Control Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

A review on method development and validation of stability indicating RP HPLC Method for metformin and Empagliflozin

Metformin HCl and empagliflozin are oral antidiabetic medications that help control blood sugar levels. A simple, precise, rapid, accurate, sensitive, specific, and stable RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of Metformin and Empagliflozin in drug bulk form and drug dosage. This new RP-HPLC method is superior to formal reversed-phase HPLC with reduced solvent usage, retention time, resolution, and cost. Upper region separation was performed on a Waters HPLC system equipped with a PDA detector and autosampler. Both Metformin and Empagliflozin undergo stress conditions including acid, alkali, oxidative, thermal, and photodegradation, but significant degradation was observed in acid studies. The newly developed RP HPLC chromatographic method was validated for system compatibility, linearity, robustness, accuracy, and precision.

Faktor-Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Diabetes Melitus (DM) di Desa Kubah Sentang Kecamatan Pantai Labu

Analyze the risk factors associated with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in the village of Kubah Sentang, Pantai Labu subdistrict. This type of research is quantitative descriptive with a cross sectional research design. The sample in this study were all respondents who were diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Consists of a case sample of 30 people. The factors associated with the incidence of diabetes mellitus are gender, education and hypertension with the incidence of Diabetes Mellitus in residents in the village of Kubah Sentang, Pantai Labu District. The factors that are not related to the incidence of diabetes mellitus are smoking and obesity which have no association with the incidence of DM in the village of Dome Sentang. Occupational status and physical relationships are factors that can affect the risk of diabetes mellitus in Kubah Sentang Village, Pantai Labu District. Physical activity such as exercise is an important part of health in terms of disease prevention. Exercise habits do not greatly affect the decrease in blood sugar but can increase glucose oxidation which can reduce insulin in people with diabetes mellitus. Good exercise will be useful in regulating blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus which will affect the control of blood sugar levels.

N-acetylcysteine combined with insulin attenuates myocardial injury in canines with type 1 diabetes mellitus by modulating TNF-α-mediated apoptotic pathways and affecting linear ubiquitination

The exact pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM) is still unclear. Numerous organs, including the heart, will suffer damage and malfunction as a result of long-term hyperglycemia. Currently, insulin therapy alone is still not the best treatment for type 1 DM. In order to properly treat and manage patients with type 1 DM, it is vital to seek a combination that includes both insulin and additional medications. This study aims to explore the therapeutic effect and mechanism of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) combined with insulin on type 1 DM. By giving beagle canines injections of streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan (ALX) (20 mg/kg each), a model of type 1 DM was created. The results showed that this combination could effectively control blood sugar level, improve heart function, avoid the damage of mitochondria and myocardial cells, and prevent the excessive apoptosis of myocardial cells. Importantly, the combination can activate nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) by promoting linear ubiquitination of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1) and NF-κB-essential modulator (NEMO) and inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) phosphorylation. The combination can increase the transcription and linear ubiquitination of Cellular FLICE (FADD-like IL-1β-converting enzyme) -inhibitory protein (c-FLIP), diminish the production of cleaved-caspase-8 p18 and cleaved-caspase-3 to reduce apoptosis. This study confirmed that NAC combined with insulin can promote the linear ubiquitination of RIPK1, NEMO and c-FLIP and regulate the apoptosis pathway mediated by TNF-α to attenuate the myocardial injury caused by type 1 DM. Meanwhile, the research served as a resource when choosing a clinical strategy for DM cardiac complications.

Assessment of impact of comorbidities on quality of life scores among diabetics and non-diabetics: A hospital based case control study in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand, India

Background: Health related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important patient reported outcome in any chronic disease, including diabetes and is the ultimate goal of health interventions. The objective of the study was to compare the Quality of Life (QoL) scores between patients with diabetes and those without diabetes. It also intended to compare QoL scores between the two with respect to comorbidities of various system, assess the association of increasing number of comorbidities on QoL scores in both the groups and find the determinants of QoL scores among diabetics using regression analysis. Methods: The present study was a hospital-based comparative study conducted in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand, India. The QoL scores were obtained using WHOQOLBREF questionnaire. Comparisons were made between 195 diabetics and an equal number of age and sex matched nondiabetics. Results: The total mean QoL score was significantly lower among diabetics in comparison to nondiabetics. Patients with diabetics with comorbidity of cardiovascular system reported highest mean QoL scores while those with respiratory comorbidities reported lowest mean scores. The mean QoL scores decreased with increasing number of co-morbities in both diabetics and nondiabetics, however the inter group differences were not found to be significant. Presence of three or more comorbidities (β= -9.5), income (β= 5.3), type of family (β= -5.9) and use of alcohol (β= 2.4) were significant determinants of QoL among patients of diabetes. Conclusion: The study illustrates the expanding horizons of the effect of diabetes on all the domains of life of an individual and therefore proposes and reinforces the role of interventions not just limited to control of blood sugar levels but also to enhance the quality of life of an individual with diabete

