Conventional Air Conditioning Research Articles

Thermodynamic performance assessment of a solar-driven desiccant evaporative air cooling system (SDEAC) for outdoor environments- a dynamic study

In this work, a novel dynamic model of a solar-driven desiccant evaporative air cooling system for outdoor environments is proposed, namely the SDEAC system. The effects of operating and designing parameters on the performance of the SDEAC system are analyzed. The results indicate that the sensible cooling capacity, the latent cooling capacity, and the COP decrease monotonically as the rotational speed of the desiccant wheel increases. When the ratio of dehumidification area to total area (r1) is 0.5, the performance of the SDEAC system is optimal under the condition of sufficient solar radiation. The ratio of the dehumidified air flowrate to the regenerated air flowrate has a small effect on the cooling capacity but has a large effect on the COP. The SDEAC system has a higher sensible cooling capacity and total cooling capacity compared to the EAC system. Moreover, although the COP of the SDEAC is lower than that of the EAC system, it is still maintained at a relatively high level. The SDEAC system with a supply air flowrate of 670 m3/h to cool the outdoor air saves about 1283∼1617 kWh of electricity and 788 kg–1139 kg of carbon emission reduction compared to a conventional vapor compression air conditioning system in different cities during the period of June to August.

IoT-driven monitoring and controlling to improve performance of thermoelectric air conditioning system

Thermoelectric module-based air conditioners (TEM-AC) are scalable, reliable, and have the potential to replace conventional air conditioners. However, the coefficient of performance (COP) of TEM-AC is still relatively low. Improving the COP requires a combination of temperature control, voltage control, heat recovery, airflow control, and material selection. The present study focuses on enhancing COP of the TEM-AC for building space cooling. To control and monitor the parameters of the TEM-AC, a low-cost, IoT-enabled monitoring and controlling system (MCS) is developed. The MCS helps in TEM-AC system designing as it can apply different current pulses to improve cooling capacity and control the temperature difference between both surfaces. MCS also measure all the required parameters of the TEM-AC to calculate the COP of the system and helps in reducing the calculation time for each experiment. Using a developed technique and TEM-AC design, a performance comparison of eight experimental cases has been done. Experiments have been performed in normal and control modes with different heat sinks and airflow of TEM-AC. The TEM-AC system is installed over a 16-inch × 12-inch enclosed space with a TEC-12706 module. The study indicates the COP of the system is enhanced by controlling the cold side temperature and air flow rate. For this study, maximum COP is achieved around 0.44 with control operation. The developed IoT-based monitoring and controlling system offers a promising solution for improving the performance of thermoelectric modules in building space conditioning applications.

Evaluation of energy performance and environmental benefits for transcritical CO2 thermal system in high-speed trains

The conventional air conditioning system used in high-speed railways has limitations in heating performance and environmental impact, necessitating the exploration of alternative refrigerants. The transcritical CO2 system has gained popularity due to its exceptional heating efficiency and environmental benefits. This study aims to evaluate the energy and environmental potentials for transcritical CO2 systems in high-speed trains based on four-vertical-and-four-horizontal railway lines within different climatic regions of China. A high-fidelity transcritical CO2 system model was first developed and validated through experiments. Then, a comprehensive energy and environmental evaluation method was proposed and applied to the four-vertical-and-four-horizontal railway lines. The results indicated that the transcritical CO2 system had a superior heating performance and competitive cooling performance based on daily and annual operations. Furthermore, the transcritical CO2 system exhibited significant environmental advantages with lower total life cycle climate performance for all lines, with an average emissions reduction ratio of 17.6% and a maximum emissions reduction ratio of 26.98%. These findings highlight the competitive energy performance and outstanding environmental benefits offered by transcritical CO2 systems as promising alternatives to air conditioning systems in railway transportation.

