Convection Flow Of Fluid Research Articles

Thermal inspection on MHD Prandtl fluid flow past a stretching sheet in the presence of heat generation/absorption and suction/injection

Abstract For the past several years, researchers have been investigating the thermal boundary layer behavior under various assumptions due to contemporary requirements. From the existing literature, it has been noticed that no investigation has been conducted to examine the thermal and mass transport of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow of a Prandtl fluid past a stretching sheet with heat generation/absorption and suction/injection. To address this gap, this study looks at how the changed thermal flux, heat generation/absorption, and suction/injection affect the convective flow of MHD Prandtl fluid over a stretching surface. The governing system of nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) has been reduced to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) through appropriate transformations. The desired numerical solutions of the resulting ODEs have been obtained using the bvp5c MATLAB package. We have analyzed and presented the effects of the physical parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration fields using graphs and tables. Also, the drag coefficient, heat, and mass transport rates were examined. Additionally, an entropy analysis has been conducted to explore the reusability of heat production. It has been observed that intensifying the magnetic and porosity parameters reduces the flow velocity while increasing the Eckert number, heat generation parameter, and the Biot number significantly increases the temperature. The concentration drops with an increase in the Schmidt number and the chemical reaction parameter. This study holds significant implications for industries that rely on drug delivery, heat exchanger technology, polymerization, and refining processes.

Mixed Convection Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow of Nanofluid/Porous Medium Under Magnetic Field Influence

This study aims to investigate the effect of a constant magnetic field on heat transfer, flow of fluid, and entropy generation of mixed convection in a lid-driven porous medium enclosure filled with nanofluids (TiO2-water). Uniform constant heat fluxes are partially applied to the bottom wall of the enclosure, while the remaining parts of the bottom wall are considered to be adiabatic. The vertical walls are maintained at a constant cold temperature and move with a fixed velocity. A sinusoidal wall is assumed to be fixed and kept adiabatic at the top enclosure. Three scenarios are considered corresponding to different directions of the moving isothermal vertical wall (±1). The influence of pertinent parameters on the heat transfer, flow of fluid, and entropy generation in an enclosure are deliberated. The parameters are the Richardson number (R~i = 1, 10, and 100), the Hartmann number (0 ≤ H~a ≤ 75 with a 25 step), and the solid volume fraction of nanoparticles (0 ≤ Φ~ ≤ 0.15 with a 0.05 step). The Grashof and Darcy numbers are assumed to be constant at 104 and 10−3, respectively. The finite element method, utilizing the variational formulation/weak form, is applied to discretize the main governor equations. Triangular elements have been employed within the studied envelope, with the elements adapting as needed. The results showed that the streamfunction and fluid temperature decreased as the solid volume fraction increased. The local N~u number increased by more than 50% at low values of Φ~ (up to 0.1). This percentage decreases between 25% and 40% when Φ~ is in the range of 0.1 to 0.15. As H~a increases from 0 to 75, these percentages increase at low values of the value of R~i=1 and 10. These variations are primarily dependent on the value of the Richardson number.

Analysis of Magnetized Free Convective Flow of Casson-Type Fluid Over A Vertical Plate: A Caputo–Fabrizio Fractional Model Approach

The purpose of this investigation is to examine the impacts of fractional calculus on fluid dynamics and heat transfer of a nanofluid in drilling applications. More specifically, the study explores how free convection and electrical conductivity impact clay nanoparticles dispersed in engine oil—which is modeled as a Casson fluid—as they pass over a flat vertical plate. The key objectives are to: (1) determine the effects of memory effects at different timescales on temperature and momentum profiles via the Caputo–Fabrizio fractional derivative; and (2) analyze the consequences of varying different physical parameters such as magnetic field, Grashof number, nanoparticle volume fraction and Prandtl number. The objective of the investigation is to provide insight into controlling these parameters to optimize drilling processes. The Laplace method is applied to find solutions to the governing equations, and MathCad15 is utilized for illustrating the physical results. The results expose that the temperature and momentum fields are enhanced (at large times) when the fractional parameter is increased and both profiles show opposite behavior at small times. The heat transmission is enlarged with growing estimations of the volume fraction for clay nanoparticles, whereas the momentum field is declined by growing estimations of the volume fraction of nanoparticles. Further, the nanofluid motion declines by growing the magnetic field but accelerates by increasing the Grashof number. Further, this model has applications in engineering to optimize drilling operations, where performance and efficiency in refining depend upon controlling fluid flow and heat transmission. It can also be applied in fields where nanofluids are utilized to enhance heat transfer and fluid dynamics, such as petrochemicals, manufacturing and material engineering. Overall, this study establishes a vigorous foundation for further research and delivers a structure for exploring non-Newtonian NF systems from the perspective of magnetized-driven free convection flow.

