Convenience Sample Research Articles

Pre-service Elementary Mathematics Teachers' Opinions on the School Experience Course Conducted through Distance Education

This study aims to examine the experiences of pre-service elementary mathematics teachers regarding the school experience course conducted through distance education due to the Covid-19 pandemic. The study was conducted with 64 volunteer participants, from students who took the School Experience course in the fall semester of the 2021-2022 academic year at a state university, which was determined by convenience sampling among the universities in Turkey. The data was gathered using Google form at the end of the fall semester, using a data collection tool including 4 open-ended questions. These questions were about general evaluation, contributions, faced problems, and suggestions about the school experience course process. The study is phenomenological research from qualitative research types, and the content analysis method was used to analyze the data. Based on the analysis of the collected data, the following codes were obtained: positive, neutral, and negative under the heading of general evaluation; no contribution, getting to know students, professional skills, and time under the heading of contributions; technological problems, lack of professional skills, professional satisfaction, and communication under the heading of faced problems; and active participation, changing the course content, educational support, face-to-face education, student participation, and technological support under the heading of suggestions.

How employees’ motivated needs relate to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality

PurposeThe aim of this paper was to examine the interrelationships between Maslow’s motivated needs in relation to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality experiences.Design/methodology/approachRegression analysis using a cross-sectional, convenience sampling approach of 158 US employees responding to survey questions using a Qualtrics survey related to their demographics, motivated needs, daily spirituality experiences, workplace spirituality, work spirituality experiences and work-related flow.FindingsCorrelation analyses provided support for Maslow’s hierarchy of needs in relation to employees’ daily spiritual experiences, workplace spirituality, work spirituality experiences and work-related flow. Regression analyses also identified the specific Maslow needs that served as predictive factors in relation to employees’ personal and workplace spirituality. Findings and conclusions are also discussed in relation to employees and organizations.Practical implicationsCurrently, there are no correlation studies that have examined workplace spirituality as an ethical behavior in the workplace and Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. This correlation gap is notable because further examination of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs as a theoretical framework in relation to employees’ spirituality can be particularly valuable for contemporary work settings. Consider that today’s work environment is faced with dynamic and unique factors, and each of these factors not only changes the work environment but also they significantly drive or minimize employee motivation. Three such factors include new generations of employees with unique values entering the workforce and the great resignation and quiet quitting.Social implicationsThe study identifies that Maslow’s belonging, esteem and self-transcendence are related positively to employees’ spiritual experiences in the workplace. When these needs are fulfilled in the work environment, employees may be more likely to engage in spiritual practices at work, such as participating in yoga, prayer and meditation and in fulfilling one’s motivated needs and spirituality, employees are able to pursue their true purpose in the workplace.Originality/valueThis study extends the literature regarding understanding the value of workplace spirituality as a positive outcome for the employees and organizations.

Reliabilitas dan Validitas Self-Compassion Scale for Youth Versi Bahasa Indonesia (SCS-YI)

Self-compassion is a healthy attitude toward oneself which positively associated to an individual’s mental health. Self-Compassion Scale for Youth (SCS-Y) is a common instrument to measure levels of self-compassion. However, to date, there is no study that evaluates the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version on youth. This study aims to adapt the SCS-Y into Indonesian language and to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Indonesian version of SCS-Y Participants in this study were 195 youth, 10-15 years old in Indonesia were recruited through convenience sampling and snowball sampling. Instrument used in this research is the Indonesian version of SCS-Y, which we named Self Compassion for Youth Indonesia Version. The result of psychometric evaluation using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), construct validity, and Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient showed good validity and reliability of Self Compassion for Youth Indonesia Version.

Moderating effect of family structure on the relationship between early clinical exposure and emotional labor of nursing students: a cross-sectional study.