Islamic Spiritual Guidance on Changes In Blood Sugar Levels In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Diabetes Mellitus in Indonesia is increasing every year. Diabetes mellitus can be prevented, delayed and slowed down by controlling blood glucose levels. Controlling blood glucose levels in diabetics can be done with Islamic spiritual guidance. This study aims to analyze the effect of Islamic spiritual guidance on changes in blood sugar levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus patients. The research method used was quasi-experimental using a pretest-posttest two group design. A sample of 22 respondents for the intervention group and 22 respondents for the control group. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test, dependent t-test, and Spearman rank correlation. The results showed that the mean blood sugar levels of the intervention group decreased 17.96 mg / dl. Statistically there is influence of Islamic spiritual guidance on blood sugar level (p = 0,000). The total energy requirement is a confounding variable that affects changes in blood sugar levels (p = 0.002). Diabetes mellitus patients are expected to apply spiritual guidance of Islam regularly to control blood sugar levels in order to improve the health of the body and prevent complications of diabetes.

Study of Metformin as first line therapy for control of gestational diabetes in Independent University Hospital.

Objective: To assess the control of gestational diabetes with metformin and to study maternal and fetal outcome in patients using metformin. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Obs & Gynae, Independent University Hospital. Period: September 2019 to July 2021. Material & Methods: Eighty six patient diagnosed as having gestational diabetes mellitus by oral glucose tolerance test included in study and Metformin used as first line therapy along with diet for control of blood sugar levels. While patients with insulin dependent diabetes and type 2 DM were excluded from study. Results: It was observed in study, that with metformin use glycemic control was excellent in 70 (81.3%) of patients. Maternal outcome like risk of maternal weight gain>10kg, preeclampsia, and premature births were low in patient usung metformin in pregnancy and as well as neonatal risk of macrosomia, prematurity, neonatal hypoglycemia and need for hospital admission were low with the use of metformin in patients suffering from gestational diabetes. Conclusion: GDM associated adverse outcome for mother like maternal weight gain, pregnancy induced hypertension operative delivery and neonate like macrosomia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia are well controlled by the use of life style modification and metformin use in almost >80 % of cases only in few cases there is additional need of insulin therapy. Maternal and fetal outcome found to be satisfactory with the use of metformin. Further studies are required to build a more confidence.

The Effect of Sleep Disorders on Blood Sugar in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder. The hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) test is a simple laboratory test that shows the average amount of blood sugar in the last 3 months. Studies have shown that sleep is important in controlling blood sugar levels, so that sleep deprivation can reduce glucose tolerance. Lack of sleep and sleep disorders are also predictors of DM. Objectives: Given the contradictory information about the effect of sleep on blood sugar, the impact of various factors in the process of DM, including the lifestyle of patients, and the limited number of studies in this field in Iran, we decided to investigate the effect of sleep disorders on blood sugar control in people with type 1 DM. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on children with type 1 DM referred to the diabetes clinic. Their HbA1c levels were recorded in a checklist from the patient’s last test recorded in their files, and the standard Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) was completed to assess their sleep disorders with the help of the child’s parents. Achieving a score higher than 5 in the whole questionnaire means poor sleep quality. After collecting data, they were analyzed in SPSS software, version 21. Results: A total of 200 children with type 1 DM were studied, of whom 119(59.5%) were boys, 81(40.5%) were girls. Also, 79 children (39.5%) were less than 1 year old, 67(33.5%) were 1 to 2 years old and 54 were more than 3 years old. Also, 104 children (52.6%) had no sleep disorders, while 69(32.1%) had moderate, 20(11.6%) had severe, and 7(3.7%) had very severe sleep disorders. Their Mean±SD age was 10.86±4.68 years, and HbA1c level was 9.64±3.35 mmol/mol. Conclusions: This study showed that the prevalence of sleep disorders based on the PSQI was approximately 50%. There was a significant relationship between elevated HbA1c and the prevalence of sleep disorders.

