Control Blood Sugar Levels Research Articles

1927-P: Metabolomics of Normal Weight vs. Overweight Diabetics

The majority of people living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are overweight or obese due to the additional burden of applying insulin to properly control blood sugar levels. However, some people, especially Asian populations, develop T2DM with a low BMI (normal weight). This discrepancy may be resulted from differences in body fat and muscle mass for a given BMI. In order to investigate the influences of body weight on the onset of T2DM, we collected plasma samples from 9 overweight and 17 normal-weight diabetic patients as a pilot study, then applied untargeted metabolomics profiling on these plasma samples. By combining Hydrophilic Interaction (HILIC) and Reverse-Phase Liquid Chromatography (RPLC)-Mass Spectrometry, we comprehensively detected and relatively quantified 5,469 metabolites. We then employed various pattern recognition algorithms (principal component analysis, hierarchical clustering, Welsh t-test, etc.), clearly separated overweight and normal-weight diabetic groups based on their plasma metabolite profiling. Furthermore, we statistically identified 52 significantly different metabolites between these two groups, mainly involved in lipid metabolism. These results not only demonstrate that untargeted metabolomics is able to serve as an efficient diagnostic tool to distinguish overweight and normal-weight diabetic patients, but also provide meaningful insights into molecular mechanisms about tight relationships between diabetes and obesity, further facilitate biomarker discovery for early diagnosis and differentiation of normal/overweight diabetes. Disclosure L. Faroqi: None.

21. α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors from Plant Extracts

About 80% of diabetic people have come from developing countries. Indonesia is seventh of diabetics. Diabetes is a disease as a result of metabolic disorder that caused by lack of insulin secretion and/or insulin do not work properly, so that the sugar highly accumulated in blood (characterized by hyperglycemia). Normally, range of blood sugar is 70 - 110 mg / dL before meals and less than 140 mg / dL after meals. One therapeutic approach to control blood sugar level is to inhibit the activity of starch hydrolysis enzymes, namely α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The active compounds of plant extracts have a unique and diverse structure compared to synthetic ones. This characteristics are important because the inhibition of enzyme activity by active compounds from plant extracts is known to make the formation of chemical bonds (affinity) between the active compounds and enzymes. A number of active compounds from plant extracts such as tannins, flavonoids, polysaccharides, saponins, terpenoids are known to inhibit the activity of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In this study, we discuss some active compounds that inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzyme from plant extracts.

The CORRELATION OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITH THE ELASTICITY OF CORONARY ARTERIES

Coronary arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. These vessels can experience constriction due to the accumulation of plaque which causes atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by reduced coronary artery elasticity. Blood glucose levels are one of the factors that cause atherosclerosis. The aims of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation of blood sugar levels with the elasticity of coronary arteries.
 This study is an analytical study with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all patients who visited the Gipateda Tulungagung treatment clinic that was more than 30 years old and female. Through accidental sampling technique, 30 respondents were obtained. The study was conducted from March 1, 2016 to May 1, 2016. Data was collected using a quantum resonance magnetic analyzer (QMRA) to determine the value of blood sugar levels and the value of elasticity of coronary arteries. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by bivariate linear regression tests to determine whether there was a significant correlation of blood sugar levels with the elasticity of coronary arteries.
 The results showed that the p value is 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there was a significant correlation between blood sugar levels and the elasticity of the coronary arteries. High blood glucose levels can damage the vascular endothelium and also increasing platelet agegrat, so that can resulting atherosclerosis. Every individual should be able to control blood sugar levels with a healthy lifestyle and early detection regularly to prevent the decrease of coronary arteries elasticity because that can lead to coronary heart disease (CHD).