Emotional labor is an essential component of nursing practice and is important for Generation Z nursing students born from the mid-1990s to early 2010s. They will become the backbone of the nursing workforce but present more emotional regulation problems. Studies on emotional labor are limited to clinical nurses and influencing factors at the individual level. The impacts of external systems on emotional labor of nursing students have not been explored. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between early clinical exposure and emotional labor and test the moderating effect of family structure on the relationship. The cross-sectional study recruited 467 nursing students using convenience sampling from seven colleges and universities in mainland China. An e-survey created on WJX.CN was used to collect data in January 2023. Emotional labor (surface acting and deep acting) was measured with the Emotional Labor scale. Early clinical exposure (exposure or not and times of exposure) and family structure (nuclear family, extended family, and single-parent family) were assessed with self-reported questions. Descriptive statistics and the linear mixed-effects modeling were used to do the analyses. The mean scores of surface acting and deep acting were 26.66 ± 5.66 and 13.90 ± 2.40, respectively. A significant difference in scores of surface acting was not observed for exposure or not, whereas such a significant difference was found for times of exposure. Nursing students from extended families demonstrated significantly lower scores on surface acting while exposed to clinical practice compared with those from nuclear families. Family structure moderated the relationship between times of exposure and surface acting of nursing students when exposed to clinical practice for one time, but the significance disappeared when the times of exposure increased. No significant findings of early clinical exposure on deep acting were observed. Early clinical exposure influenced emotional labor, and students from extended families were more likely to get benefits from early clinical exposure. Studies are needed to help students from nuclear families get comparable benefits on emotional labor as those from extended families, and improve deep acting by early clinical exposure.

Hubungan Perilaku Cerdik Terhadap Hipertensi di Puskesmas Kelurahan Pekayon Tahun 2024

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that increases every year. The CERDIK program is one of the non-pharmacological treatments that can be used in an effort to prevent hypertension. This study aims to determine the relationship between smart behavior and hypertension at the Pekayon Village Health Center in 2024. This study uses a quantitative method with a Cross Sectional design. The sample consisted of 96 respondents using Accidental Sampling as the sampling technique. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. This study shows that at the Pekayon Village Health Center there are 91 people (71.7%) who routinely do health checks. Avoiding cigarette smoke is in the good category as many as 88 people (69.3%), diligently doing physical activity as many as 84% ​​(66.1%), having a balanced diet as many as 88 people (69.3%), getting enough rest as many as 84 people (66.1%), and being able to manage stress well as many as 105 people (82.7%). The results of this study indicate that there is a relationship between CERDIK behavior and hypertension with a p value of <0.05, so there is a correlation between CERDIK behavior and the level of hypertension in patients at the Pekayon Village Health Center.

Lung ultrasound in children with primary ciliary dyskinesia or cystic fibrosis.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) and cystic fibrosis (CF) are respiratory conditions requiring regular chest radiography (CXR) surveillance to monitor pulmonary disease. However, CXR is insensitive for lung disease in CF and PCD. Lung ultrasound (LU) is a radiation-free alternative showing good correlation with severity of lung disease in CF but has not been studied in PCD. Standardized, six-zone LU studies and CXR were performed on a convenience sample of children with PCD or CF during a single visit when well. LU studies were graded using the LU scoring system, while CXR studies received a modified Chrispin-Norman score. Scores were correlated with clinical outcomes. Data from 30 patients with PCD and 30 with CF (median age PCD 11.5 years, CF 9.1 years) with overall mild pulmonary disease (PCD median FEV1 90% predicted, CF FEV1 100%) were analyzed. LU abnormalities appear in 11/30 (36%) patients with PCD and 9/30 (30%) with CF. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for abnormal LU compared to the gold standard of CXR are 42%, 61%, 42%, and 61% in PCD, and 44%, 81%, 50%, and 77% in CF, respectively. Correlation between LU and CXR scores are poor for both diseases (PCD r = -0.1288, p = 0.4977; CF r = 0.0343, p = 0.8571), and LU score does not correlate with clinical outcomes in PCD. The correlation of LU findings with CXR surveillance studies is poor in patients with mild disease burdens from PCD or CF, and LU scores do not correlate with clinical outcomes in PCD.

Comparison of the Vaginal and Labial Dimensions of Ethnic Chinese and Western Nullipara.

