Convenient Access Research Articles

Factors Affecting User Experience of E-Government Services: An Exploratory Review

As governments worldwide increasingly embrace digital transformation, e-government services have become integral in providing citizens with convenient access to public services and information. However, the success of these digital initiatives depends heavily on the user experience (UX) they offer. This paper presents an exploratory review of the user experience factors influencing e-government services. Drawing upon existing literature and empirical studies, this review identifies and examines key factors that shape the UX of e-government platforms, including accessibility, usability, security, personalization, multi-channel accessibility, content quality, and feedback mechanisms. The paper explores how these factors contribute to the public value generated by e-government services, encompassing benefits such as enhanced accessibility, improved efficiency, increased citizen engagement, greater transparency, cost savings, and innovative service delivery. Furthermore, the review highlights the need for governments to prioritize user-centered design principles and continuously evolve their digital offerings to meet the evolving needs and expectations of citizens. By synthesizing existing research and insights, this paper provides a comprehensive understanding of the UX factors influencing e-government services and offers valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers seeking to enhance the effectiveness and impact of digital government initiatives

A narrative review of telemedicine and its adoption across specialties.

Telemedicine and video consultation are crucial advancements in healthcare, allowing remote delivery of care. Telemedicine, encompassing various technologies like wearable devices, mobile health, and telemedicine, plays a significant role in managing illnesses and promoting wellness. The corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic accelerated the adoption of telemedicine, ensuring convenient access to medical services while maintaining physical distance. Legislation has supported its integration into clinical practice and addressed compensation issues. However, ensuring clinical appropriateness and sustainability of telemedicine post-expansion has gained attention. We south to identify the most friendly and resistant specialties to telemedicine and to understand areas of interest within those specialties to grasp potential barriers to its use. We aimed to identify articles that incorporated telemedicine in any medical or surgical specialty and determine the adoption rate and intent of this new form of care. Additionally, a secondary search within these databases was conducted to analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and implementation of telemedicine in the healthcare system. Non-English articles and those without full text were excluded. The study selection and data collection process involved using search terms such as "medicine", "surgery", "specialties", "telemedicine", and "telemedicine". Telemedicine adoption varies among specialties. The pandemic led to increased usage, with telemedicine consultations comprising 30.1% of all visits, but specialties like mental health, gastroenterology, and endocrinology showed higher rates of adoption compared to optometry, physical therapy, and orthopedic surgery. The data shows that telemedicine uptake varies by specialty and condition due to the need for physical exams. In-person visits still dominate new patient visits despite increased telemedicine use. Telemedicine cannot fully replace in-person care but has increased visit volume and is secure. The adoption of telemedicine is higher in medical practices than in surgical practices, with neurosurgery and urology leading. Further research is needed to assess telemedicine's suitability and effectiveness in different specialties and conditions.

TA2Viewer: A web-based browser for Terminologia Anatomica and online anatomical knowledge.

TA2Viewer is an open-access, web-based application and database for browsing anatomical terms and associated medical information on a computer or mobile device (https://ta2viewer.openanatomy.org/). It incorporates the official digital version of the second edition of Terminologia Anatomica (TA2) as published by the Federative International Programme for Anatomical Terminology (FIPAT), and adopted by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA) and other associations. It provides a dynamic and interactive view of the Latin and English nomenclatures. The organizational hierarchy of the terminology can be navigated by using a scrollable, expandable, and collapsible structured listing. Interactive search includes the official TA2 terms, synonyms, and related terms. TA2Viewer also uses TA2 term information to provide convenient access to other online resources, including Google web and image searches, PubMed, and Radiopaedia. Using cross-references from Wikidata, which were provided by the Wikipedia community, TA2Viewer offers links to Wikipedia, UBERON, UMLS, FMA, MeSH, NeuroNames, the public domain 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy, and other data sources. In addition, it can optionally use unofficial synonyms from Wikidata to provide multilingual term searches in hundreds of languages. By leveraging TA2, TA2Viewer provides free access to a curated anatomical nomenclature and serves as an index of online anatomical knowledge.