The CORRELATION OF BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS WITH THE ELASTICITY OF CORONARY ARTERIES

Coronary arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle. These vessels can experience constriction due to the accumulation of plaque which causes atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is characterized by reduced coronary artery elasticity. Blood glucose levels are one of the factors that cause atherosclerosis. The aims of this study was to determine whether there was a correlation of blood sugar levels with the elasticity of coronary arteries.
 This study is an analytical study with cross sectional design. The population in this study were all patients who visited the Gipateda Tulungagung treatment clinic that was more than 30 years old and female. Through accidental sampling technique, 30 respondents were obtained. The study was conducted from March 1, 2016 to May 1, 2016. Data was collected using a quantum resonance magnetic analyzer (QMRA) to determine the value of blood sugar levels and the value of elasticity of coronary arteries. The data obtained were analyzed statistically by bivariate linear regression tests to determine whether there was a significant correlation of blood sugar levels with the elasticity of coronary arteries.
 The results showed that the p value is 0.000 < 0.05, which means that there was a significant correlation between blood sugar levels and the elasticity of the coronary arteries. High blood glucose levels can damage the vascular endothelium and also increasing platelet agegrat, so that can resulting atherosclerosis. Every individual should be able to control blood sugar levels with a healthy lifestyle and early detection regularly to prevent the decrease of coronary arteries elasticity because that can lead to coronary heart disease (CHD).

Molecular Insight and Mode of Inhibition of α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase by Pahangensin A from Alpinia pahangensis Ridl.

The inhibition of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes in human digestive organs is crucial in controlling blood sugar levels, which is important in treating type 2 diabetes. In the current study, pahangensin A (1), a bis-labdanic diterpene characterized previously in the rhizomes of Alpinia pahangensis Ridl., was identified as an active dual inhibitor for α-amylase (IC50 =114.80 μm) and α-glucosidase (IC50 =153.87 μm). This is the first report on the dual α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of a bis-labdanic diterpene. The Lineweaver-Burk plots of compound 1 indicate that it is a mixed-type inhibitor with regard to both enzymes. Based on molecular docking studies, compound 1 docked in a non-active site of both enzymes. The dual inhibitory activity of compound 1 makes it a suitable natural alternative in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Abilities of berberine and chemically modified berberines to interact with metformin and inhibit proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells.

Pancreatic cancer is devastating cancer worldwide with few if any truly effective therapies. Pancreatic cancer has an increasing incidence and may become the second leading cause of death from cancer. Novel, more effective therapeutic approaches are needed as pancreatic cancer patients usually survive for less than a year after being diagnosed. Control of blood sugar levels by the prescription drug metformin in diseases such as diabetes mellitus has been examined in association with pancreatic cancer. While the clinical trials remain inconclusive, there is hope that certain diets and medications may affect positively the outcomes of patients with pancreatic and other cancers. Other natural compounds may share some of the effects of metformin. One "medicinal" fruit consumed by millions worldwide is berberine (BBR). Metformin and BBR both activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which is a key mediator of glucose metabolism. Glucose metabolism has been shown to be very important in cancer and its significance is increasing. In the following studies, we have examined the effects of metformin, BBR and a panel of modified BBRs (NAX compounds) and chemotherapeutic drugs on the growth of four different human pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell lines (PDAC). Interestingly, the effects of metformin could be enhanced by BBR and certain modified BBRs. Upon restoration of WT-TP53 activity in MIA-PaCa-2 cells, an altered sensitivity to the combination of certain NAX compounds and metformin was observed compared to the parental cells which normally lack WT-TP53. Certain NAX compounds may interact with WT-TP53 and metformin treatment to alter the expression of key molecules involved in cell growth. These results suggest a therapeutic approach by combining certain pharmaceutical drugs and nutraceuticals to suppress the growth of cancer cells.

A clinical study of the risk factors leading to complication in diabetic foot ulcer

Introduction: The prevalence of foot ulceration in the general diabetic population is 4–10%, being lower (1.5–3.5%) in young and highest (5–10%) in older patients. The lifetime risk for foot ulcers in diabetic patients is about 15%. The major adverse outcome of foot ulceration is amputation. The aim of the study was to analyze the risk factors leading to complication in diabetic foot and to study the outcome of treatment of different modalities for diabetic foot. Material and Methods: This study was conducted in 100 patients of diabetic foot in the Department of general surgery at Jhalawar Hospital and medical college Jhalawar, during the period of Aug 2015to Oct 2018. Results: Commonest presenting lesion was ulcers (59%), followed by cellulitis (26%), and gangrene (15%). Trauma is the initiating factor in most of the cases. Out of which 82% of patients had infection. Most common microorganism grown from wound discharge culture was staphylococcus aureus (53%), 71 patients were treated with wound debridement out of them skin grafting was done in 15 patients, 14 of patients underwent amputation. Prognosis was batter in patients with controlled blood sugar level. Conclusion: Diabetes Mellitus is a lifelong disease and diabetic foot ulceration can be life threatening, physically incapacitating, costly to treat and result in extensive morbidity if not treated properly. Screening, proper evaluation, early identification and treatment of the ‘at risk foot’ can reduce complications.