Vaginal dimensions have clinical and surgical implications. We sought to quantify the differences between vaginal and labial dimensions in healthy ethnic Chinese and Western women with normal pelvic organ support. This is a cross-sectional study of a convenience sample of ethnic Chinese nulliparas (n = 33) and Western nulliparas (n = 33) recruited for research purposes. For each subject, magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantify the vaginal and labial dimensions. Specifically, we identified the anterior and posterior vaginal wall, the outline of the cervix in the mid-sagittal and coronal planes, and the distance from the labia majora to the hymenal ring at the urethral meatus. There were significant differences in age and weight between groups. Substantial variation in vaginal and labial dimensions was found within each group. The vaginal and labial dimensions of ethnic Chinese women ranged from 9-21% smaller than those of Western women; In the ethnic Chinese group, increasing weight and BMI correlated with greater labial distance (r = 0.66 and r = 0.63 respectively); as did height and the distance from the vaginal opening to the cervical os (r = 0.5). In the Western group, only weight correlated with the labial distance (r = 0.51). Significant group differences in vaginal and labial dimensions were found, with the dimensions of Chinese nulliparas being up to 21% smaller than those of Western nulliparas.

Inner strength, coping self-efficacy and coping strategy of patients with peritoneal dialysis: A exploratory cross-sectional study.

The purpose of the study was to investigate and analyse inner strength of patients with peritoneal dialysis, explore the associations among inner strength, coping self-efficacy (CSE) and medial coping modes. This was a cross-sectional study which was conducted in nephrology departments of two affiliated hospitals of a comprehensive university in China. Convenience sampling was chosen to collect data. A total of 191 patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis were recruited by convenience sampling in two hospitals. Data involved of sociodemographic and clinical materials, inner strength, CSE and medical coping modes were collected from the patients. IBM SPSS Statistics 21.0 was used to process and analyse the data. The averaged score of inner strength was 95.74 (SD = 13.52). The inner strength, CSE and confrontation coping had positive associations with each other. Besides, inner strength and CSE was negatively associated with acceptance-resignation coping strategy, respectively.

The Impact of Remote Work on Faculty Members’ Creativity; the Serial Mediating Role of Work-Life Balance and Psychological Well-Being

Purpose –The current study aims to thoroughly investigate the relationship between the implementation of remote work and the creativity of faculty members, while also exploring the serially mediating role of work-life balance and psychological well-being within this relationship. Design/methodology/approach –The quantitative data approach of conducting an online survey was utilized, and the survey was distributed via emails and social media platforms. Through convenience sampling there were a total of 378 participants consisting of faculty members working in Jordan. The IBM SPSS Statistics software (version 29) was used to analyze and process the collected data. In, to test the hypothesized directed relationships and facilitate the conduction of the mediation and serial mediation analyses, Hayse Process 4.1 (model 6) was also utilized. Findings – The study concluded that both work-life balance and psychological well-being have mediating roles in the relationship between remote work and creativity. Additionally, work-life balance and psychological well-being serially mediate the relationship between remote work and creativity. Originality/value –The current study contributes to the literature by investigating both the direct and indirect impacts of remote work on the creativity of faculty members, addressing the immature link and limited research on this relationship, as well as the lack of focus on the higher education sector.

Teacher Enthusiasm as a Moderator in the Relationship between Teacher Self-Efficacy, Teacher Competence, and Sustainable Student Learning

Teachers are the most popular source of student learning, and many studies confirm that good teachers lead to students' learning. This research aims to explore the influence of teacher self-efficacy and teacher competence on students' learning. The paper also investigated the moderating role of teacher enthusiasm in the relationship between teacher self-efficacy, teacher competence, and students' learning. Data collected through convenience sampling from 329 respondents were analyzed using the PLS-SEM approach. The results of the study revealed that teacher self-efficacy and students' learning are positively related. The results also provided support for the positive impact of teacher competence on student learning. Finally, the results showed that teacher enthusiasm moderated the effect of teacher self-efficacy and teacher competence on students' learning. Thus, the study suggests that investing in teacher self-efficacy and competence, as well as supporting teacher enthusiasm, can enhance students' learning.