Ocular Manifestations of Diabetes Mellitus: It’s Remedies and Prevention

Diabetes mellitus which is a multi systemic disease is a common public health problem which can affect children, young people, adults and older people due to uncontrolled hyperglycemia. Ocular and other systemic complications of diabetes are becoming the most significant cause of visual impairment and other morbidities and are either preventable or curable with early detection and prompt treatment. Its prevalence is increasing globally with sight threatening ocular manifestations. The most of the published articles highlighted that the common ocular manifestations were diabetic retinopathy, snow flake cataract, primary open angle glaucoma, corneal lesions, recurrent stye, Chalazion and extraocular muscle palsies. Treatment options for diabetic retinopathy are laser photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of steroids. Expert opinion is always required in a case with glaucoma, cataract, optic nerve disorders and cranial nerve palsies. Control of blood sugar level, proper nutrition and adequate physical exercise and periodic eye examination can play a crucial role for its prevention.

HUBUNGAN SELF CARE MANAGEMENT DENGAN KADAR GULA DARAH PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS DI RSUD KABUPATEN INDRAMAYU

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that is difficult to cure and causes complications. These complications can be prevented by self-care independently (self care management). Self care management includes eating or dieting, increasing physical activity, controlling blood sugar, and effective medication. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between self care management and blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods: This research is a quantitative research, with analytical descriptive method and cross sectional approach. The population is 78 respondents. The sample is 65 respondents. The research instrument used a Diabetes Self Care Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) and a laboratory to check blood sugar levels. Results: the results of this study found that most respondents have a good level of self care management 34 (52.3%). There are still many respondents whose blood sugar levels are not controlled 56 (86.2%). In this study, the p value 0.028 < = 0.05. Conclusion: self care management is associated with blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Suggestions are intended for nurses to carry out health promotion directly as well as conducting periodic health education tailored to the characteristics of the respondents, so that it is easy to understand in order to control blood sugar levels and increase awareness to do self care management.

Drug Interactions in Diabetic Ulcer Patients in an Indonesian Private Hospital

Diabetic ulcers can progress into tissue death, or gangrene, which create a risk for amputation. Measures for preventing other complications and accelerating wound healing in diabetic ulcers include blood sugar level control, diet adjustment, wound care, antidiabetic drug administration, and comorbid therapy. This leads to the use of various drugs that can potentially trigger drug interactions. This study aimed to identify possible drug interactions in the therapeutic management of diabetic ulcer patients treated in Husada Utama Hospital Surabaya, Indonesia, from January 2020–June 2022. This was a descriptive observational study using retrospective data from medical records. Results showed that 103 types of drugs were administered to 48 research samples with 41 of them experienced drug interactions (n=263 cases). Based on the severity of drug interactions, 31 cases were categorized as major cases (11.79%), with drug-class antibiotic-antiemetic interactions as the most frequent interactions. This study proves that it is essential for doctors and pharmacists.

KAJIAN PUSTAKA PENGARUH KONSELING GIZI DM TERHADAP PERILAKU MAKAN PASIEN DM DAN PENGENDALIAN KADAR GULA DARAH

Diabetes Management aims to eliminate Diabetes Mellitus complaints, improve quality of life and reduce the risk of acute complications. To achieve these goals, it is necessary to control blood glucose, blood pressure, weight, and lipid profile. This study aims to determine the effect of nutritional counseling on the eating behavior of patients with diabetes mellitus and blood sugar level control. Type of library research studies. The library collection method lists all the variables that need to be researched, looks for each variable on the subject of the encyclopedia, selects a material description material needed from available sources, more specifically is to look for articles, books, and biographies that are very helpful to obtain materials that are relevant to the problem under study, review and arrange library materials in accordance with matters of interest and relevance with the problem under study, the information obtained is then read, recorded, arranged and rewritten, the final step, which is the process of writing research from the material that has been gathered together in a research concept. Literature study results obtained 9 libraries in accordance with the research variables of researchers, literature review between DM nutritional counseling and eating behavior shows an influence. literature review results between counseling and controlling blood sugar levels indicate an influence. It can be concluded that there is a significant influence between DM nutritional counseling on the eating behavior of DM patients and controlling blood sugar levels. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, nutritional counseling, eating behavior, controlling blood sugar levels.