Nonlinear radiative and mixed convective flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid with Joule heating and entropy optimization

Nonlinear radiative and mixed convective flow of an Eyring-Powell fluid with Joule heating and entropy optimization

Free convection investigation for a Casson-based Cu-H 2 O nanofluid in semi parabolic enclosure with corrugated cylinder.

The optimization of heat transfer in various engineering applications, such as thermal management systems and energy storage devices, remains a crucial challenge. This study aims to investigate the potential of Casson-based Cu-H2O nanofluids in enhancing free convection heat transfer within complex geometries. The research examines the free convection heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics of a Casson-based Cu-H2O nanofluid within a semi-parabolic enclosure that includes a wavy corrugated cylinder. Utilizing numerical simulations based on the Galerkin Finite Element Method, the study investigates the impact of different factors, including the Rayleigh number (103≤Ra ≤ 106), Casson fluid parameter (0.1≤γ≤1), corrugation number (3≤N≤10), nanoparticle volume fraction (0≤ϕ≤0.15), and enclosure inclination angle (0°≤ζ≤60°), on both heat transfer efficiency and flow patterns. The results reveal that increasing the Rayleigh number and Casson fluid parameter enhances heat transfer performance, with the average Nusselt number increasing by up to 165% as Ra increases from 103 to 106. An optimal range of corrugation numbers is identified for maximizing heat transfer at higher Rayleigh numbers. The addition of nanoparticles significantly improves heat transfer, with a 20% increase in the average Nusselt number observed at Ra=105 when the nanoparticle volume fraction increases from 0 to 0.15. These findings provide valuable insights for designing more efficient thermal management systems in applications such as electronics cooling, solar thermal collectors, and heat exchangers, potentially leading to improved energy efficiency and performance in various industrial and technological sectors.

Boundary control of unsteady natural convective slip flow in reactive viscous fluids

We consider the optimal control of unsteady natural convective flow of reactive viscous fluid with heat transfer. It is assumed that Newton's law governs the heat transfer within an exothermic reaction under Arrhenius kinetics and Navier slip condition on the lower surface of the channel. The flow is examined in a vertical channel formed by two infinite vertical parallel plates, with a distance (H) between them. Time-dependent natural convective slip flow of reactive viscous fluid and heat transfer equations are solved in a unit interval using the Galerkin-Finite Element Method (FEM) with quadratic finite elements in space and the implicit Euler method in time. The direct solutions are obtained for testing various values of the problem parameters: the Biot number, the Frank Kamenetskii parameter, the Navier slip parameter, and the computation of the skin friction and the Nusselt number $(Nu)$. The optimal control problem is designed for the momentum and energy equations to derive the fluid-prescribed velocity and temperature profiles by defining controls on the boundary of the domain in two ways: (a) controls are formulated as parameters in the boundary conditions, such as slip length and Biot number; (b) controls are assigned as time-dependent functions in the boundary conditions, representing the slip velocity and the heat transfer rate. Following a discretize-then-optimize approach to the control problem, optimization is performed by the SLSQP (Sequential Least Squares Programming) algorithm, a subroutine of SciPy. Numerically simulated results show that the proposed approach successfully drives the flow to prescribed velocity and temperature profiles.