Implementing e-Health initiatives in Zimbabwe’s public health sector

The Zimbabwean government has instigated various policies and strategies as part of e-government initiatives to provide members of the public with convenient access to health information and services. Efforts have been made to embrace ICTs in Zimbabwe’s public health sector. The performance of health institutions in Zimbabwe however continues to deteriorate at a time when the use of ICTs in health is gaining momentum in Africa. This paper therefore seeks to assess the implementation of the E-health strategy revealing the current state of e-health or digital technology systems in Zimbabwe’s public hospitals. The study adopted an exploratory research design. Participants in this study were selected using purposive sampling. Data were gathered through participant observations, in-depth interviews and documentary research. The study established that even though e-health is an indispensable tool in improving quality, timely and cost effective health care, its implementation in Zimbabwe has not been easy and it is still in its infancy stages. The study concluded that e-health is a reliable tool for promoting successful and effective public health service provision in Zimbabwe. The study therefore reflects and proposes elements necessary for the successful implementation of e-health in Zimbabwe’s public health sector.

Database and Digitization of Regional Historical Herbaria: A Case Study of Margittai Collection in the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU)

The digitization of herbarium collections guarantees a preservation and long-term use of scientifically valuable objects, e.g., wide and convenient access to these materials online and exchange between institutions. These are also important elements in the education and popularization of botanical knowledge. No less significant is the practical aspect of these studies due to the danger of these collections’ destruction as a result of Russian aggression—some of them have already been destroyed. The analyzed Margittai collection (1500 specimens) is kept at the Uzhhorod National University Herbarium (UU) and belongs to the historical and regional ones. This material is valuable because of its scientific, historical and cultural significance. By the initiative and thanks to the efforts of Prof. S. Fodor, the studied collection (most of which are doublet specimens) was transferred in 1965 from the Hungarian Natural History Museum (BP), where the main herbarium of the researcher is preserved (40,000 specimens), to the Uzhhorod State University. Due to the fact that the collection has not been studied, in 2021, the authors began a special investigation of this collection and assessment of its current state. The structure of the database has been developed, it is being filled, and the digitization of type materials has begun.

Revolutionizing America's Cloud Computing the Pivotal Role of AI in Driving Innovation and Security

Cloud computing represents a transformative approach to delivering IT services via an interconnected network of servers, collectively referred to as the "Cloud." This virtualized environment seamlessly integrates networks, servers, applications, storage, and services, facilitating convenient access for users with minimal administrative overhead. This comprehensive review article centers on two fundamental pillars of cloud computing: virtualization and containerization. It examines their groundbreaking influence on resource management and deployment efficiency. Additionally, the paper explores upcoming trends and challenges expected to shape the cloud computing landscape from 2025 to 2030.An emphasis is placed on the anticipated adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies, providing organizations with tailored solutions while reducing the risks associated with vendor lock-in. The emergence of edge computing is highlighted as a key solution to address latency concerns and foster a competitive environment for the Internet of Things (IoT). Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning within cloud frameworks is poised to unlock new avenues of innovation and optimization, propelling digital transformation. The article underscores the critical need for enhanced security measures to protect sensitive data and ensure user privacy. Ongoing price competitions among cloud providers and heightened regulatory scrutiny are also examined, underscoring the dynamic nature of cloud computing. By offering insights into the past, present, and future trajectory of cloud computing, this article affirms its pivotal role in driving digital innovation and empowering organizations to thrive in an interconnected world. In conclusion, the article provides recommendations for businesses to leverage emerging technologies and effectively navigate evolving challenges in the realm of cloud computing.

Revolutionizing America's Cloud Computing the Pivotal Role of AI in Driving Innovation and Security

