Controlled Heat Treatment Research Articles

Taguchi Predictions On Wear And Heat Treatment Of A357 Based Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

<p>A large range of engineering applications can be suited to hybrid metal matrix composites because of their improved mechanical properties, making them superior to conventional materials. Hybrid composites are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries because they feature excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, high strength, and low density. This paper demonstrates how to use the stir casting method to create a hybrid composite. The current focus of research is on the fabrication of composites using triple particle silicon carbide (5% weight) and graphite (1.5% weight) as the reinforcements and A357 as the matrix. Wear analysis of the composite materials was conducted following the Taguchi L18 method. To obtain insight into how control factors and heat treatment parameters affect the wear rate of composites, the prescribed number of experiments was carried out. Using ANOVA, major influencing factor for the wear rate accomplished was the sliding distance of all the developed hybrid composites.</p>

Enhanced cryogenic and ambient temperature mechanical properties of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy through controlled heat treatment

Dedicated thermal treatments can improve the mechanical behaviour of high entropy alloys (HEAs) by producing nanostructured microstructures with improved characteristics. Herein, the inherent metastability of an equiatomic CoCuFeMnNi alloy was exploited to induce the formation of secondary phases upon ageing treatment. Advanced characterization techniques, namely high resolution synchrotron X-ray diffraction and aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy, allowed to describe the decomposition of the supersaturated solid solution. Nanometric rounded Cu-rich clusters in the solution-treated alloy and coherent, regularly oriented Cu-rich discs in the peak-aged condition were possibly produced by spinodal decomposition. An almost 100% enhancement of mechanical strength was obtained thanks to the modulation of composition. Moreover, mechanical behaviour at cryogenic temperature was improved by ageing, both in terms of strength and ductility. Plastic deformation took place by dislocation slip, regardless of the testing temperature. • CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy was subjected to solution treatment and ageing • The alloy’s inherent instability leads to decomposition of the supersaturated matrix. • The nanostructured microstructure led to improved mechanical behaviour.

Influence of Bi2O3 content on structural, optical and radiation shielding properties of transparent Bi2O3-Na2O-TiO2-ZnO-TeO2 glass ceramics

This study aimed to evaluate the thermal, structural, optical and radiation shielding properties of the xBi2O3–5Na2O–5TiO2–10ZnO-(80-x)TeO2 glass ceramics, where x = 5, 8, 10, 12, and 15 mol% using the conventional melt quenching technique while controlled the heat treatment. The thermal properties of the sample glasses, such as glass transition temperature, onset crystallization temperature, and glass stability, were estimated from the differential scanning calorimetry measurements. The glass stability was found to decrease as Bi2O3 content increased. The tendency of crystallization was also found to increase correspondingly which evidenced by the sample glass with a higher percentage of Bi2O3 content has crystallized in a shorter period of heat treatment, lost transparency, and forming multiple crystalline phases correspondingly as shown in the XRD results. The optical band gap decreased as the period of controlled heat treatment prolonged. A low energy band gap indicates the high polarizability of the sample glass due to the high polarizability of non-bridging oxygen. The material discussed here has high relevance to laser, non-linear optics, and optical communication applications. The physical and ionizing shielding features were investigated for current glass samples. The shielding properties were examined within the energy range of 0.015 until 15 MeV. The sample S5 has the optimum shielding features as a result of the addition of Bi2O3. Hence, the composition attributes a new glass system that can be used in various applications such as optical communication applications, radiation dosimeter and photon shielding materials.

Heat Treatment of Geopolymer Samples Obtained by Varying Concentration of Sodium Hydroxide as Constituent of Alkali Activator

In this paper, raw natural metakaolin (MK, Serbia) clay was used as a starting material for the synthesis of geopolymers for thermal treatment. Metakaolin was obtained by calcination of kaolin at 750 °C for 1 h while geopolymer samples were calcined at 900 °C, which is the key transition temperature. Metakaolin was activated by a solution of NaOH of various concentrations and sodium silicate. During the controlled heat treatment, the geopolymer samples began to melt slightly and coagulate locally. The high-temperature exposure of geopolymer samples (900 °C) caused a significant reduction in oxygen, and even more sodium, which led to the formation of a complex porous structure. As the concentration of NaOH (6 mol dm−3 and 8 mol dm−3) increased, new semi-crystalline phases of nepheline and sanidine were formed. Thermal properties were increasingly used to better understand and improve the properties of geopolymers at high temperatures. Temperature changes were monitored by simultaneous use of thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The loss of mass of the investigated samples at 900 °C was in the range of 8–16%. Thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C did not have much effect on the change in compressive strength of investigated samples. The results of thermal treatment of geopolymers at 900 °C showed that this is approximately the temperature at which the structure of the geopolymer turns into a ceramic-like structure. All investigated properties of the geopolymers are closely connected to the precursors and the constituents of the geopolymers.