Legendre wavelet based numerical method for the solution of marangoni convective flow of dusty ree-erying fluid over a riga plate with activation energy

AbstractLegendre wavelet based numerical method has been developed for the solution of the system of non-linear differential equations arising in the study of a Marangoni convective flow of dusty Ree-Erying fluid over a Riga plate in Darcy-Forchheimer medium with Soret, Dufour, non-linear radiation, activation energy effects and entropy generation analysis. The proposed method is validated by comparing the solutions of the test problem with the Bernoulli wavelet based numerical method and the exact solution and by comparing the results of the considered dusty fluid problem for some fixed parameters with the previously published results. The effects of various factors on the velocity, thermal, concentration attributes are studied by using the proposed method. It is observed that the Ree-Erying fluid parameter and Marangoni ratio parameter escalates the velocity and declines the temperature and concentration. The opposite behaviour is observed for Deborah number. The concentration declines for higher chemical reaction parameter and improves for activation energy. Both entropy generation and Bejan number escalates for radiation parameter and diffusion parameter. The proposed method is reliable, fast computable and powerful tool to solve the differential equations.

Impact of Lorentz force on forced convective MHD Jeffrey fluid flow through annular sector duct

Present numerical simulation is to investigate the Lorentz force and constant axial pressure gradient effects on flow and heat transfer of electrically conducting magneto-hydrodynamic, [Formula: see text] Jeffrey fluid at fully developed region of annular sector duct. The law of conservation of energy is simulated by taking two thermally boundary conditions, known as [Formula: see text]1 thermally boundary condition (i.e. constant axial heat flux with uniform peripherally temperature in the annular sector duct’s cross section) and [Formula: see text] thermally boundary condition (i.e. constant temperature axially and peripherally). The numerical results are simulated in the following range of parameters: the ratio of radii, [Formula: see text], an apex angle of duct [Formula: see text] by using [Formula: see text] number of fins, Hartman number, [Formula: see text] and the ratio of relaxation time to retardation time, [Formula: see text]. During the simulation, it has been concluded that the other parameter corresponding to Jeffrey fluid (i.e. the retardation time, [Formula: see text]), has ignored due to minor attribution on flow and heat transfer by increasing the value from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. Hartman number, [Formula: see text], upgrades the [Formula: see text] up to 18.76% and 14.60%, while [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] up to 1.82% and 1.47%/1.55% and 1.29% for [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] respectively at [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] by increasing its value from 0 to 2. At higher [Formula: see text], the difference becomes ignored in the case of [Formula: see text] when we change the annular region along radial direction.

The Donnan equilibrium is still valid in high-volume HDF.

Clinical studies have shown that hemodiafiltration reduces morbidity and mortality of dialysis patients compared to hemodialysis alone. This is attributed to its superior middle molecule clearance compared to standard hemodialysis. However, doubts arose as to whether a high convective flux through the dialyzer membrane has an influence on the equilibrium concentration of small ions, especially that of sodium. Due to the presence of negatively charged impermeable proteins on the blood side, the Gibbs-Donnan effect leads to an asymmetric distribution of membrane permeable ions on both sides of the membrane. In thermodynamic equilibrium, the concentrations of those ions can easily be calculated. However, the convective fluid flow leads to deviations from thermodynamic equilibrium. In this article, the effect of a convective flow on the ion distribution across a semipermeable membrane is analyzed in a theoretical model. Starting from the extended Nernst-Planck equation, including diffusive, convective, and electrostatic effects, a set of differential equations is derived. An approximate solution for flow speeds up to 0.1 ms-1 as well as a numerical solution are given. The results show that in any practical dialysis setting the convective flow has negligible influence on the electrolyte concentrations.