Cloud computing represents a transformative approach to delivering IT services via an interconnected network of servers, collectively referred to as the "Cloud." This virtualized environment seamlessly integrates networks, servers, applications, storage, and services, facilitating convenient access for users with minimal administrative overhead. This comprehensive review article centers on two fundamental pillars of cloud computing: virtualization and containerization. It examines their groundbreaking influence on resource management and deployment efficiency. Additionally, the paper explores upcoming trends and challenges expected to shape the cloud computing landscape from 2025 to 2030.An emphasis is placed on the anticipated adoption of hybrid and multi-cloud strategies, providing organizations with tailored solutions while reducing the risks associated with vendorlock-in. The emergence of edge computing is highlighted as a key solution to address latency concerns and foster a competitive environment for the Internet of Things (IoT). Furthermore, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning within cloud frameworks is poised to unlock new avenues of innovation and optimization, propelling digital transformation. The article underscores the critical need for enhanced security measures to protect sensitive data and ensure user privacy. Ongoingprice competitions among cloud providers and heightened regulatory scrutiny are also examined, underscoring the dynamic nature of cloud computing. By offering insights into the past, present, and future trajectory of cloud computing, this article affirms its pivotal role in driving digital innovation and empowering organizations to thrive in an interconnected world. Inconclusion, the article provides recommendations for businesses to leverage emerging technologies and effectively navigate evolving challenges in the realm of cloud computing.

A review of the current state of natural biomaterials in wound healing applications.

Skin, the largest biological organ, consists of three main parts: the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue. Wounds are abnormal wounds in various forms, such as lacerations, burns, chronic wounds, diabetic wounds, acute wounds, and fractures. The wound healing process is dynamic, complex, and lengthy in four stages involving cells, macrophages, and growth factors. Wound dressing refers to a substance that covers the surface of a wound to prevent infection and secondary damage. Biomaterials applied in wound management have advanced significantly. Natural biomaterials are increasingly used due to their advantages including biomimicry of ECM, convenient accessibility, and involvement in native wound healing. However, there are still limitations such as low mechanical properties and expensive extraction methods. Therefore, their combination with synthetic biomaterials and/or adding bioactive agents has become an option for researchers in this field. In the present study, the stages of natural wound healing and the effect of biomaterials on its direction, type, and level will be investigated. Then, different types of polysaccharides and proteins were selected as desirable natural biomaterials, polymers as synthetic biomaterials with variable and suitable properties, and bioactive agents as effective additives. In the following, the structure of selected biomaterials, their extraction and production methods, their participation in wound healing, and quality control techniques of biomaterials-based wound dressings will be discussed.

House Type Specification for Housing Development Project Using Machine Learning Techniques: A Study From Bangkok Metropolitan Region, Thailand

Specifying the house type of a housing development project is extremely necessary. However, the determination of a project type nowadays has become a delicate matter, requiring the expertise and knowledge of seasoned project developers. This study aimed to apply four machine learning techniques: Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosted Tree and Ensemble Classifier, to analyze the data from 179 housing estate projects collected from market reports of real estate companies in Thailand, with a focus on selecting projects with average monthly sales rates that are higher than the average of all acquired projects. This process resulted in a reduced dataset of 59 projects, including 31 townhouses, 22 single-family houses, and six semi-detached houses. As a result, the Ensemble Classifier model has the highest accuracy of 90.91%. The factors most influential in identifying the type of project are the distances from a main road, sky train station, bus station, hospital, and department store. Single-detached house projects are suitable for locations with high potential. The ideal location should be in proximity to a main road, bus station, department store, and hospital. In addition, townhouse projects are ideal for medium-potential locations that are not near shopping malls, but still require proximity to a hospital, sky train station, or bus station. Ultimately, semi-detached house projects are ideal for medium-potential locations that require proximity to a main road for convenient access to sky train station or public transportation, depending on the specific context.

Design of cross-linkable polypept(o)ide-based AB3 miktoarm star polymers through advances in PeptoMiktoStar synthesis