Pengaruh Penerapan Akuntansi, Pemahaman Perpajakan, dan Kesadaran Wajib Pajak terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak UMKM Berbasis Media Electronik: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Alang-Alang Lebar Palembang

This research aims to determine the influence of accounting implementation, understanding of taxation, and taxpayer awareness on electronic media-based MSME taxpayer compliance. This research was conducted in Alang-Alang Lebar District, Palembang, totaling 73 respondents. The type of research used is quantitative research by distributing questionnaires. Sampling used convenience sampling. The data source in this research is primary data based on the results of the t test showing that with a sig value that the Application of Accounting (X1), Understanding of Taxation (X2) and Taxpayer Awareness (X3), on Electronic Media Based MSME Taxpayer Compliance (Y) because t count > t table or 3.026 > 1.99394,1.534 < 1.99394 and 2.692 > 1.99394 with significant 0.003 < 0.05, 0.130 > 0.05 and 0.009 < 0.05 which means the Accounting Implementation variable has an influence and is significant on MSME Taxpayer Compliance Based on Electronic Media, Understanding of Taxation has no and no significant effect on Electronic Media Based MSME Taxpayer Compliance and Taxpayer Awareness has an influence and is significant on Electronic Media Based MSME Taxpayer Compliance. Then the results of the F test analysis show that the calculated F value > F table is 28.136 > 2.74 with a significant value of 0.00 < 0.05. This shows that the independent variables, namely Application of Accounting (X1), Understanding of Taxation (X2) and Taxpayer Awareness (X3) have a significant and influential effect on the dependent variable, namely Electronic Media-Based MSME Taxpayer Compliance (Y).

The Influence of Food Quality, Hygiene, Price and Revisit Intention Towards Street Food in Dannok, Thailand

This study investigates the influence of food quality, hygiene, price, and revisit intention toward street foods in Dannok, Thailand. The research used convenience sampling with a sample size of 150 respondents. The research employed a structured questionnaire, consisting of demographic information, three variables (food quality, hygiene, and price), and revisit intentions through an online survey. A six-point Likert scale was used. Factor analysis and reliability tests were conducted to validate the instruments. The analysis indicated that food quality, hygiene, and price significantly influenced customers' revisit intentions. Then, the Regression Test further highlighted that food hygiene had the most significant impact, followed by food quality and price. The findings suggest that enhancing food quality, price, and hygiene can enhance customer satisfaction and increase the possibility of revisiting intention. The findings of this research provide valuable insights for street food vendors in emergent approaches to boost the street food industry's appeal and sustainability. Future research may explore different samples and incorporate additional variables that will influence revisit intention.

Motives for Tipping Behaviour towards Food Delivery Riders: A Perspective from Malaysian Consumers

Tipping is a form of gratitude in which patrons pay extra money to service personnel for excellent service. It often accounts for 15-20% of the entire bill. Tipping customs differ for each country; therefore, it's crucial to understand local practices. Customer tips are given to airport porters, baristas, bartenders, bellmen, busboys, concierges, courtesy van drivers, croupiers, doormen, golf caddies, hotel maids, parking valets, sommeliers, taxicab and delivery drivers, tour guides and servers. According to past research, there are limited studies that focus on tipping food delivery riders or drivers. Thus, this study examines the motives for tipping behaviour toward food delivery riders. Convenience sampling was used, and data from up to 384 were obtained through online survey questionnaires and were analysed using SPSS software. Food delivery consumers who are experienced in giving tips to the food delivery rider are the target respondents of this research. This research will focus on the relationship between the motives variables, which include the weather (1), sympathy (2), autonomy (3), and better service (4) with the tipping practice. The findings of the analysis suggest that the four variables above have a significant relationship with tipping practice. Future research aimed to determine whether and how tipping behaviour changed among individuals who continued eating out by ordering delivery and takeaway meals.

Exploring the impact of abusive supervision on employee approaches to managing service errors and failures: Examining the effects of hope and optimism, and service tenure

Drawing from the conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study posits that leadership in the form of abusive supervision will be more detrimental to subordinates' hope and optimism, due to the loss of accumulated resources for those who have increased service tenure, thereby lowering their ability to alleviate and successfully manage service failures/errors. Using convenience sampling, 174 hotel frontline employees from Istanbul, Turkey, completed survey questionnaires in two separate time waves. Results from SmartPLS indicate that abusive supervision has a significant and adverse association with employees’ hope and optimism. Additionally, the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ hope and optimism is moderated by service tenure, such that the negative relationship is more profound for those with increased service tenure. Finally, hope and optimism mediate the relationship between abusive supervision and two behaviors for handling service errors/failures (i.e., service recovery performance and error reporting). This study concludes by discussing theoretical and practical implications.