Accuracy estimation of a CFD multiphysics approach to study a mixed parallel and serpentine flow channels PEM fuel cell

Abstract This study presents a comprehensive analysis of a 50 cm2 fuel cell with mixed parallel and serpentine flow channels using Computational Fluid Dynamics modelling. Through rigorous validation against experimental measurements, the numerical model ensures accuracy in capturing convective and diffusive fluid flows, thermodynamic, and electrochemical phenomena and their mutual interaction. The study discusses a systematic procedure for achieving model convergence and identifies key parameters influencing the fitting of numerical polarization curves with experimental data. Operating within a temperature of 333 K, at atmospheric pressure, with a relative humidity of 100% for both the anode and cathode, the model offers crucial insights for advancing our understanding of fuel cell operation and guiding the development of more efficient and reliable technologies. In the activation region, reference exchange current densities and charge transfer coefficients were proved to play a significant role in reproducing the PEM fuel cell behaviour. Increasing the exchange current densities raises the voltage output in the activation polarization region while charge transfer coefficients affect the slope of the curve. In the ohmic region, a proton conduction coefficient of 1.84 and a contact resistance between gas diffusion layers and bipolar plates equal to 4.03e-7 Ω·m2 were used to fit the experimental polarization curve. After the tuning process, the numerical curve closely matches the experimental one with a maximum relative error of 2.40% and an R2 value of 0.9848. Moreover, a detailed analysis of the internal distribution of key variables was conducted for a specific point on the polarization curve (0.25 A/cm2). This analysis provided significant insights into the complex interplay of fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and electrochemical processes. Specifically, it was observed how the flow distribution, pressure drop, and reactant concentrations within the fuel cell channels and gas diffusion layers affect overall performance, highlighting the crucial role of convection and diffusion in reactant transport and the importance of managing heat for optimal cell operation.

Free convective flow of Ostwald-de Waele fluid in a Π-shaped cavity with heated strip and lateral wall cooling

This paper studies the free convection of Ostwald-de Waele fluid in a Π-shaped chamber with a Π-shaped heated strip at the lower mid-section. The upper wall and the remaining sections of the lower wall are thermally insulated, while the lateral walls are maintained at a low temperature. The primary objective is to identify the optimal power-law index (n) and the geometric configurations of the strip that yield enhanced heat transfer. Furthermore, the impact of Rayleigh number (Ra) on the thermal performance of the cavity in that optimum condition is to be investigated. The Galerkin finite element approach has been employed to resolve the governing equations and auxiliary conditions. Within the study, the power-law index of the Ostwald-de Waele fluid has been systematically varied (0.6 ≤ n ≤ 1.4). At the same time, the variations in the non-dimensional height (0.1 ≤ ζ ≤ 0.5) and width (0.1 ≤ ε ≤ 0.3) of the heated strip have been explored. The results show improved thermal performance with a growth in Rayleigh number, particularly when n < 1. The average Nussetl number for n = 0.6 at Ra = 106 is approximately 14 % higher than for n = 1.4. The findings further indicate an increment of 35 % in the heat transfer rate when the height of the strip decreases from 0.5 to 0.1. This investigation provides valuable insights into the natural convection phenomena of Ostwald-de Waele fluid in complex geometries, paving the way for advanced thermal management techniques in various engineering applications.

Convective diffusive thermal flow over an inclined surface with viscous dissipation and aligned magnetic field applications

This investigation incorporating the fluctuation in heat and mass transfer associated to the mixed convection magnetized flow of viscous fluid due to inclined surface with porous media. The contribution of Soret effects and viscous dissipation appliances is addressed. Furthermore, the heat transfer improvement is also assessed by thermal radiation, heat source and joule heating effects. The chemical reaction enrollment is also studied for concentration phenomenon. The convection of problem into non-dimensional framework is based on implication of new variables. The perturbation technique is followed to tracking the analytical outcomes. Physical visualization and interpretation of results under the influence of perturbed parameters have been studied. It is observed that heat and mass transfer enhances due to Soret number. Presence of chemical reaction leads to decrement of concentration profile. Claimed results presents applications in heat and mass transfer processes, chemical reaction, manufacturing systems, chemical engineering, extrusion processes etc.