Relaksasi Benson untuk Mengontrol Kadar Gula Darah Penderita DM di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pahandut Palangka Raya

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels. One way to manage it is with Benson Relaxation. Benson Relaxation is a relaxation technique that is a combination of relaxation techniques with individual belief systems. Research shows that Benson relaxation can reduce blood glucose levels in DM patients. Community service activities by applying the results of the study namely Benson Relaxation to control blood sugar levels were carried out in 32 DM patients. Activities include health education about DM and Benson Relaxation and the practice of carrying out Benson's Relation accompanied by the sounds of the Asmaul Husna. The media used during the activity were LCD projector and IM3 Asmaul Husna. The event went smoothly according to the plan; all participants followed the movement enthusiastically from beginning to end. During the event, the media used during the activity can function properly, and the environment is quite conducive. The evaluation results of the participants were able to mention again about DM and its management and were able to practice Benson Relaxation well. The activity provided benefits in the form of increasing knowledge about Diabetes Mellitus and its management and the ability to carry out Benson Relaxation to control blood sugar levels in DM patients in the Pahandut Community Health Center Palangka Raya Benson work area.

Inhibition of Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 (DPP IV) Activity by Some Indonesia Edible Plants

Background: Some edible plants are promising to control blood sugar level. These plants contained phenolic substances that suggested to be able to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP IV). Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of several selected Indonesia plants on inhibiting of DPP IV activity and to determine the total phenolic content of the most active extract. Methods: Twelve Indonesia edible plants were macerated using 80% ethanol at room temperature. DPP IV activity was evaluated by using glycyl-prolyl-7-amino-4-methyl coumarin (Gly-Pro-AMC) substrate and the inhibitory effect of extracts were determined based on the level of free AMC group by measuring its fluorescence on excitation wavelength 350-360 nm and an emission wavelength 450-465 nm using a microplate reader. Total phenolic contents of the active extracts were determined with Folin-Ciocalteu 1:4 on 765 nm using microplate reader. Total anthocyanins from extract were determined using the pH differential method. Results: Among the tested samples, the extract of Ipomoea batatas roots at a concentration of 10 μg/mL showed the highest inhibition, followed by Cajanus cajan leaves and Gnetum gnemon rind, with percentage inhibition of 28.8, 24.9 and 24.1, respectively. I. batatas extract have an IC50 value of 65.53 μg/mL, while the IC50 value of the positive control Sitagliptin 9.37 μg/mL. Total phenolic content from the extracts of I. batatas, C. cajan and G. gnemon rind extract were 279.3; 152.8; and 141.3 mg GAE/gram, respectively. Total anthocyanin from I. batatas extract was 462.14 mg cyanidin- 3-glucoside/L. Conclusion: The extract of I. batatas showed the highest inhibition on DPP IV among other plants investigated and showed high content of phenolic compound and anthocyanin that correlated with activity as inhibitor DPP IV.

Human cells reprogrammed to create insulin

Pancreatic cells that don’t normally produce insulin can be modified to do so, and to help control blood sugar levels in diabetic mice. Pancreatic cells that don’t normally produce insulin can be modified to do so, and to help control blood sugar levels in diabetic mice.

Evaluation of the Effects of Insulin Therapy on peripheral Nervous System in Diabetic Patients

Peripheral neuropathy is common diabetic complication that associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Insulin therapy is essential in treatment of diabetic peripheral neuropathy; however, rapid strict glycemic control may lead to many complications such as neuropathy. This study performed to evaluate the effect of insulin therapy on peripheral nervous system in patients with type 2 diabetes. This study was conducted in outpatient clinics of Neurology departments of “Azadi Teaching Hospital in Kirkuk city-Iraq” during the period from the 1st of October, 2015 to 30th of September, 2017 included 50 type 2 diabetic patients treated with insulin therapy. Patients followed up at 3rd and 6th months after first examination by evaluating fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c, Toronto scoring and nerve conduction study. Findings revealed predominance of females. There was a significant decline in overnight fasting blood sugar and hemoglobin A1c levels after 6 months follow up (p<0.001). The mean Toronto score increased from 5.9 at baseline to 10.6 after 3 months and 12.1 after 6 months. In conclusion the rapid strict glycemic control of blood sugar level is obviously considered to be a risk factor for peripheral neuropathy development among type 2 diabetic patients.