Energy Geo-structures: a review of their integration with other sources and its limitations

Ground Source Heat Pumps, in the framework of Shallow Geothermal Energy Systems, outperform conventional Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning systems, even the high efficiency Air Source Heat Pumps. At the same time, though, they require considerably higher installation costs. The utilization of dwellings' foundations as ground heat exchanger components has recently demonstrated the potential to generate significant cost reductions primarily attributed to the reduction in expenses associated with drilling and backfill material (grout). These elements are referred to in the literature as Thermo-Active Structures or Energy Geo-structures (EGs). The current study employs a ‘mixed studies’ review (i.e., literature review, critical review and state-of-the-art review) methodology to comprehensively examine and assess the compatibility and integration of different renewable energy sources and environmentally friendly technologies with foundation elements deployed as EGs. These mainly include heat pumps, district heating and cooling networks, solar-thermal systems, waste heat, biomass and other types such as urban structures. Emphasis has been given on the advancement on this area, with the current study identifying and addressing two primary categories. The first category involves the integration of EG elements with sources that are able to supply green electricity, referring to renewable energy electricity obtained from on-grid or off-grid integration. The second category, involves a direct or indirect integration with sources that provide heat, or vice versa. The technical and non-technical barriers of such integrations have been discussed in detail, with the technical challenges generally involving engineering design, and system optimization, whereas non-technical challenges encompassing the economic, social, and policy domains.

Design optimization of the cooling systems with PCM-to-air heat exchanger for the energy saving of the residential buildings

Driven by a rapid surge in cooling demand in buildings, the energy consumption dedicated to cooling has experienced remarkable growth. To address this challenge, the adoption of latent heat thermal energy storage utilizing phase change materials (PCM) has gained significant momentum in recent years. This paper presents the design and evaluation of an integrated latent heat thermal energy storage (ILHTES) system tailored for residential buildings. This system integrates a PCM-to-air heat exchanger (PAHX) with an air conditioning unit. Modelica language is utilized to develop a numerical model for the ILHTES system. The heat transfer model of the PAHX is developed and validated using existing literature data. To simulate the dynamic behavior and energy consumption of the residential building, the open-source library AixLib is adopted. The developed ILHTES system model is used for the optimization of key design variables, including the PCM slab thickness and air flow rate, based on the results of long-term simulations covering the entire cooling season. Evaluation of the energy saving potential of the optimized ILHTES systems is carried out in comparison to conventional air conditioning systems, considering various climatic conditions in five European cities. The results highlight the profound impact of PCM types on the Energy Saving Ratio (ESR) throughout the entire cooling season. Among the four commercially available PCMs examined—RT27, RT25, RT20, and RT18—RT25 consistently outperforms the others. Across all five cities investigated, using RT25 leads to a minimum ESR of 16% in Catania and a maximum ESR of 44.7% in Stockholm for the entire cooling season.

Numerical modeling of a confined falling liquid film sheared by a gas flow in a plate heat exchanger of an NH3/H20 absorption chiller

In recent years, the demand for cooling has seen a substantial increase, primarily due to rising summertime temperatures. Conventional mechanical compression air conditioners have played a predominant role in fulfilling this demand, albeit at the cost of significant electricity consumption. In response, absorption chillers have emerged as an eco-friendly alternative, powered by sustainable heat sources like solar energy or industrial waste heat. The present work is conducted within the framework of developing compact absorption chillers incorporating plate heat exchangers. It builds upon prior research by improving an existing numerical model for falling film plate heat exchangers within an NH3/H2O absorption chiller. This former numerical model evaluates the coupled heat and mass transfer between the liquid film and the vapor flow while excluding hydrodynamic interactions at the liquid-vapor interface. The current investigation aims to address compactness and cost-efficiency limitations in absorption chillers. The consequences of operation within confined spaces were numerically evaluated. An innovative analytical model was developed to quantify the influence of the interactions at the liquid-vapor interface. Shear stress and interfacial perturbations were considered compared to the classical Nusselt model, enabling the evaluation of the changes in the average film thickness and the flooding phenomenon. This analytical model was then added to the previously developed heat and mass transfer model. The numerical model was applied to both the desorber and absorber units. The results show that increased confinement has minimal effects on the transfer coefficients. Additionally, an approach is suggested for estimating flooding in confined spaces and the results are compared with various correlations available in the literature.

