony base for tissue molding and avoid excess tension at the surgical site. A conventional bulb prosthesis with bonnet and straps is often used as an extraoral device to retract a protruded premaxilla for severe cleft patients before cheiloplasty. Sometimes, because of lack of retention, stability, patient compliance, and controllable forces from a bonnet and straps, movement of the premaxillae to a desirable position is difficult to achieve. The use of thermoplastic resin to modify a bulb prosthesis as described in this clinical report is a simple method to provide good retention for the bulb prosthesis and to move a laterally displaced premaxillae to the facial midline. The wedging effect created by the thermoplastic resin generated "compressive forces" to the premaxilla that was more controllable than the pulling forces created by the bonnet and straps therapy. Thermoplastic resin is also a better material than a conventional chemically polymerized acrylic resin in dealing with an infant's delicate mucosa before cheiloplasty.

Light emission moves into the blue

Light-Emitting devices based on semiconductors have had a huge impact on modern technologies. The brightness and durability of light-emitting diodes make them ideal for displays, while semiconductor lasers have been used in everything from optical communications systems to compact disc players. But these applications have been limited by the lack of materials that can emit blue light efficiently. Full-colour displays, for example, require at least three colours, usually red, green and blue, to produce any visible colour. Such a combination is also needed to make a white light-emitting device that would be more durable and use less power than conventional bulbs or fluorescent lamps.

Narrowband UV-B produces superior clinical and histopathological resolution of moderate-to-severe psoriasis in patients compared with broadband UV-B

Objective : To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of daily exposure to narrowband (NB) UV-B vs broadband (BB) UV-B with and without tar. Design: Half-body exposures to NB UV-B or BB UV-B were given daily for 4 weeks in this comparative treatment study. Narrowband UV-B was delivered from TL-01 fluorescent bulbs and BB UV-B from conventional bulbs in the same phototherapy cabinet. Narrowband UV-B was compared using a paired treatment approach to BB UV-B above the waist and to BB UV-B with tar (Goeckerman treatment) below the waist. Setting: General clinical research center of a university hospital inpatient unit. Patients: Twenty-two patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis completed the study. main Outcome Measures: Clinical efficacy was measured weekly using psoriasis severity scoring. Therapeutic outcomes after 4 weeks were compared in paired biopsy samples from treated lesions using objective histopathological measures (quantitative reduction in epidermal acanthosis and keratin 16 expression). Results: Clinical resolution of psoriasis was achieved on 86% of paired sites treated with NB UV-B vs 73% treated with BB UV-B. Histopathological resolution of epidermal hyperplasia (marked by keratin 16 expression) was achieved in 88% of lesions treated with NB UV-B vs 59% treated with BB UV-B. Epidermal acanthosis was reduced more completely by NB UV-B treatment. Clinical resolution of psoriatic lesions occurred more rapidly following NB UV-B treatment, with some patients achieving complete resolution after 2 to 3 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Narrowband UV-B offers a significant therapeutic advantage over BB UV-B in the treatment of psoriasis, with faster clearing and more complete disease resolution. The erythema response to NB UV-B treatment was significantly more intense and persistent compared with BB UV-B. Considerably more necrotic keratinocytes were observed in histopathological sections of skin treated with NB UV-B after a single 2.0-minimum erythema dose exposure. Treatment should be coupled with obligate minimum erythema dose testing to NB UV-B and close clinical observation during dose increases.

Narrowband UV-B Produces Superior Clinical and Histopathological Resolution of Moderate-to-Severe Psoriasis in Patients Compared With Broadband UV-B2

To compare the therapeutic effectiveness of daily exposure to narrowband (NB) UV-B vs broadband (BB) UV-B with and without tar. Half-body exposures to NB UV-B or BB UV-B were given daily for 4 weeks in this comparative treatment study. Narrowband UV-B was delivered from TL-01 fluorescent bulbs and BB UV-B from conventional bulbs in the same phototherapy cabinet. Narrowband UV-B was compared using a paired treatment approach to BB UV-B above the waist and to BB UV-B with tar (Goeckerman treatment) below the waist. General clinical research center of a university hospital inpatient unit. Twenty-two patients with moderate-to-severe plaque-type psoriasis completed the study. Clinical efficacy was measured weekly using psoriasis severity scoring. Therapeutic outcomes after 4 weeks were compared in paired biopsy samples from treated lesions using objective histopathological measures (quantitative reduction in epidermal acanthosis and keratin 16 expression). Clinical resolution of psoriasis was achieved on 86% of paired sites treated with NB UV-B vs 73% treated with BB UV-B. Histopathological resolution of epidermal hyperplasia (marked by keratin 16 expression) was achieved in 88% of lesions treated with NB UV-B vs 59% treated with BB UV-B. Epidermal acanthosis was reduced more completely by NB UV-B treatment. Clinical resolution of psoriatic lesions occurred more rapidly following NB UV-B treatment, with some patients achieving complete resolution after 2 to 3 weeks of treatment. Narrowband UV-B offers a significant therapeutic advantage over BB UV-B in the treatment of psoriasis, with faster clearing and more complete disease resolution. The erythema response to NB UV-B treatment was significantly more intense and persistent compared with BB UV-B. Considerably more necrotic keratinocytes were observed in histopathological sections of skin treated with NB UV-B after a single 2.0-minimum erythema dose exposure. Treatment should be coupled with obligate minimum erythema dose testing to NB UV-B and close clinical observation during dose increases.