Advances in polymer chemistry can provide convenient access to more complex polymeric architectures, such as miktoarm star polymers. In comparison to their linear counterparts, the physical properties of miktoarm star polymers can substantially differ. Their complex synthesis, characterization, and purification, however, makes it a challenging task to prepare well-defined structures with multiple arms of adjustable chemical nature. In this work, well-defined cross-linkable polypept(o)ide-based AB3 miktoarm star polymers were achieved, taking advantage of a novel asymmetric tetrafunctional initiator system with different orthogonal protecting groups. The first controlled living ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of sarcosine N-carboxyanhydride yields a three-armed polysarcosine (pSar) macroinitiator with low molecular weight dispersity (Đ ∼ 1.1), while a reactive polypeptide arm can be synthesized upon cleavage of the remaining protective group. The established reactive S-alkylsulfonyl protecting group bearing polypeptides poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-cysteine) (pCys(SO2Et)) and poly(S-ethylsulfonyl-l-homocysteine) (pHcy(SO2Et) were implemented into the asymmetric star architecture. The presence of the well-defined cross-linkable AB3 PeptoMiktoStars was verified through the characterization via 1H NMR, 1H DOSY, and SEC, revealing structures with dispersity indices of 1.1–1.2 and precise control over the degree of polymerization of each individual polymer chain. In aqueous solution, both types of PeptoMiktoStars form polymeric micelles. The size and morphology can be tuned by secondary structure directed self-assembly: the pHcy(SO2Et)20(pSar100)3 polymers form spherical micelles whilst the pCys(SO2Et)20(pSar100)3 assembled into worm-like micelles. Therefore, this synthetic methodology provides not only access to well-defined reactive miktoarm star polymers, but also allows for the engineering of polymeric micelles based on PeptoMiktoStars.

Clinicians Speak: We Need to Redesign Postpartum Care.

Research indicates gaps in postpartum care that negatively impact maternal and infant health. Prior research exploring clinicians' perspectives on these gaps is limited to those of maternal providers. We explored the views and experiences of maternal and infant health-care providers on the care of mothers and infants in the postpartum period. Qualitative analysis revealed three themes: Gaps in Infant Care Education and Preparation for Parenting, Gaps in Maternal Pregnancy and Postpartum Care and Expectations and Knowledge, and Ideas for Integrating Care, Education, and Support in the postpartum period. Results suggest a need for care models that offer improved prenatal education and expectation setting, methods to help mothers prepare their social support networks, and integrated and convenient access to postpartum care.

The Causal Impact of Credit Lines on Spending Distributions

Consumer credit services offered by electronic commerce platforms provide customers with convenient loan access during shopping and have the potential to stimulate sales. To understand the causal impact of credit lines on spending, previous studies have employed causal estimators, (e.g., direct regression (DR), inverse propensity weighting (IPW), and double machine learning (DML)) to estimate the treatment effect. However, these estimators do not treat the spending of each individual as a distribution that can capture the range and pattern of amounts spent across different orders. By disregarding the outcome as a distribution, valuable insights embedded within the outcome distribution might be overlooked. This paper thus develops distribution valued estimators which extend from existing real valued DR, IPW, and DML estimators within Rubin’s causal framework. We establish their consistency and apply them to a real dataset from a large electronic commerce platform. Our findings reveal that credit lines generally have a positive impact on spending across all quantiles, but consumers would allocate more to luxuries (higher quantiles) than necessities (lower quantiles) as credit lines increase.

SECURED ORGANIZATIONAL CLOUD STORAGE USING MESSAGE DIGEST ALGORITHM

The Secure Organizational Cloud Storage System is an advanced cloud storage platform designed specifically for organizations that prioritize data security. The platform provides a similar functionality to Google Drive, but with enhanced security features to ensure that sensitive information remains safe from cyber threats. With the Secure Organizational Cloud Storage System, organizations can store and manage their data in a centralized and secure location. Users can easily upload, share, and collaborate on files and documents, and can access them farom anywhere with an internet connection. Secure cloud storage is indispensable in today's data-driven world, providing the convenience of remote data access while mitigating the risks associated with cyber threats and data breaches. By implementing advanced encryption, access controls, data integrity checks and redundancy strategies, secure cloud storage systems offer a comprehensive solution to protect sensitive information in an increasingly interconnected digital ecosystem. This abstract serves as a concise introduction to the importance and key components of secure cloud storage. Cloud service and storage providers offer valuable IT solutions for businesses of all sizes. Originally thought of as more for personal use, cloud storage for business is following in the footsteps of many personal technologies adapted for business purposes. Cloud storage works by storing data on remote servers, where it can be maintained, managed, backed up and accessed remotely. Data stored in the cloud is accessible by any device at any time, as long as permissions are in place. Despite its accessibility, data stored via the cloud is extremely safe and secure. Many people reap the benefits of the cloud for personal reasons, but most businesses have yet to take the leap. Whether your current on-premises data storage seems sufficient, or you simply haven’t taken time to consider cloud storage, reviewing these advantages is a good place to start.