Radiation absorption, Hall and ion-slip current – driven MHD convection with spanwise cosinusoidally fluctuating temperature: a perturbative study

This study investigates the impact of radiation absorption, Hall and ion-slip current on magnetohydrodynamic free convective fluid flow past an infinite vertical porous plate with viscous dissipation and chemical reaction in the presence of Spanwise Cosinusoidally fluctuating temperature by time. Its significance extends across a wide array of applications, including advanced heat transfer systems for electronics, optimization of material processing kinetics, and fostering innovation for tailored material properties, with far-reaching implications spanning aerospace and renewable energy sectors. The governing equations, subject to stipulated boundary conditions are analyzed using the multiple regular perturbation method. The results are visually presented to evaluate the influence of various parameters on system dynamics. Graphical representations illustrate the physical significance of parameters including velocity, temperature, concentration, skin friction, mass transfer rate and heat transfer coefficients. The findings reveal that increased values of Hall and ion-slip current effects correlate with acceleration of velocity and skin friction. Moreover, higher radiation absorption parameter values lead to enhancements in velocity, temperature and Nusselt number. Conversely, different chemical reaction rates and Schmidt number values result in declines in velocity, concentration and Sherwood number. Additionally, incremental values of the Eckert number improve velocity and Nusselt number but have a reverse impact on temperature. The findings of this research align with those from prior examinations.

Influence of solid cylinders on fluid flow and thermal analysis in a curved channel with constant magnetic field

The current study explores the numerical simulation of constant mixed convection heat transfer and fluid flow within a channel, driven by the inlet velocity. The investigation focuses on a curved irregular channel where the presence of three differently sized circular obstacles introduces an unpredictable element to the heat transfer process. For the two-dimensional physical scenario, mathematical equations are formulated to analyze velocity and temperature. Employing appropriate dimensional variables, the coupled partial differential equations are transformed into dimensionless form. Subsequently, the Finite Element Method (FEM) is employed to simulate the results for non-dimensional physical parameters such as Reynolds number, Richardson number, Hartmann number, nanoparticles' volume fraction, and various states of the circular obstacles on heated lines, flow structure, velocities, and temperatures at mean positions generating isotherms, streamlines, velocity, and temperature profiles for various parameter increments. The analysis reveals significant influences of Reynolds number (Re) and heated circular obstacles on the temperature profile, manifesting as heated lines within the system. The analysis brings to light the substantial impacts of nanoparticles on the temperature profile at both the vertical and horizontal mean positions. An elevated Hartmann number signifies a more robust magnetic field than viscous forces. A heightened magnetic field can hinder fluid movement and modify the patterns of heat transfer. Based on the graphical results, we infer that temperature differences tend to arise between strata as the Richardson number increases, leading to a heightened and more evident stratification.

Identifying fluid pathways in hydrothermal deposits using hidden Markov models: Representation of fluid flow as exploration criteria

Hydrothermal mineral systems are formed by the transport of metals from large source areas through convective fluid flow, subsequent leading to deposition of these metals at specific sites. The fluid pathways are crucial for connecting mineral sources with favorable zones of mineral deposition. However, due to the complexity of fluid flow and limitations in sampling cost, assay cost, and expert experience, inferring fluid pathways poses a significant challenge. In this paper, we leverage the continuous and extensive characteristics of exploration data to identify fluid pathways in hydrothermal deposits, uncovering the hidden patterns from their mineralization footprints and favorable structural features within the data. By modeling the fluid flow as a Markov process, we tailor a hidden Markov model (HMM) to identify fluid pathways using observations of mineralization and structural features. Specifically, we identify the latent geometry of fluid pathways by maximizing their posterior probability as represented by the HMM. We then represent the identified fluid pathways as two quantitative and mappable exploration criteria—trajectory length and pathway flux—which serve as predictor variables in 3D mineral prospectivity mapping. Our method is applied to the Xiadian orogenic gold deposit in the Jiaodong Peninsula, China. The results suggest that the formation of Xiadian deposit is attributed to a series of fluid trajectories originating from two injection points. By using the exploration criteria derived from the identified fluid pathways, we significantly enhance the accuracy and efficacy of mineral prospectivity mapping, demonstrating the proposed HMM as an effective artificial intelligence tool for mineral exploration targeting.