Hydrophobicity Enhances the Formation of Protein-Stabilized Foams.

Screening proteins for their potential use in foam applications is very laborious and time consuming. It would be beneficial if the foam properties could be predicted based on their molecular properties, but this is currently not possible. For protein-stabilized emulsions, a model was recently introduced to predict the emulsion properties from the protein molecular properties. Since the fundamental mechanisms for foam and emulsion formation are very similar, it is of interest to determine whether the link to molecular properties defined in that model is also applicable to foams. This study aims to link the exposed hydrophobicity with the foam ability and foam stability, using lysozyme variants with altered hydrophobicity, obtained from controlled heat treatment (77 °C for 0–120 min). To establish this link, the molecular characteristics, interfacial properties, and foam ability and stability (at different concentrations) were analysed. The increasing hydrophobicity resulted in an increased adsorption rate constant, and for concentrations in the protein-poor regime, the increasing hydrophobicity enhanced foam ability (i.e., interfacial area created). At higher relative exposed hydrophobicity (i.e., ~2–5 times higher than native lysozyme), the adsorption rate constant and foam ability became independent of hydrophobicity. The foam stability (i.e., foam collapse) was affected by the initial foam structure. In the protein-rich regime—with nearly identical foam structure—the hydrophobicity did not affect the foam stability. The link between exposed hydrophobicity and foam ability confirms the similarity between protein-stabilized foams and emulsions, and thereby indicates that the model proposed for emulsions can be used to predict foam properties in the future.

Structural and crystallization behavior studies on unfamiliar LiF–B2O3 glasses

Glasses from the binary high LiF–B2O3 system with variable LiF contents (10–55 mol%) were prepared by normal melting-annealing technique. Optical, FTIR spectral properties were measured for the glasses in addition to thermal expansion parameters were derived to be able to convert glassy samples to their corresponding glass-ceramic derivatives. FTIR, X-ray diffraction and SEM were carried out for the prepared heat-treated glass-ceramics to derive their structural building groups and types of crystalline phases formed by controlled heat treatment regime. Optical spectra of the prepared glasses show only distinct UV absorption peaks which are related to unavoidable contaminated traces of impurities of Fe3+ ions. FTIR spectra reveal distinct extended vibrational bands within the mid-region 400-1600 cm−1 comprising both of triangular and tetrahedral borate groups (BO3, BO3F) beside the possibility of sharing of (LiF4) groups at high LiF content. Thermal expansion measurements indicate the changes of the dilatometric softening temperatures with the LiF content but with some derived variations depending on the constituents housing in the network structure. X-ray diffraction patterns data reveal the appearance of lithium borate crystalline phase at low LiF content and at high content both two crystalline phases of lithium borate Li2B4O7 (Diomignite) and LiB3O5 beside crystalline lithium fluoride (LiF) are identified. This result refers to the distinct action of both lithium ions (Li+) and fluoride ions (F−) as initiator to produce phase separation, ease of nucleation and followed by crystallization, similar to the behavior of Li2O within borate and silicate glasses. SEM images support the X-ray diffraction data revealing different crystalline phases with variable texture at high LiF content.

Self‐Reinforced Polymer Nanofiber Aerogels for Multifunctional Applications

AbstractNanofibrous aerogels with ultra‐high porosity and surface area exhibit great potential for widespread applicability and therefore attract extensive attentions. Herein, a self‐reinforcing strategy to design nanofibrous aerogels is proposed using the thermoplastic polymer nanofibers as building blocks and a simple thermal welding as the crosslinking method. The macroscopic freestanding thermoplastic poly(vinyl alcohol‐co‐ethylene) nanofibers aerogel is mass manufactured via industrial sea‐island spinning and ice template method. After further welding the nanofibers using a facile and controlled heat treatment, the mechanically robust aerogels are favorably fabricated with higher restorability under compression, folding, and torsion and better stability in solvent relative to the unwelded aerogels. It is interesting that the wettability of the nanofibrous aerogels changes from hydrophilic to hydrophobic after thermal welding and excellent stability in water. The resulting nanofibrous aerogels exhibit effective absorption performance for oils and organic solvents, excellent thermal insulation, and efficient acoustic absorption. The results reveal that the development of self‐reinforced polymer nanofiber aerogels may provide the options to the design of multifunctional aerogels due to the industrial fabrication of thermoplastic polymer nanofibers and chemical‐free post‐treatment.