Geothermal Heat Pump for Space Cooling and Heating in Kuwaiti Climate

Kuwait stands as one of the hottest locations globally, experiencing scorching temperatures that can soar to 50 °C during the summer months. Conversely, in the winter months of December and January, temperatures may plummet to less than 10 °C. Maintaining a comfortable temperature indoors necessitates a substantial amount of energy, particularly during the scorching summer seasons. In Kuwait, most of the electrical energy required for functions such as air conditioning and lighting is derived from fossil fuel resources, contributing to escalating air pollution and global warming. To reduce dependence on conventional energy sources for heating and cooling, this article presents a case study to explore the potential of using geothermal energy for space heating and cooling in Kuwait. The case study involves utilizing a geothermal heat pump (water-sourced heat pump) in conjunction with a vertical-borehole ground heat exchanger (VBGHE). The mentioned system is deployed to regulate the climate in a six-floor apartment block comprising a small two-bedroom apartment on each level, each with a total floor area of 57 m2. Two geothermal heat pumps, each with a cooling capacity of 2.58 kW and a heating capacity of 2.90 kW, connected to two vertical-borehole heat exchangers, were deployed for each apartment to maintain temperatures at 22 °C in winter and 26 °C in summer. The findings indicate that the estimated annual energy loads for cooling and heating for the apartment block are 42,758 kWh and 113 kWh, respectively. The corresponding electrical energy consumption amounted to 9294 kWh for space cooling and 113 kWh for space heating. The observed peak cooling load was approximately 9300 kJ/h (2.58 kW) per apartment, resulting in a power density of 45 W/m2. Moreover, the HP system achieved a 22% reduction in annual electric energy consumption compared to conventional air conditioning systems. This reduction in electric energy usage led to an annual CO2 reduction of 6.6 kg/m2.

An experimental investigation on the novel hybrid indirect direct evaporative cooling system

The Evaporative Cooling Technology has revived in the past few decades owing to the gradual shift of economies towards investing in sustainable cooling systems which has led to many governments defining sustainability targets in reducing GHG emissions and achieving climate neutrality with many EU countries aiming to reach net zero emissions by 2050. The major contribution towards GHGs are the conventional air conditioning systems which incorporate energy intensive compressor units and refrigerants as working fluids. A great deal of research has been done on the Evaporative Cooling Technology particularly, the DEC – Direct Evaporative Cooling systems due to their cost-effectiveness, design simplicity and feasibility. The present study proposes a HIDEC – Hybrid Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling System as an alternative to the conventional vapor compression systems which is unique considering its compact and two in one design incorporating both Indirect and Direct Cooling Channels in a single system. The HIDEC Experimental System is developed passing through the stages of fabrication and design, followed by realtime testing in the hot and humid, and hot and dry sub tropical climatic conditions of Islamabad. The HIDEC Experimental System when operated in Dual Hybrid Mode provides a substantial supply air temperature drop to 24.8 °C with a maximum achievable COP of 35.2 and Cooling Capacity of 16.8 kW. The overall wet bulb effectiveness of the system elevates to 85%, whereas the dew point effectiveness reaches a maximum of 80%.

Experimental investigation of a photovoltaic solar air conditioning system and comparison with conventional unit in the context of the state of Piaui, Brazil

Globally the building sector is responsible for a big share of electric energy consumption and emissions. To alleviate these impacts it is necessary to improve the energy efficiency besides implementing renewable energy sources for building sector sustainability. PV panels for generating electric energy are most preferred by the sector. In the present study, two similar rooms were prepared one with a conventional air conditioner of the window type powered from the grid and the other is powered from PV panels. The heat load was calculated and used to define the conventional air conditioner and also to define the area of photovoltaic solar panels and the associated equipments to install a PV circuit for supplying electric energy to the PV air conditioner. Both rooms were equipped with calibrated instrumentation including thermocouples to measure the temperature distribution in rooms as well as electric energy consumption during the experiments. Ambient temperature, wind speed, temperature in the vicinity of the photovoltaic panels, humidity, solar radiation, voltage, current, flow of energy consumed by the systems were measured and registered by data acquisition system. Experiments were carried out with the systems working simultaneously at pre-defined times. The solar PV-based air conditioner consumed approximately 342 kWh during 30 days of experiments, while the air conditioner connected to the grid, consumed about 330 kWh, which is 5 % less than the solar PV air conditioner confirming that solar PV air conditioner is viable. The COP for the solar-based air conditioner is about 2.6 and the COP for conventional air conditioner is 2.9. The incident solar radiation is high and stable in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil which ensures viability of the solar PV air conditioner. The power supply from CC showed better quality and costs an AC system, and that PV System can save about $700.00 in energy consumption and the payback occurs in 3.7 years.