Computational analysis of magnetohydrodynamic ternary-hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transfer inside a porous cavity with shape effects

The current study aims to analyze the magnetohydrodynamic natural convective fluid flow and heat transmission features of the ternary-hybrid nanofluid filled the partially heated porous square cavity under the impacts of heat absorption/generation and thermal radiation. The governing equations are solved using the Marker and Cell method. In the present study, three different types of nanoparticles, such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT), and silver (Ag), are suspended in an inorganic (water) or non-polar organic (kerosene) solvent. Nine different shapes of nanoparticles are utilized in this study. The outcomes show that for the fixed pertinent parameter values of the existence and nonexistence of heat generation/absorption, the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/water ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average thermal transmission rate is increased by 40.8523%, 36.329%, and 38.7025%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. In addition, utilizing the MoS2+SWCNT+Ag/kerosene ternary-hybrid nanofluids synthesized by lamina-shaped nanoparticles, the average heat transmission rate is augmented by 38.0322%, 33.0464%, and 35.5868%, respectively, than sphere-shaped nanoparticles. The current study reveals that the fluid flow and heat transfer efficiency are significantly increased by improving the nanoparticle volume fraction and shape factors depending upon the existence of heat absorption/generation. The high average heat transfer efficiency is observed when lamina-shaped nanoparticles are dispersed into the water compared to kerosene in the presence of a heat source. This study can enhance heat transmission efficiency in various industrial and engineering fields, such as heat exchangers, solar collectors, and fuel cells.

Analytical investigation of convective phenomena with nonlinearity characteristics in nanostratified liquid film above an inclined extended sheet

Abstract This work focuses on the time-variant convective thin-film nanoliquid fluid flow and heat transfer over a stretching, inclined surface under the effect of magnetism for different energy technologies for sustainability. It is crucial to understand how solid materials can be treated with thin films while focusing on the actual ability to improve the body surface features for infiltration, shock resistance, rigidness, brightness, dispersal, absorption, or electrical efficiency. All of these improvements are invaluable, especially in the field of nanotechnology. As with any mass and thermal transport phenomena, the study breaks down important factors such as thermophoresis and Brownian movement, in an attempt to improve the energetic balance and lessen fuel consumption. Utilizing the mathematical model of the temporal evolution on the liquid film flow characteristics over an inclined surface, we obtain a system of nonlinear partial differential equations and convert it to a system of coupled ordinary differential equations appropriately. Finally, the results of the model problem computational analysis are produced using the Laplace Adomian decomposition method (LADM) and are shown both quantitatively and visually. During the flow analysis, the impact of specific flow parameters such as the magnetic, Brownian, and thermophoresis parameters are examined and found to be highly significant. Furthermore, it is found that the effects of ( M M ) and (Nt) factors on ( F F ), ( Φ \Phi ), and ( ϕ \phi ) lead to decreased conduction. Conversely, the thermal gradient within the liquid films rises in proportion to the (Nb) factor. This research is distinguished from similar attempts made in the past in terms of thin-film nanoliquid flow from inclined planes and application of LADM approach toward modeling. The findings have provided tangible use in coming up with new methods of cooling electronics gadgets, energy harvesting for solar energy, and eco-friendly industrial processes.

Implementing the predictor-corrector approach to examine the thermo-solutal convection for buongiorno eyring-powell nanofluid model with squeezed microcantilivier surface