C-HAND: near real-time coastal flood mapping

The Texas Gulf Coast region contains significant centers of population, infrastructure, and economy and is threatened by intensifying tropical storms. The flooding from these tropical storms often has multiple compounding drivers. This characteristic presents a complex numerical problem where a simulation must consider multiple hydrologic forcings. While several procedures exist for addressing this problem numerically, they tend to be resource-intensive and cannot be conducted in near real-time. We extend GeoFlood, a reduced physics approach for fluvial flood forecasting, to rapidly predict coastal and compound fluvial-coastal inundation. This method is validated against a numerical ocean circulation model (ADCIRC) simulation of Hurricane Ike, a major coastal flooding event that happened on the Texas Gulf Coast in 2008. We show that the inundation map generated by coastal HAND (c-HAND) has reasonable agreement with the ADCIRC simulation while taking about 1.7% of the time currently needed to run ADCIRC on a supercomputer. While our model correctly predicts 99% of ADCIRC-inundated DEM cells, it also overpredicts inundated area by a factor of approximately 27%. We combine c-HAND with the GeoFlood framework for fluvial flood forecasting to create a compound fluvial-coastal inundation mapping workflow that can be run in near real-time. c-HAND's fast wall-clock time and low CPU requirements can support decision making by first response personnel. The method provides timely and convenient access to crucial information, such as the locations of flooded roads and inundated coastal areas.

Online banking fraud detection: A comparative study of cases from South Africa and Spain

Background: The banking sector provides online banking to offer their customers convenient and easy access to banking services. As most banking services are nowadays performed online, alarming fraudulent activities occur daily. The online banking frauds are increasingly and commonly being experienced globally and are damaging to both banks and customers.Objectives: The goal of the study was to investigate issues in online fraud detection in the banking sector from South Africa and Spain.Method: The study followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Data were collected through the qualitative approach particularly using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The study followed non-probability sampling since it focussed on a specialised area of online fraud model. In total, the population size consisted of 17 participants, which included fraud technical managers, fraud investigator specialists, fraud technical specialists and data scientists.Results: In the South African context, the study established that there is a lack of online fraud experts in the banking sector. The findings reveal that the lack of online fraud expertise may lead to banks having weak detection systems. In the Spanish perspective, the study revealed that there is a lack of law regulation that poses a high risk.Conclusion: Given the lack of online fraud experts in the banking sector, banks are urged to acquire and develop online fraud expertise. Online banking technology is developing expeditiously than traditional transactions; therefore, regulations and policies need to be updated regularly to keep up with rapidly evolving technological changes.Contribution: Considering the significance of global online banking, the study suggested areas that the banking sector may investigate to develop and enhance online fraud detection models to combat online fraudulent activities.

Convenient access to a strained bicyclic enone: A concise and improved formal synthesis of ineleganolide

The norcembranoid and cembranoid diterpenoids represent an intriguing class of natural products isolated from marine sources. Their chemical synthesis has been a challenging and exciting field of research over the past two decades, owing largely to their structural complexity. We recently disclosed a total synthesis of a member of this class, ineleganolide, in a 23 step longest linear sequence. In search of a shorter, more efficient route, we have devised a new strategy for the synthesis of a key bicyclic enone. Disclosed herein is our improved synthesis of this strained intermediate, completing the formal synthesis of ineleganolide in only 14 steps, thereby shortening our previous synthesis by 9 steps.Dedicated to Prof. Thomas Maimone on his receipt of the Tetrahedron Young Investigator Award 2024.

Copper‐Promoted Oxidative Amide‐Assisted Radical Selenylation of Anilides and N‐Arylsulfonamides with Diselenides

A direct selenylation of N‐arylsulfonamides and anilides using environmentally friendly and readily available copper promoted assisted by amide is presented. This method provided convenient access for various selenylation reactions, demonstrating a wide range of substrates and strong tolerance to various functional groups. According to the selection of reaction substrates, products can be isolated to obtain a regioselectivity ortho‐, para‐, or unprecedented ortho, para‐diselenylation products. Such transformation was elucidated by a proposed copper‐promoted amide‐assisted radical mechanism.