Optimization of solar and heat pump complementary powered desiccant air conditioning system

The effective utilization of renewable heat sources is critical for energy saving in desiccant air conditioning systems. A new solar and heat pump complementary powered desiccant air conditioning system is proposed. The system consists of a solar and water source heat pump complementary reheat subsystem, a two-stage desiccant wheel, a three-stage air cooler, and a two-stage heat pipe exchanger. Simulation are performed in the transient simulation software TRNSYS, and the particle swarm optimization and the Hooke Jeeves algorithm with life cycle cost as the objective function are applied to optimize the collector area, the heat storage tank volume and the water-source heat pump power. The results show that the monthly average coefficient of performance of the system is 5.1, 5.6, 5.5 and 4.8 in June, July, August and September, respectively. Compared to the conventional air conditioning system, the new system has a 58.4% reduction in operation cost and a payback period of 6.6 years. The CO2 emission reduction rate of the new system can reach 65.2% in July and 65.1% in August, while it is the lowest in September at 62.9%. Based on the above, the new system has better energy efficiency, economic and environmental benefits.

Numerical Study of an Evaporative Exchanger Based on Fired Clay

Evaporative air coolers are one of the alternatives to conventional air conditioners for cooling the air in the building. These systems consume less energy and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases. This work is a numerical study of an evaporative exchanger based on fired clay plates using COMSOL Multiphysics software. It was interested in hygrothermal transfers for air cooling. This study allowed to highlight the impact of the gap between the fired clay plates, the speed of the area as well as the air temperature at the inlet of the exchanger on the evolution of temperature and relative humidity of the air along the fired porous clay plates. The thermal efficiency of the exchanger was subsequently evaluated. This study allowed to note that there is a drop of 14 K along the porous plates of fired clay. Speed has an influence on outlet temperatures and relative humidity. For a speed of 0.2m/s, the temperature variation is 16 K and for speeds ranging from 2 m/s to 4m/s, the temperature variations are approximately 17 K. For gaps in porous plates of fired clay less than 2cm, the thermal efficiency varies 92% to 98%.

Thermodynamic Performance Assessment of Air Conditioner Combining Evaporative and Passive Cooling

Abstract The global increase in refrigeration and air conditioning applications poses a severe problem as regards the environmental degradation caused by greenhouse gas emissions. This study introduces a novel approach wherein both evaporative cooling and passive cooling are integrated to unveil notable enhancements in energy and exergy compared to conventional air conditioning systems. Therefore, this work aims to enhance the thermal performance of a 1.5-ton split air conditioner (SAC) employing outdoor (condenser) evaporative and indoor passive cooling (EPC). The heat removal capacity of a condenser and SAC performance are greatly affected by the air temperature at the condenser inlet. Evaporative cooling serves to lower outdoor air temperature, while passive cooling minimizes the indoor cooling load. Design parameters encompass outdoor temperature (Ta = 30–44 °C), relative humidity (RH = 20–80%), and temperature reduction due to passive cooling (ΔTR = 0.5–5 °C). A model is developed to calculate the temperature reductions of outdoor air through evaporative cooling in diverse climatic conditions, while the range of passive cooling degrees is obtained from previous experiments. Results indicate a substantial enhancement in the thermodynamic performance of the proposed system. The maximum coefficient of performance (COP) improvement of 68.66% is achieved at 44 °C outside temperature and 20% relative humidity. Annual energy savings, under extreme operating conditions, range from 358.4 kWh to 2116.8 kWh. The EPC SAC is identified as more sustainable than the conventional split air conditioner (CSAC). Moreover, the projected system is anticipated to recoup its costs within a relatively short period of 1.42 years.

A Centralized Cooling System As An Alternative To Conventional Air Conditioning: A Sustainable Transition Towards Green-Energy

Abstract: According to various studies, the cooling sector is a major energy consumer and a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. These studies will delve into advances in district cooling systems (DCS), their relationship to renewable energy sources, and innovative control strategies to improve efficiency. This review aims to highlight the potential of DCS compared to conventional cooling systems. A district cooling system works as a centralized system that provides thermal energy using chilled water to cool the space. DCS presents practical, environmental, and safety benefits. The assimilation of renewable energy technologies increases its sustainability. Treated wastewater is a medium for supplying thermal energy, especially for cooling and dehumidifying premises. In addition, solar photovoltaic energy, biomass energy, and geothermal energy are identified as suitable energy sources for DCS. The study suggests that district cooling systems that use renewable energy systems show considerable potential to provide sustainable and clean cooling energy for the future world.