Mindfulness eating based on spiritual interventions on diet compliance and blood sugar levels in type 2 DM patients

Introduction: Diet is one component of diabetes mellitus (DM) self-management for controlling blood sugar levels. Several obstacles in the implementation of the diet program have the potential for non-compliance, so that blood sugar levels tend to increase. Mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention is one of the interventions that is expected to form adaptive eating behavior control to achieve dietary compliance and controlled blood sugar levels. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention on dietary compliance and blood sugar levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study's quasi-experimental, untreated control group design included dependent pre- and post-test samples. The population used was all patients with type 2 diabetes. The sample was taken using a simple random sampling technique with determination according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The independent variables in this study were mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention, while the dependent variables were dietary compliance and blood sugar levels. A glucometer and the Personal Diabetes Questionnaire (PDQ) were the tools employed in this investigation. The t-test was used as the statistical test. Results: There were a total of 50 samples that were divided between the control group and the intervention group. The results of the statistical test showed that mindfulness eating based on spiritual intervention had a statistically significant effect on dietary compliance (p < 0.001) and blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conclusion: The value of diet adherence is greatly increased by mindfulness eating practices based on spiritual intervention, and mean blood glucose levels are significantly reduced at the conclusion of the study. Exercises in mindfulness eating that are based on spiritual intervention can be popularized as a way to deal with dietary issues and blood sugar regulation.

Pengaruh Edukasi Gizi Terhadap Pengetahuan, Pola Makan Dan Kadar Glukosa Darah Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 RSU Kota Mataram Dengan Provinsi NTB

The phenomenon of diabetes mellitus from year to year an increasing number. One major factor is the lack of knowledge in conducting therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus diit so may lead to increased blood sugar levels. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of nutrition education to increase the knowledge, dietary compliance and uncontrolled blood sugar levels Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatient in Kota Mataram Dg Provinsi NTB Public Hospital Jeneponto. The design of this research was experimental studies with pre experimental designs One Group Pretest And Postest Design. Sampling was conducted using purposive sampling technique with a sample of 30 people. Data was collected by the secondary data and primary data. The dietary pattern data was collected by 24 hours recall questionnaire, blood glucose level of patients were measured by blood glucose meter. While the knowledge of patients were collected by interview using questionnaire.given before and after the education. Height and weight of patients were measured by scale and microtoice. The secondary data are the description of hospital and laboratory result data obtained from the hospital. Data analysis was performed by Mc Nemar test.The results showed, after education, knowledge of patients categorized sufficiently increased (p = 0.031), from 33.3% to 53.3%, as well as the diet of patients (p = 0.003), from 23.3% to 60 , 0% categorized fairly, as well as the patient's blood sugar levels were controlled (p = 0.000), from 3.3% to 46.7%. It is recommended to patients to better manage diet to control blood sugar levels with the help of physical activity and obedient in taking the drug.

Efektivitas Antidiabetik Oral Baik Kombinasi Maupun Tunggal Pada Pasien Diabetes Mellitus Tipe Ii Di Rsud Caruban

Diabetes Mellitus is a group of chronic metabolic disorders due to abnormal metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, characterized by hyperglycemia which is results in long-term microvascular, macrovascular and neuropathic complications. Oral antidiabetic therapy is the main pharmacological therapy to treat type II diabetes mellitus. This therapy can be oral antidiabetic therapy. Thus, to find out the effectiveness of either combination or single of antidiabetics on diabetes mellitus patients, researchers conducted a studies of inpatients at RSUD Madiun. This study included as non-experimental observational study with a cross-sectional study design at RSUD Caruban. Data were collected from Medical Records in October 2018. The sampling method that used in this study was non probability with purposive sampling technique, so there are 58 patients as a total sample. The results showed that the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective single ADO was Metformin, because Metfomin was able to reduce blood sugar levels with an average length of stay of 6.17 and the effectiveness of controlling blood sugar levels when using an effective combination of ADO was Metformin and acarbosa, because Metfomin and acarbosa are able to reduce blood sugar average length of stay 7 days inpatient.

Fiber Intake and Vegan Lifestyle Behaviour on Blood Glucose Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: A Case-Control Study.