Uji Kekuatan Bending Pipa Komposit Jute-Epoxy pada Perlakuan Rendaman Air Panas

The main purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of the bending strength of composite pipes when treated with hot water. In this study, composite pipes were made using woven sacks and tied with an epoxy matrix which was molded using the VARTM (Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding) method. Jute fiber laminated composite on epoxy binder is made by laminated 3 layers with fiber direction 450 and has a thickness of 2.55 mm, the jute-epoxy composite pipe will be treated with heat treatment. Then tested on bending loading. The results of this study were the bending stress and strain on the control specimen compared to the heat treated specimen, an increase in the strain of the heat treatment specimen was 0.007 [MPa], this was due to the heat treatment temperature on the specimen which caused a change in the properties of the specimen itself, which was initially a brittle specimen changes to plastic. Meanwhile, the value of bending stress and modulus of elasticity on control specimens and heat treatment specimens. The obtained stress on the control composite pipe is 67.946 [MPa] with a modulus of elasticity of 10.398 [GPa]. While the heat-treated composite pipe has a bending stress of 28.613 [MPa] with an elastic modulus of 2.225 [GPa].

Crystallized glass tailored by controlled heat treatment for carbon dioxide capture under mild conditions

Depicted is the formation of crystallized alkaline earth oxide-containing glass adsorbents for radioactive carbon dioxide (14CO2) sequestering and mineralization under mild operating conditions enabling long-term geological disposal of hazardous 14C.

A defined heat pretreatment of gelatin enables control of hydrolytic stability, stiffness, and microstructural architecture of fibrin-gelatin hydrogel blends.

Fibrin-gelatin hydrogel blends exhibit high potential for tissue engineering in vitro applications. However, the means to tailor these blends in order to control their properties, thus opening up a broad range of new target applications, have been insufficiently explored. We hypothesized that a controlled heat treatment of gelatin prior to blend synthesis enables control of hydrolytic swelling and shrinking, stiffness, and microstructural architecture of fibrin-gelatin based hydrogel blends while providing tremendous long-term stability. We investigated these hydrogel blends' compressive strength, in vitro degradation stability, and microstructure in order to test this hypothesis. In addition, we examined the gel's ability to support endothelial cell proliferation and stretching of encapsulated smooth muscle cells. This research showed that a controlled heat pretreatment of the gelatin component strongly influenced the stiffness, swelling, shrinking, and microstructural architecture of the final blends regardless of identical gelatin mass fractions. All blends offered high long-term hydrolytic stability. In conclusion, the results of this study open the possibility to use this technique in order to tune low-concentrated, open-porous fibrin-based hydrogels, even in long-term tissue engineering in vitro experiments.

A Novel Route for the Easy Production of Thermochromic VO2 Nanoparticles.

In this work, a simple, fast and dry method for the fabrication of a thermochromic product with a high load of VO2(M1) consisting of the controlled heat treatment of pure vanadium nanoparticles in air is presented. After a complete design of experiments, it is concluded that the most direct way to attain the maximum transformation of V into VO2(M1) consists of one cycle with a fast heating ramp of 42 °C s−1, followed by keeping 700 °C for 530–600 seconds, and a subsequent cooling at 0.05 °C s−1. Careful examination of these results lead to a second optimum, even more suitable for industrial production (quicker and less energy‐intensive because of its lower temperatures and shorter times), consisting of subjecting V to two consecutive cycles of temperatures and times (625 °C for 5 minutes) with similar preheating (42 °C s−1) but a much faster postcooling (∼ 8 °C s−1). These green reactions only use the power for heating a tube open to atmosphere and a vanadium precursor; without assistance of reactive gases or catalysts, and no special vacuum or pressure requirements. The best products present similar thermochromic properties but higher thermal stability than commercial VO2 particles. These methods can be combined with VO2 doping.

Small-angle neutron scattering from CuCrZr coupons and components.

Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is performed to analyse the microstructural state of a reference CuCrZr material with carefully controlled heat treatments, small-scale manufacturing mock-ups of assemblies and high-heat-flux-exposed mock-ups for fusion reactor components. The information derived from the SANS data corresponds well to existing literature data based on microscopic-scale techniques, but is obtained at millimetre scale with minimal surface preparation. The manufacturing method and high-heat-flux testing conditions are confirmed to have little impact on the microstructural properties, demonstrating the validity of these treatments for scaled-up reactor components.