Performance evaluation of wavy fin desiccant coated heat exchanger for hot and humid climatic conditions

The desiccant coated heat exchanger (DCHE) is a novel type of solid desiccant equipment that can simultaneously handle both latent and sensible loads. The systems based on DCHE are considered as an energy efficient alternative to dehumidification in conventional air conditioning. Hence, the present study proposes a novel wavy fin based DCHE which can perform better than plain fin configuration. The main objectives of this paper are (i) to numerically evaluate the heat and mass transfer characteristics of wavy fin DCHE and compare them with the plain fin type, (ii) to propose a novel method of estimating the effective cycle time for DCHE operation, and (iii) to identify the critical geometric and operating parameters influencing the performance of DCHE. The investigation reveals that the dehumidification capacity of the proposed wavy fin DCHE is 61% higher than that of the plain fin DCHE. Further, the dehumidification increases by 53% when the DCHE is operated on the proposed effective cycle time. In this work (i) a high performance DCHE based on wavy fin configuration is proposed, (ii) a methodology for determining and operating the DCHE on an effective cycle time is presented and (iii) an overview to choose a suitable geometric design for wavy fin DCHE in air conditioning applications is provided.

A novel compressor-ejector operating heat pump (CEO-HP) for separate sensible and latent cooling air-conditioning system

Decarbonization and electrification require advancing air source heat pumps for space cooling. Conventional air conditioning systems have a cooling coil and a reheater, which simultaneously handle the latent and sensible loads. This approach results in low energy efficiency, particularly for spaces with small sensible heat ratios where supply air should be reheated. Among several developed systems, separate sensible and latent cooling technology has been proposed to solve these issues by decoupling the latent and sensible loads. The present work proposes novel SSLC systems in which a compressor-ejector operating heat pump with two evaporators dissociates sensible and latent load. Moreover, two psychrometric air treatment arrangements are proposed and evaluated. A thermodynamic model is developed for the proposed compressor-ejector operating heat pump and air treatment arrangements to evaluate the energy efficiency of the proposed separate sensible and latent cooling systems compared to the conventional air conditioning system under the same operating conditions. Results indicate that the proposed separate sensible and latent cooling systems outperform the conventional system in terms of coefficient of performance when the room sensible heat ratio is less than 0.74. A 72% improvement in the coefficient of performance is estimated when the room sensible heat ratio is 0.6. Therefore, the proposed separate sensible and latent cooling systems would bring a significant reduction in operating costs, making them a good alternative to the conventional air conditioning system.

Thermal performance investigation of membrane-assisted radiant cooling system for localised outdoor cooling hub

Heat waves pose increasing threats to human well-being, especially in urban areas, and staying safe beyond comfort during heat waves is a crucial issue. Localised cooling hubs may provide thermal stress relief in the outdoor environment. For outdoor cooling applications, conventional air conditioning systems are not effective but energy-intensive, and the membrane-assisted radiant cooling system can be a potential alternative, which directly treats the radiant loads while minimising the convective heat loss to the ambient. In the present study, a numerical model is developed to analyse the heat transfer behavior of membrane-assisted radiant cooling for outdoor applications, considering the effect of solar and long-wave radiation and wind parameters. As the transmissivity of the membrane material plays a crucial role in reducing the amount of solar heat, the performances of three types of membranes, i.e., non-selective, mid-infrared selective, and sky-window selective, were compared and analysed at different times on a typical summer day in Hong Kong. The results indicate that the sky-window selective membrane, which allows only transmission of infrared in the 8–15 µm wavelength range, saves energy up to 44 % and 47% compared with mid-infrared selective and non-selective membranes, respectively. In the outdoor application, the equivalent convective heat transfer coefficient of the cooling panel can be reduced in the range of 2.2 W/m2K to 2.6 W/m2K. It is observed that, when the panel is not exposed to direct solar radiation, there is no advantage in using the mid-infrared selective membrane over the non-selective membrane. However, under direct solar radiation, a non-selective membrane-assisted cooling panel demonstrates poor performance, absorbing solar heat flux 2.27 times higher compared to MIR-selective membrane-assisted panel.