Application and Effect of Patient Portal System in the Remote Management of Chronic Diseases for Older Adults With Coronary Heart Disease

To investigate the application of personal health record (PHR) and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of patient portal system (PPS) in managing older adults with coronary heart disease and to examine the effect on patients' self-care ability, coping mode, and quality of life. A total of 532 elderly patients with coronary heart disease were included in the study. All the participants enrolled were admitted to a tertiary-care hospital between January 2019 and June 2021. They were randomly assigned to the study group (269 cases) and the control group (263 cases). Patients in the control group were discharged with the routine discharge procedures and received the routine follow-up care. On the other hand, patients in the study group were discharged and followed up through the PHR and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of PPS. After 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months of patient management, the Exercise of Self-Care Agency (ESCA) Scale, Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ) and Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) were used to evaluate the patients' self-care ability, coping mode, and quality of life, respectively. The patient management effects of the two groups were analyzed. Before the management programs started, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores for the scales between the two groups of patients. After 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months of patient management, the ESCA scores of both groups were higher than those before patient management started (P<0.05). Facing scores in the MCMQ of both groups were higher than those before patient management started (P<0.05), while the scores for avoidance and yielding were lower than those before patient management started (P<0.05). The SAQ scores of both groups were higher than those before patient management started (P<0.05). After 6 months, 12 months and 18 months of patient management, the ESCA scores of the study group were always higher compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The facing score of the study group was higher, while the scores for avoidance and yielding were lower compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The SAQ scores of the study group were higher compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The medication compliance rate in the study group (83.27%) was higher than that in the control group (69.96%) (P<0.05). The incidence of adverse cardiovascular events in the study group (4.09%) was lower than that in the control group (10.27%) (P<0.05). The average times of emergency treatment and readmission in the study group were lower compared with those of the control group (P<0.05). The patient satisfaction score of the study group was higher compared with that of the control group (P<0.05). The PHR and chronic disease management platform established on the basis of PPS can increase the convenient access to medical care among elderly patients with coronary heart disease, which is conducive to improving their self-care ability, coping mode, and quality of life. In addition, the patient management effect is good.

DIGITAL LITERACY WITH EFL STUDENTS: DISCOVERING BANTEN’S STUDENTS' PERCEPTION ABOUT INTEGRATING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN COLLABORATIVE LEARNING

This research aims to investigates Bantenese students' perceptions of integrating digital technologies in collaborative learning. A descriptive qualitative approach was engaged, employing questionnaires as the primary means of data collection. Subsequently, the data underwent a comprehensive analysis involving data reduction, presentation, and the formulation of conclusions. The research revealed that the integration of technology in collaborative learning, from the viewpoint of Bantenese’ students, offers substantial support and benefits to both educators and learners. It provides convenient access to comprehensive information from various reputable sources, thereby reducing the time needed for assignments. Nonetheless, a drawback associated with the incorporation of technology in education is the risk of fostering passivity in students, as they may opt for immediate solutions through artificial intelligence or turn to assignment service websites, raising concerns about their authenticity and data security. This research also underscores the necessity for additional exploration into the difficulties encountered by students in Banten when engaging in collaborative learning approaches that incorporate technology.

Glutathione as a novel engineered biomaterial for heavy metal ion quantification and remediation

The prevalence of heavy metal ion contamination is increasing worldwide—posing a growing threat to both ecological and human well-being. In recent years, there have been significant research endeavors focused on the quantitative analysis of these heavy metal ions. There is an increasing demand for cost-effective, sensitive, selective, and rapid methods for detecting them. In the context of functional materials for detection as well as effective diminution of heavy metal ion, glutathione is recognized as well as widely proven for its’ robust capacity to form complexes with harmful heavy metal ions, with its solubility in water, enduring action, and convenient accessibility. Consequently, glutathione is increasingly being utilized as a preferred molecular probe in the development of highly sensitive, cost-effective, and easily accessible sensors. Keeping in cue of the increasing use of glutathione, this mini-review provides a summary of the findings from different glutathione-based heavy metal ion detection approaches as documented in recent literature. These approaches are classified according to their respective techniques of signal transduction. The discussion and comparison of their operation and execution, as well as the evaluation of figures of merit such as limit of detection, selectivity, and response time, are presented. Likewise, removal mechanisms along with challenges are also briefed in this mini-review.