Tunable Curie temperature in Mn1.15Fe0.85P0.55Si0.45 via lattice engineering by Al addition

Bulk polycrystalline samples of hexagonal Fe2P-type Al-added Mn1.15Fe0.85P0.55Si0.45 were prepared via a solid-state reaction under controlled heat treatment, and their magnetocaloric properties, including magnetization and entropy change, were investigated. Notably, the Curie temperature, which is directly related to the operating temperature of magnetocaloric materials, could be systematically tuned through Al substitution at Si sites owing to the lattice engineering effect. We found an inverse relationship between the Curie temperature and the ratio of the c-axis lattice constant to a-axis lattice constant, which enables the design of magnetocaloric materials for high-performance magnetic cooling systems.

Integrated Battery-Capacitor Electrodes: Pyridinic N-Doped Porous Carbon-Coated Abundant Oxygen Vacancy Mn-Ni-Layered Double Oxide for Hybrid Supercapacitors.

Integrating the battery behavior and supercapacitor behavior in a single electrode to obtain better electrochemical performance has been widely researched. However, there is still a lack of research studies on an integrated battery-capacitor supercapacitor electrode (BatCap electrode). In this work, an integrated BatCap electrode porous carbon-coated Mn-Ni-layered double oxide (Mn-Ni LDO-C) was fabricated successfully using controllable heat treatment of polypyrrole-precoated Mn-Ni-layered double hydroxide (Mn-Ni LDH@PPy). This Mn-Ni LDO-C electrode was grown on Ni foam directly and possessed a hierarchical structure that consisted of a pyridinic N (N-6)-doped porous carbon shell and a Mn-Ni LDO core within abundant oxygen vacancies. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of N-6-doped porous carbon and increased oxygen vacancies, Mn-Ni LDO-C exhibited excellent electrochemical performance. The capacity of Mn-Ni LDO-C reached 2.36 C cm-2 (1478.1 C g-1) at 1 mA cm-2 and remained at 92.1% of the initial capacity after 5000 cycles at a current density of 20 mA cm-2. The aqueous battery-supercapacitor hybrid device Mn-Ni LDO-C//active carbon (Mn-Ni LDO-C//AC) also presented superior cycle stability: it retained 85.3% of the original capacity after 5000 cycles at 2 A g-1. Meanwhile, Mn-Ni LDO-C//AC could work normally under a wider potential window (2.0 V), so that the device held the highest energy density of 78.2 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 499.7 W kg-1 and retained 39.1 Wh kg-1 at the highest power density of 31.3 kW kg-1. Two Mn-Ni LDO-C//AC devices connected in series could light a light-emitting diode (LED) bulb easily and keep the LED brightly illuminated for more than 10 min. In general, this work synthesized an integrated BatCap electrode Mn-Ni LDO-C; the integrated electrode exhibited high electrochemical performance, thus has a promising application prospect in the field of energy storage.

Structure, dielectric, and energy storage behaviors of the lossy glass-ceramics obtained from Na2O-Nb2O5-P2O5 glassy-system

ABSTRACT A series of phosphate glasses defined by the composition 50Na2O-xNb2O5-(50-x)P2O5 (0<x < 25 mol%) and designated as Nb5, Nb10, Nb15, Nb20, Nb25, respectively, have been elaborated by the melt quenching method, and their structural and optical properties were investigated. It was found that their density and molar volume increase and decrease with the Nb2O5 content, respectively. The analysis of the glasses structure by Raman spectroscopy allowed the identification of several phosphate structural units, mainly metaphosphate and pyrophosphate, and showed that niobium adopts an octahedral oxygen environment, forming linkages such as Nb-O-P and Nb-O-Nb within the network. Glass-ceramics were obtained by controlled heat treatments of the parent glasses. The heat treatment of the high niobium concentration glass Nb25 at 650°C led to the formation of the sodium niobate phase with cubic symmetry. Its microstructure was analyzed by SEM. The study of the dielectric properties of the glass-ceramics and their energy storage performance presented an optimum discharge density for the glass-ceramic with 25 mol% Nb2O5 and an energy efficiency of 82.5%.

Versatile bimetal sulfides nanoparticles-embedded N-doped hierarchical carbonaceous aerogels (N-NixSy/CoxSy@C) for excellent supercapacitors and microwave absorption