Role of Vamana (Therapeutic Emesis) and Virechana (Therapeutic Purgation) on BSL (Blood Sugar Level) in Diabetes Mellitus W.S.R. to Madhumeha: A Case Study

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a clinical syndrome characterized by hyperglycemia due to absolute or relative deficiency of insulin. Long standing metabolic derangement can lead to the development of complications of diabetes, which characteristically affect the eye, kidney and nervous system. DM occurs worldwide and is a major burden upon health care facilities in all countries. The characteristic features of DM have close resemblance with Prameha (disorder with excessive urination and turbidity) in Ayurveda. Madhumeha is a type of Vataja Prameha and is most close to DM. One variety of this Madhumeha (DM) is Aavaranjanya (due to occlusion) in which Vayu aggravates due to occlusion by Pitta or Kapha. This type of Madhumeha (DM) can be managed by Samshodhana (bio-purification) Chikitsa. Panchakarma is becoming popular in the prevention and management of lifestyle disorders. Vamana (emetic therapy) and Virechana (purgation therapy) are the two Panchakarma procedures of Samshodhana Chikitsa that are compatible to overcome this Aavarana (occlusion). A study was planned to assess their combined efficacy in controlling blood sugar level in the patient with DM by adopting classical methods of Vamana and Virechana. Although this is a single case study, but the study yields some very interesting results in reducing the blood sugar levels.

Efficacy of behavior change communication using mobile calls on glycemic control among Type 2 diabetic patients in an urban area of Pondicherry, South India: A randomized controlled trial.

CONTEXT:Lifestyle modifications play a major role in controlling blood glucose levels among diabetes mellitus for the prevention of its complications. Mobile phones can be used as an efficient tool for improving the healthy lifestyle through health education.AIMS:The aim of the study is to measure the efficacy of behavior change communication using mobile calls in controlling blood sugar levels, increasing medication adherence, healthy diet, and physical activity among diabetic patients.SETTINGS AND DESIGN:A randomized controlled trial was conducted in an urban area of Pondicherry between 50 (25 per arm) type 2 diabetes patients.SUBJECTS AND METHODS:All participants were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured. Single-time health education was given to both groups. The intervention group received a mobile phone calls reminders thrice weekly for 2 months. Changes in FBG, diet, physical activities, and adherence to medications were assessed after 2 months.STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED:Means and proportions were calculated. Chi-square test and paired t-test were used to calculate the P value.RESULTS:FBG increased significantly in the control group by 25.6 mg/dl (P = 0.03), whereas it was only 6.5 mg/dl in the intervention group (P = 0.56). Adherence to medications was increased significantly in both interventions (+21%) and control (+19%) groups. Number of fruits intake days per week (+1, P = 0.01) and fruits serving per day (+0.5, P = 0.00) have increased significantly in the intervention group. Recreational physical activity was increased in the intervention group but not statistically significant.CONCLUSION:Our study findings suggest that mobile phone calls might help to improve glycemic control. It also suggests that it could improve the adherence to medications and intake of fruits. In the future, studies with large sample size and longer intervention need to be conducted.

Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia: A detailed analysis

Introduction: Diabetic atherosclerosis is a heterogeneous condition, and that dyslipidemia is only one aspect of the pathophysiology. However, dyslipidemia is the most readily measured and, at the present time, the most readily treated aspect of the problem. The occurrence of dyslipidemia can be reduced by good glycemic control. However poor awareness and other socio-economic factors is a major concern and pose a major hindrance in controlling blood sugar levels. Objective: This study was conducted to study the dyslipidemia pattern in diabetic patients and its association with other factors. Methods: The study included 500 subjects and was divided into two groups: Group 1(Diabetic) included 276 patients and Group 2 (Non-diabetic) included 224 patients. The study patients were screened using a pretested structured questionnaire. Fasting plasma glucose and serum lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, HDL) were estimated in automated analyzer (Erba Manheim EM 200). Results: In the current study, all characteristics of diabetes were correlated with each parameter and it was found that disproportionate body mass index, high waist girth was correlated with incidence of dyslipidemia. The education levels and financial background of the subjects were also studied and it was found to correlate well with diabetic dyslipidemia. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment of dyslipidemia in diabetic patients can reduce the morbidity and mortality due to the disease.