The Buongiorno nanofluid model serves as a foundational model for theoretical and experimental research in the field of nanofluids, and this model can be applied to various engineering problems, including heat exchangers, biomedical applications, solar collectors, nuclear reactors, and different cooling systems in the automotive and electronics industries. The use of nanofluids in the Eyring-Powell fluid over a squeezed sensing surfaces is a vital area of research for the design and improvement of microfluidic devices and sensors, which find widespread usage in industrial and medical applications. The main purpose of this work is to note the augmentation in thermal conductivity by using the Buongiorno nanofluid model along with the natural convective flow of non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell fluid that is moving on the squeezed sensory surface along with slip velocity. The viscosity of a fluid is assumed to be dependent on temperature. The Cattaneo-Christov heat and mass flux and chemical reaction are assumed to determine the combined effect of heat and mass transport. The governing model of equations is in the form of dimensional partial differential equations, and we have to convert these equations into ordinary differential equations; therefore, a set of similarity transformations is adopted for making the equations into dimensionless form. The numerical results were obtained by adopting the predictor and corrector multistep method, namely the ‘Adams-Bashforth’ technique, in Matlab software. The use of natural convective flow enhances the velocity region. The velocity slip parameter increases the velocity of the fluid, whereas the viscosity parameter drops the velocity profile. The thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters are the sources of the increment in the temperature region. The thermal relaxation and solutal relaxation parameters are the sources of decline in the temperature region. The squeezing parameter is the source of reduction in the skin friction, whereas the result indicates that the fluid parameter, Grashof number, and viscosity coefficients increase the skin friction.

Irreversible and reversible chemical reaction impacts on convective Maxwell fluid flow over a porous media with activation energy

The Maxwell model of fluid flow in a rotating frame over a porous media is investigated in this paper. Binary chemical reactions and fluid movement under activation energy are both covered in this study. The impact of mass and heat transmission along the boundary layer is investigated in an equilibrium process. Using the method of similarity transformation, the controlling partial differential equations are changed into ordinary differential equations. The results are confirmed using the bvp4c Matlab built-in programme, and the altered equations are resolved utilizing a 4th order Runge Kutta based shooting method. Reversible and irreversible processes, activation energy, chemical reactions, Deborah numbers, and rotation parameters are some of the parameters for which the results are offered in tables and graphs. The prior objective of this study is to examine the impact of activation energy and chemical reactions on Maxwell fluid flow in an equilibrium setting. The concentration boundary layer for reversible flows is significantly finer than that of irreversible flows with the influence of activation energy, chemical reaction, and rotation factors. A reduced boundary layer thickness can improve the rates of heat and mass transmission in tremendous applications, such as exchangers of heat and chemical reactors. In this chemical process, sulphuric acid is utilized as a catalyst along with Maxwell fluid which affects the boundary layer reaction rate and selectivity. This is crucial for efficient catalytic process design. Controlling reaction rates using fluid elasticity and reaction kinetics is useful in operations that need accurate product production.

Nanoparticle shape factor impact on double diffusive convection of Cu-water nanofluid in trapezoidal porous enclosures: A numerical study

Enclosures that contain both fluid and porous regions are utilized in various industries and geophysical processes to enhance heat and mass transfer. These enclosures find applications in fields such as geothermal engineering, drying of porous solids, cooling of electronics, metal solidification, and many others. In line with the motivation behind these applications, the present study explores double diffusion in the naturally convective flow of water-based nano fluid saturated in the trapezoidal porous enclosure and containing Copper (Cu) nano particles. The impact of uniformly applied radiative heat flux and nano particle shape factor is also accounted. A numerical investigation was carried out using a finite difference methodology integrated into a computational MATLAB code for numerical simulation. The simulation aimed to study the effect of nanoparticle shape factor on the effectiveness of a porous medium, which is exposed to two distinct objectives: enhancing heat transfer and optimizing mass transfer within a fluid-saturated porous medium. This research conducts a meticulous parametric exploration, underscoring the pivotal roles played by Darcy number (Da), nanofluid shape factor (m), Rayleigh number (Ra), thermal radiation (Rd), buoyancy ratio (Nr), and Lewis number (Le) in shaping the dynamics of flow, heat, and concentration transfer. The analysis of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers reveals that changing the shape of nano-particles from spheres to bricks increases the heat flux and mass flux coefficients by approximately 0.33% and 1.37% respectively. The results show a significant increase in Nusselt and Sherwood numbers, with blade-shaped nanoparticles demonstrating approximately a 2.97% and 10.82% improvement, respectively, compared to sphere-shaped nanoparticles. The outcome of this analysis yields an exhaustive dataset encompassing Nusselt and Sherwood numbers can be written as mathematical functions based on the parameters we talked about earlier.