The society human immunodeficiency virus health literacy scale: the development and psychometric assessment

Society human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) related health literacy is an essential behavioural skill that contributes to understanding the disease and responding to people living with HIV. Measuring HIV health literacy in the community requires reliable tools to produce an objective health literacy index. This study aimed to design and examined the society HIV health literacy scale's (SHIVAL) psychometric properties. A cross sectional study was conducted on 381 people without HIV. Sample recruitment used convenience sampling. Instrument development and psychometric analysis include item pool construction and content validity examination, consistency reliability test, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. A standardized four factor model fits the HIV health literacy measure well. This scale has 15 items with good Cronbach's Alpha reliability index and content validity index. The final SHIVAL Scale has been determined reliable and appropriate for measuring health literacy related to HIV. Nurses or healthcare professionals can use this scale to predict an individual's HIV health literacy, thereby influencing the social intervention of HIV disease and enabling effective community health literacy strategies.

Determinants of Pneumonia Symptoms in Toddlers in the Paal V Health Center Working Area of Jambi City

ABSTRACT Pneumonia is a disease in children under five which causes the highest number of deaths at the global level. Pneumonia cases in toddlers continue to increase and Indonesia is ranked 8th in the world. The aim of this research is to determine the factors associated with pneumonia symptoms in toddlers in the working area of the Paal V Health Center, Jambi City. Cross sectional research design. The research was conducted in the Paal V Community Health Center Working Area, Jambi City. The total sample was 70 toddlers taken using Accidental Sampling. The independent variables are house temperature, house humidity, residential density, house ventilation, lighting, smoking habits, mother's knowledge and exclusive breastfeeding. Data were analyzed using the Chi Squar e or Fisher Exact test. Toddlers with Pneumonia Symptoms are 65.7%. Factors associated with pneumonia symptoms in toddlers are house humidity (PR=0.60; 95% CI=0.37-0.95), house lighting (PR=0.55; 95% CI=0.29-1, 04), smoking habits (PR=1.50; 95% CI=098-2.28) and maternal knowledge (PR=2.46; 95% CI=1.08-1.97). Meanwhile, those that are not related to pneumonia symptoms in toddlers are house temperature, house ventilation, residential density and exclusive breastfeeding. Risk factors for pneumonia symptoms in toddlers are house humidity that does not meet the requirements, house lighting that does not meet the requirements, the presence of smoking habits in the house, poor maternal knowledge. It is hoped that mothers who have toddlers will pay attention to the physical environment of the house and reduce smoking habits in the house Keywords: Pneumonia, Environment, Child, Mother

Assessment of demographic factors and mental health status: initiating a healthy campus program

Mental health issues have been essential in formulating global health policies for 30 years. The campus community is inseparable from the problem of mental health disorders, which can affect the work either students, lecturers, or staff. This research aimed to describe mental health conditions among the campus community based on demographic factors as an opportunity to initiate a healthy campus program. This study used a quantitative method with a cross-sectional design. The population was an academic community at a private campus in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. There are 347 samples taken by accidental sampling. The mental health instrument used the self-reporting questionnaire. There, 60.81% of respondents experienced psychological disorders, and 73.49% of respondents needed to be referred to a mental health professional regarding addiction, psychotic disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There was a significant relationship between demographic factors consisting of gender, age, type of work, employment status, education level, faculty, and emotional disorders with a p-value of <0.005. Moreover, age, gender, education level, type of work, and employment status related to mental disorders due to addiction, psychosis, and PTSD with a p-value<0.005. It is concluded that a large proportion of responders need a referral to a mental health expert. To promote a healthy campus, university officials should follow up with health promotion initiatives such as partnering with the local health office and public health center for additional treatment and improving policy support.