Controlling blood sugar levels with a glycopolymersome

A novel ‘controlling sugar with sugar’ concept has been proposed for long-acting regulation of blood sugar levels using a glycopolymersome.

Effect of Alkaline Water Consumption on Decreasing Blood Sugar Levels of Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Day by day the number of patients with diabetes mellitus is increasing. In this case, patients must always take medication in order to control their blood sugar levels. In the community, it was found that there were still many patients who were unable to control their sugar levels because they were bored to take medical drugs. One alternative therapy that has become a trend now is to consume alkaline water (pH = 8.5–9.5). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of alkaline water consumption on blood sugar levels of diabetes mellitus patients in the working area of ​​Tulang Bawang 1 Health Center, Tulang Bawang Regency. This research was a pre-experimental study with one group pre-post test design approach. The population of this study were all people suffering from diabetes mellitus in the work area of ​​the Tulang Bawang 1 Health Center, with a population size of 86 people. The sample size was 50 people selected by purposive sampling technique. The collected data was presented descriptively in the form of mean values, then the hypothesis was tested using T-Test. The mean blood sugar levels of the patients before being given the intervention were 285.58 gr/dl. The mean blood sugar levels of the patients after being given the intervention (2 liters of alkaline water for 1 week) were 233.34 g/dl. It was known that there has been an average decline in blood sugar levels of 51.84 gr/dl. T-test shows that p-value was 0.000 (<0.001), so it was interpreted that alkaline water consumption can reduce blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus patients in the working area of ​​Tulang Bawang 1 Health Center, Tulang Bawang Regency. It is recommended that further research be carried out to find out more about the most effective fluid time and volume. In addition, people are expected to consume alkaline water as an alternative therapy in order to control blood sugar levels.

Correlation between the invasive fungal infection among and their blood glucose levels

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to study the association of deep fungal infection with glucose levels in critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Fasting blood glucose level was measured for 108 critically ill ICU patients in the morning. After analyzed according to the Spearman method found deep fungal infections in patients with the rise in blood glucose levels and the ratio increases, a positive correlation between the two. Deep infection in critically ill ICU patients and their blood glucose levels was closely related, and therefore, there should a focus on controlling blood sugar levels in patients.

Management of Blood Sugar Degrees in Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy (Hip) Reduces Perinatal, Infant Morbidity &amp; Mortality as a Result of a Large Prospective Cohort Learn From Up, India