The study aims to determine the relationship between blood glucose level control with a vegetarian diet and vegan lifestyle behavior in patients with T2DM. Diabetes prevalence escalates each year. Nutritional therapy is one of its management, by choosing a suitable diet to maintain nutrient intake. This was a case-control study including 46 patients with T2DM divided into 24 people for the case group and 22 people for the control group selected using purposive sampling method. Data was obtained using a general questionnaire; food intake with the SQFFQ; the 8-item Morisky Scale questionnaire, to assess medication adherence; the IPAQ, to assess physical activity. Blood sugar measurements were observed by measuring the respondents' fasting blood sugar in the last six months. The data was then analyzed using Chi-square statistical test and logistic regression. The results indicate a relationship between a vegetarian diet and a vegan lifestyle behavior that control blood sugar levels in patients with T2DM (P = 0.004). Diabetic patients on a nonvegetarian diet had a six times greater risk of having uncontrolled blood sugar (OR = 6.476). A significant relationship was found between a vegetarian diet and fasting blood sugar control based on bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, fiber intake was most significant to blood glucose control (OR=18.824; 95% CI 2.795-126.795). Vegetarian diet affects blood sugar control in T2DM patients. The type of nutritional intake needs to be more considered rather than the vegetarian diet in general, so that nutritional therapy in diabetics can be started by increasing fiber intake.

Analysis of PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus at Puskesmas Tulungagung in 2022

Background. Non-communicable diseases are still a global and national problem. Around 71% of deaths worldwide are caused by non-communicable diseases, and about 36 million people per year died from them in 2016. One of these preventions is the prevention of type-2 diabetes mellitus (type-2 DM), which can be done by knowing the risk factors. There are two risk factors for type-2 DM: the ones we can change and the ones we cannot change. We can change our lifestyle, such as what food we consume, rest patterns, physical activity, and stress management. In contrast, we cannot change age and genetics. Objective. This research aimed to analyze PROLANIS activities on controlling type-2 diabetes mellitus. Methods. This research is a cross-sectional study carried out at selected Puskesmas (Community Health Center) in Tulungagung Regency between April and July 2022. The selection of research locations was based on the area’s characteristics in Tulungagung Regency, namely urban Puskesmas, rural Puskesmas, and mountainous Puskesmas. One Puskesmas represented each region. Results. Based on data from the Health Department of Tulungagung, with the results of 546 type-2 DM patients, only 34% participated in the PROLANIS (chronic disease management program) activities. Of those who participated in PROLANIS, 36% could control their type-2 DM, which means there were still many type-2 DMs that had not been controlled. Conclusion. There was a relationship between attendance in PROLANIS activities and controlled blood sugar levels in patients with type-2 DM.

Role of Pathya-Apathya in the Management of Prameha (Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus)

Before starting management of any disease three important things to be kept in mind that is etiology, well planning, and Pathya-Apathya. Pathya–Apathya plays important role in the management of various disorders. Prameha is one of such disorder in which Pathya-Apathya affect its morbidity. Etiology, etiopathogenesis with clinical manifestation of Prameha are very well described in ancient textbook like Charaka Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Astanga Hridyam and Astanga Samgraha etc. In all treatise of Ayurveda, Prameha is considered as Santarpanajanya Vikara that is of three types i.e., Vataj, Pittaj and Kaphaja. Madhumeha mentioned under the heading of Vataj Prameha that is closely correlated to diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Mellitus is of two type viz., Type-1 Diabetes & Type-2 Diabetes. Among that, Type-2 diabetes is non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus that occur in middle age. In this clinical entity insulin resistance was developed. In its management, Pathya–Apathya contributes a major role in controlling blood sugar level. Therefore, author attempted to highlight role of Pathya–Apathya (do’s & don’t) in the management of Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Dynamic control and timely correction of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients undergoing traumatic spinal vertebral fracture surgery to reduce surgery site infection