Stream salinity prediction in data-scarce regions: Application of transfer learning and uncertainty quantification

Scarcity of stream salinity data poses a challenge to understanding salinity dynamics and its implications for water supply management in water-scarce salt-prone regions around the world. This paper introduces a framework for generating continuous daily stream salinity estimates using instance-based transfer learning (TL) and assessing the reliability of the synthetic salinity data through uncertainty quantification via prediction intervals (PIs). The framework was developed using two temporally distinct specific conductance (SC) datasets from the Upper Red River Basin (URRB) located in southwestern Oklahoma and Texas Panhandle, United States. The instance-based TL approach was implemented by calibrating Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNNs) on a source SC dataset of around 1200 instantaneous grab samples collected by United States Geological Survey (USGS) from 1959 to 1993. The trained FFNNs were subsequently tested on a target dataset (1998-present) of 220 instantaneous grab samples collected by the Oklahoma Water Resources Board (OWRB). The framework's generalizability was assessed in the data-rich Bird Creek watershed in Oklahoma by manipulating continuous SC data to simulate data-scarce conditions for training the models and using the complete Bird Creek dataset for model evaluation. The Lower Upper Bound Estimation (LUBE) method was used with FFNNs to estimate PIs for uncertainty quantification. Autoregressive SC prediction methods via FFNN were found to be reliable with Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) values of 0.65 and 0.45 on in-sample and out-of-sample test data, respectively. The same modeling scenario resulted in an NSE of 0.54 for the Bird Creek data using a similar missing data ratio, whereas a higher ratio of observed data increased the accuracy (NSE = 0.84). The relatively narrow estimated PIs for the North Fork Red River in the URRB indicated satisfactory stream salinity predictions, showing an average width equivalent to 25 % of the observed range and a confidence level of 70 %.

Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Quality of Healthcare Shift Workers in Bangladesh

Shift work is an essential feature of industrialized society. Our present study was aimed at investigating the sleep deprivation and sleep quality of the healthcare shift workers in Bangladesh. In investigating so, we took 462 healthcare shift workers from five districts of Bangladesh. Among them 152 were male and 310 were female. The participants ranged from 19 to 65 years of age. We took the participants on the basis of convenience sampling technique from 30 hospitals and medical centers. To collect data we administered Bangla version of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Findings of our study revealed that sleep deprivation and shifts were marginally dependent (χ2 = 11.56, p = 0.07). However, sleep quality had been found independent of shifts (χ2 = 4.31, p = 0.12). Shift-wise analyses yielded that sleep deprivation was high (μ = 7.56) and sleep quality was worse (μ = 3.78) in rotating shift workers in comparison to fixed and regular shift workers. Sleep quality was found better outside of metropolitan city (t = -3.258, p<0.01). Findings have been discussed in terms of previous findings and contemporary theories. Recommendations are proposed in the light of our findings in conclusion. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 33(2): 67-75, 2024 (July)

Therapy and counselling experiences of queer adults in Germany

AbstractBackgroundMental health professionals play a crucial role in either alleviating or exacerbating stress among queer clients.AimsDrawing on minority stress theory, we conducted a study to examine the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual and/or consensually non‐monogamous clients with current or recent psychotherapy or counselling experiences in Germany.MethodA convenience sample of 492 queer individuals participated in an online survey, providing insights into their most recent experiences with psychotherapy or counselling and evaluating the success of these processes. Among the participants, 92% identified as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or another non‐heterosexual identity, while 8% identified as heterosexual. Additionally, 54% reported being in consensually non‐monogamous relationships, and 23% identified as gender‐diverse.ResultsThe majority (92%) had prior experience with psychotherapy, with over half reporting their last session within the last month. The remaining 8% reported counselling experience. Most participants rated their recent psychotherapy or counselling process as successful. Exemplary practices were more common than inappropriate ones. While overt discrimination by mental health professionals was rare, subtle inappropriate behaviours were still prevalent. Affirmative and actively reassuring practices were strongly linked to subjective therapy success.ConclusionThe study's findings warrant cautious optimism regarding a non‐discriminative stance in German mental health professionals while highlighting the need for further research, training and guidelines for therapists and counsellors.