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a glucose intolerance that occurs or is identified for the first time all through pregnancy. Perinatal &amp; Neonatal morbidity mortality is significant in pregnant women in GDM with extra hazard of growing diabetes later in life. Uttar Pradesh is a largest state of India with one of the highest rate of the infant as well as maternal mortality which might be, at least partially due to GDM. Thus, Careful evaluation, administration &amp; Training of HCPs for GDM can improve the outcomes in National health Mission supported Govt funded Program, supported by World Diabetes foundation, Denmark. Aims &amp; Objectives: Primary objective of this study to be determine the Maternal-Fetal outcomes of GDM and management of Hyperglycemia in Pregnancy HIP reduces Neonatal &amp; Perinatal Mortality as per the NHM, GOI Guidelines for GDM, As this will go long way help us in reduction of Perinatal &amp; infant mortality. Thus, this study was once undertaken to recognize the extent of the burden on the healthcare and formulating further policy for Implementation of Gestational Diabetes Program in the largest state of Uttar Pradesh. Materials and Methods: A prospective cohort study was done for 2 year from October 1, 2016, to September 31, 2018, at 828 GDM screening units as a part of the Gestational Diabetes Prevention and Control Project, Uttar Pradesh approved by the Indian Government in the state of Uttar Pradesh, India, largest state with second Highest MMR &amp; IMR, A total of 515,532 pregnant women were screened during their 16–32th weeks of pregnancy by impaired oral glucose test (OGTT) as per NHM Guidelines for GDM, 12784 GDM &amp; 7287 Non GDM maternal and perinatal outcomes were followed up in both GDM and non‑GDM categories in the 2 year (2016-2018) after blood sugar management (September 2016-October 2018) was executed at 828 (DHs, CHCs &amp; PHCs healthcare) facilities, 515532 Pregnant Women have been screened at 16-20 Weeks &amp; 24th-28 weeks of pregnancy as per Guidelines of National health Mission, GOI Guideline. Results: Perinatal mortality increased significantly from 2.6% to 9.1% when blood sugar levels increased from 120 mg/dl to 199 mg/dl and above. Perinatal mortality in GDM cases were significantly to the control of blood sugar levels (P &lt; 0.0001). Relative Risk of Stillbirth, Perinatal &amp; neonatal mortality have been respectively 2.5, 2.3 &amp; 2.5 times greater in GDM compare Non GDM (Table 1). Most of the GDM used to be identified in primigravida (52%). It was also found in our study those GDM who were strictly controlled with Hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) to &lt;120 mg/dl, Post Prandial blood sugar, have lowest risk for perinatal and neonatal mortality compare to those GDM pregnant women Blood sugars were not controlled, Risk for Perinatal mortality increases steadily and reaches 9.1% beyond blood sugar&gt; 200 mg/dl. Conclusion: All the Pregnant women need screening in Public health facilities &amp; Implementation of National health Mission, GOI Guidelines for GDM has to be followed to improve outcome for Mother and Newborn, As the lack of information about GDM amongst pregnant women is high, to decrease the risk, increase awareness &amp; full Implementation of NHM GDM Guidelines is key to Perinatal and neonatal mortality reduction in Public health care facilities where large number of ANC visit for Maternal and fetal health care.

Outcome of patients undergoing amputation for diabetic foot ulcer

Background: Foot ulcers are the principal cause of severe complications and hospitalization among patients with diabetes, substantially increasing the costs with this disease. Peripheral neuropathy, ulceration, infection, and peripheral vascular disease are the principal factors for ulcer complications and loss of a lower limb in diabetic patients. The aim of the present endeavor was to study the patients undergoing amputation for the diabetic foot ulcer.Methods: Total 150 patients with diabetic foot ulcer were included in this study. The variables investigated were related to diabetes, infection, and surgical treatment. In our series amputation were done at different levels anatomical levels ranging from toe level ranging from toe level to above knee amputation.Results: Pus culture and sensitivity done for diabetic foot ulcers reveal E. coil as the most common organism (40%). Skin biopsy done in these patients reveal neuropathic changes in 102 patients. 40% of patients had vaso-occlusive disease. Nine out of 150 patients showed osteomyelitis changes emphasizing those diabetic ulcer patients are prone for osteomyelitis of the underlying bone. 46% of patients with diabetic foot ulcer needed either minor or major amputation, which correlates with the standard study.Conclusions: Lack of awareness about diabetes mellitus and its lower limb complications, poor compliance to the treatment, poorly controlled blood sugar levels, delay in diagnosis, and late presentation to the tertiary care center are all factors which led to the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcer.

PERBANDINGAN UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIDIABETES EKSTRAK DAUN LIDAH BUAYA DAN LIDAH MERTUA PADA MENCIT PUTIH JANTAN

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease whose prevalence is increasing from year to year. This increase was accompanied by an increase in the cost of treatment and the number of complications. The use of traditional medicine is an alternative for the community to control blood sugar levels (KGD). Considering that synthetic drugs have various side effects, one of the medicinal plants used as traditional medicine is aloe vera leaf and mother-in-law's tongue leaf which contain flavonoid compounds, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the antidiabetic activity of aloe vera leaf extract and mother-in-law's tongue and to compare the activities of the two. The results of the analysis of the glucose tolerance ANOVA test showed a significant difference in the percentage reduction at 60, 90, and 120 minutes for all treatment preparations. The alloxan induction test showed a significant difference in the percentage decrease from days 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15. Based on these results, it can be concluded that Aloe Vera Leaf Ethanol Extract (EEDLB) and LidahMertua Leaf Ethanol Extract (EEDLM) with each dose of 150 and 200 mg/kg BW and the combination of the two gave antidiabetic activity against mice as well as differences in effectiveness between samples of aloe vera leaf and LidahMertua leaf as well as a single dose with a combination.