ObjectivesThis study was designed to clarify the impact of precise and dynamic control and timely correction of accurate blood sugar control in reducing the rate of post-spinal fracture surgery infections in impaired glucose tolerance or diabetic patients by posterior approach. MethodsIn this single-blinded clinical trial, a total of 290 patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance candidate for traumatic spinal vertebral fracture by posterior approach (PSF) were randomly assigned to either a blood glucose control group (n = 145) or a control group (n = 145). The blood glucose control group received precise control of blood sugar levels before, during, and after surgery, while the control group did not. The incidence of SSI was compared between the two groups at one- and six months post-surgery using statistical tests and SPSS software version 22. ResultsBased on intergroup comparisons, the rate of infection at the site of surgery one month after spinal vertebral fracture surgery (PSF) in patients in the blood glucose control group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.05, 4.8%, and 11.7%). There was no significant difference between the rate of infection in the surgical site six months after spinal vertebral fracture surgery (PSF) in patients of the two groups studied (P > 0.05, 4.1%, and 4.8%). According to intragroup comparisons, there was no significant difference between the infection rate of the surgical site one month and six months after spinal vertebral fracture surgery in the patients of the blood sugar control group (P > 0.05). In patients in the control group, the infection rate at the surgery site of surgery 6 months after surgery was significantly lower than at the site of surgery one month after surgery (P < 0.05). Logistic multivariate regression analysis revealed that malnutrition variables, malignancy, duration of stay in the ICU after surgery, and blood sugar correction intervention statistically correctly contributed significantly to the classification of patients with infection and predicted the incidence of infection in Patients (P < 0.05). ConclusionAccurate and timely blood sugar control before, during, and after spinal vertebral fracture surgery by posterior approach is crucial in reducing the risk of SSI in diabetic or impaired glucose tolerance patients. The study highlights the importance of both dynamic control and timely correction of blood glucose levels, not only in the early postoperative period but also in preventing later infectious complications.

Water Chestnut (Trapa natans L.): Functional characteristics, nutritional properties and applications in food industry: A review

An annual floating-leaved aquatic plant, the water chestnut (Trapa natans L.), is found in temperate and tropical freshwater wetlands, rivers, lakes, ponds, and estuaries. Hydrophytes that produce starch called water chestnut has the potential to serve as a reliable food supply, particularly in flood-prone wasteland areas. It is loaded with minerals and essential nutrients. Water chestnuts are not actually nuts, despite their name. They are aquatic tuber vegetables that may be found in shallow lakes, paddy fields, marshes, and ponds. Water chestnuts are indigenous to numerous islands in the Indian and Pacific oceans, as well as Southeast Asia, Southern China, Taiwan, Australia, and Africa. When the corm, or bulb, acquires a dark brown hue, they are picked. They are a typical ingredient in Asian recipes including stir-fries, chop suey, curries, and salads because of their crisp, white meat, which may be eaten raw or cooked. The huge, nourishing seed of the water chestnut, a native of Eurasia and Africa, has been widely collected since the Neolithic, and it is now grown for food throughout Asia. Water chestnuts have several advantages over other foods, including being particularly nutrient-dense and low in calories. A wonderful source of fibre, water chestnuts may aid in promoting bowel movements, lowering blood cholesterol, neuro-protective, controlling blood sugar levels, and maintaining the health of your gut. In addition, carbohydrates account for the majority of the calories in water chestnuts. Although they are abundant in fibre, potassium, manganese, copper, vitamin B6, and riboflavin, uncooked water chestnuts are 74% water, which means they are often low in calories. Due to its usage in the treatment of gastrointestinal illnesses, genitourinary system disorders, liver, kidney, and spleen disorders, Trapa natans is one of the most significant medicinal plants in Indian Ayurveda.

Medication Adherence, Glycemic Control and Quality of Life in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: a cross-sectional study

Medication adherence is important in controlling blood sugar levels (HbA1c) in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Studies on the relationship between medication adherence and blood sugar control on the quality of life (QoL) in Type 2 DM patients are limited in Indonesia. This study aims to assess the relation between medication adherence with blood sugar control and the quality of life of Type 2 DM patients. This study used a cross-sectional design conducted at Universitas Indonesia Hospital. It used Medication Adherence questionnaires and EuroQoL 5D-5L questionnaires to assess patients’ medication adherence and quality of life. This study involved a total of 74 Type 2 DM patients with an average age of 57 ± 10.74 years. Medication adherence with good blood sugar control (HbA1c &lt;7%) showed a significant relationship (p-value &lt;0.05) with COR values of 3.74 (1.21 - 11.6) compared to non-adherent patients. But not on the QoL Index and VAS (Visual Analog Scale) values, where the value is lower in patients with high adherence and good blood sugar control. Factor asscociated with blood sugar controlled were comorbidites and medication adhrence while factor that associated with quality of life were comorbidities, ages, education and employment status