The Green Cooling Factor: Eco-Innovative Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning Solutions in Building Design

This research investigates the compatibility of conventional air conditioning with the principles of green building, highlighting the need for systems that enhance indoor comfort while aligning with environmental sustainability. Though proficient in regulating indoor temperatures, conventional cooling systems encounter several issues when incorporated into green buildings. These include energy waste, high running costs, and misalignment with eco-friendly practices, which may also lead to detrimental environmental effects and potentially reduce occupant comfort, particularly in retrofit situations. Given the emphasis on sustainability and energy conservation in green buildings, there is a pressing demand for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) solutions that support these goals. This study emphasises the critical need to reconsider traditional HVAC strategies in the face of green building advances. It advocates for the adoption of innovative HVAC technologies designed for eco-efficiency and enhanced comfort. These technologies should integrate seamlessly with sustainable construction, use greener refrigerants, and uphold environmental integrity, driving progress towards a sustainable and occupant-friendly built environment.

Exploring global accessibility of deep ocean water for sea water air conditioning (SWAC) process: Identifying feasibility areas depending on temperature source

Sea Water Air Conditioning (SWAC) technology is a highly efficient alternative to conventional air conditioning system using renewable marine energy to provide cooling to buildings. However, its implementation requires access to Deep Ocean Water (DOW) at 4–5 °C, thus SWAC is only viable in coastal regions. Furthermore, one of the major obstacles to its global development is the investment cost that remains high. This cost is strongly linked to the bathymetry of the installation location as it determines the length of the drawing pipeline, which accounts for the largest share of the investment cost. Knowing the temperature and bathymetry profiles will enable the establishment of the financial viability of SWAC technology in a specific location. This paper presents an analysis identifying areas of feasibility on a worldwide scale for standard SWAC implementation first. Then, it explores an alternative design with a higher drawing point for seawater at 12 °C (coupled with a High Temperature District Cooling), which reduces the cost by shortening the drawing pipeline and allows for more locations to be suitable for this technology. Additionally, the impact of the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is also considered since a shallower drawing point makes it more sensitive to temperature variations.

Performance of Heat Pipe with Different Working Fluid on Harvesting Wasted Heat Energy at Air Cooled Split Unit

These days, life would not be comfortable without air conditioning which leads to high power consumption due to air conditioning and subsequently increases the carbon footprint. In this research, verification was done on the capability of increasing superheat to improve the performance of the air-cooled split unit and the effect of power consumed by the air conditioning system. The superheat was increased by the heat harvested from the condensing unit of the air-cooled split unit by using a heat pipe. The heat pipe was charged with water, R134a, and R600a with a 100% filling ratio and 90 and 70 inclination angles. K-Type thermocouples, pressure gauges, and power meter were used in data collection. According to data analysis, water with a 90 inclination angle of heat pipe showed the best performance compared to other fluids because of its ability to increase superheat by approximately 32% compared to R600a which increased only approximately 6.5% compared to normal conventional air conditioning. However, it demonstrated that a rise in the superheat at the suction line and a rise in the Coefficient of Performance cannot guarantee a fall in energy usage. This was due to an increase of superheat by the water heat pipe at 90 angle inclination indicating approximately a 28.8% increase in power consumption.

Experimental Investigation of Energy-Saving Potential of Ground Source Heat Pump During Peak Hour Operations

Abstract Ground-source heat pump (GSHP) systems have emerged as energy-efficient alternate systems for the conventional Air-Source Air-Conditioning (ASAC) systems for space heating and cooling applications. GSHPs have gained widespread popularity globally and are extensively utilized in residential and commercial buildings. However, in countries like India where both space cooling and heating are required, it becomes essential to evaluate the performance of the GSHP system, especially during peak-hour operation to estimate peak load energy demand. This research paper tries to identify the energy efficiency of the GSHP system during peak-hour operations in comparison to the ASAC system using experimental techniques. Experimental trials were conducted in a laboratory equipped with a single unit of 17.58 kW cooling/heating capacity GSHP system and a 17.57 kW cooling/heating ASAC system (two units of 7.023 kW and 10.548 kW). Experimental trials were conducted in peak summer in the month of June for cooling mode operation and January for heating mode operation for Roorkee weather conditions in the northern part of India. The performance of both systems was compared by defining instantaneous coefficient of performance (COP) and cyclic COP. The instantaneous COP was found to be higher for both the systems during peak-hour cooling and heating mode operations. Energy-saving analysis indicates that the ground-source heat pump system saves 36.85% and 38.65% of electrical energy in cooling and heating modes, respectively, compared to the ASAC system.