The development of versatile functional composites is an intriguing and challenging approach to clean energy storage devices and electromagnetic pollution remediation. Herein, versatile bimetal sulfides nanoparticles-embedded N-doped 3D hierarchical carbonaceous aerogels was rationally constructed via controllable oxidation polymerization, mechanical blending and heat treatment methods. The encapsulation of bimetal NixSy/CoxSy nanoparticles and defects induced by N-doping can endow the fabricated aerogels with versatilities for excellent supercapacitors and microwave absorber. The dispersed and abundant active sites and easily diffused framework leads to remarkable electrochemical performances with a high specific capacitance of 2653.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability of 89.2% at 10 A g−1 over 5000 cycles. More importantly, the assembled asymmetric supercapacitor of N-NixSy/CoxSy@C-900//AC displayed an energy density of 98.9 W h kg−1 at a power density of 371 W k g−1. Moreover, taking advantage of the unique heterostructures and well impedance matching, as-fabricated composites exhibited outstanding microwave absorption performance. The minimum reflection loss (RL) of - 47.2 dB was achieved at 11.6 GHz with the thickness of 2.5 mm, and an effective frequency bandwidth (RL<-10 dB) could be gained up to 3.7 (9.8–13.5) GHz. This work presents potential application in supercapacitor and microwave absorption.

Study of crystallization kinetics, microstructure and optical properties of Ce: YAG glass-ceramics for white LED applications

CeO2 doped Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 (YAS) glass composition was synthesized and devitrified to a single phase Ce: YAG glass–ceramics phosphor with controlled heat treatment process. Kinetic predictions for crystallization of the glass were derived from isoconversional analysis of DTA data using AKTS software. Activation energy of crystallization (E) at reaction progress (α = 0.5) estimated 659 kJ mol−1. The kinetic parameters were calculated as n = m = 2, representing two-dimensional nucleation and crystal growth with constant number of surface nuclei in this glass composition. From microstructure analysis of glass–ceramics we have seen the dendritic growth of crystals in the glass matrix originating from the surface creating a glass–ceramics phosphor layer of ~ 50 μm thick. No nucleation or crystal growth observed in the glass beyond 50 μm depth. Surface roughness found to increase the nucleation and accelerate the crystallization in the glass–ceramics layer. Five glass–ceramics samples prepared with increasing isothermal holding time and their photoluminescence spectra obtained by excitation with a blue LED light source. Intensity of broad band yellow emission increased with the increase in holding time which enhances the amount of Ce: YAG crystalline phase in glass–ceramics. A device was assembled for the demonstration of white light generation using an optimized glass–ceramics phosphor and blue LED in tandem.

Structure-property correlations in lithium zinc cobalt metaphosphate glasses and glass-ceramics

The main goal of this work is to study the physical, structural, optical, and electrical properties of alkali zinc phosphate glasses doped with CoO oxide with the general formula 10Li2O-xCoO-(40-x)ZnO–50P2O5. Using the standard melt-quench technique, a large glass-forming region is obtained, and up to 40 mol% CoO doped glasses are prepared. XRD diffraction confirmed the amorphous nature of these materials. Density, molar volume, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) are composition-dependent. Infrared (IR) spectroscopy is performed to study the structural approach. It is observed that the substitution of ZnO by CoO oxide in the glassy framework induces some structural modifications. The UV–Visible spectra of the CoO-doped glasses show visible absorption bands in the region 400–700 nm which are related to the coexistence of cobalt in divalent and trivalent states. The crystallization behaviour of the samples is performed by submitting the glasses to controlled heat treatments and the crystalline phases obtained are identified by X-Ray diffraction (XRD). The kinetic of the crystallization is carried out by employing the thermal analysis (DSC) technique. The crystallization process is discussed regarding the obtained activation energy (Ec) and Avrami parameter (n). The Vickers hardness values of the glasses and the glass-ceramics are determined and discussed according to the bond strengths. The electrical conductivity of these materials is investigated over a large frequency domain at various temperatures. It is found that the electric conductivity decreases with increasing cobalt content. It is also noted that the conductivity of each glass-ceramic is reduced in comparison with that of its mother glass. The frequency-dependent of the conductivity follows Jonscher's power law and the correlated barrier hopping mechanisms (CBH) was appropriate for the conduction process inside the glasses. The electrical modulus formalism is applied to the electric data in order to study their dielectric relaxation. The results show that this latter is non-Debye type in agreement with the well-known universal responses of amorphous materials.

Crystallization behavior, quantitation of Ce3+/Ce4+ and chemical stability analysis of multiple alkaline earths borosilicate glasses for immobilizing simulated tetravalent actinides

A series borosilicate glasses containing three alkaline earth metals (Ca, Mg, Ba) and immobilized with ceria from low content (3 wt%) to exceed the solubility limit (20 wt%) were prepared by the solid-state melt method. The results of phase separation revealed by SEM, XRD and EDX show that simulated waste CeO2 loading was below 13 wt%, and the excess part was tightly connected with glass. The controlled heat treatment of the quenched blocks and the green pellets was conducted to explore the effect of ceria content of the system on the crystalline state. The solidified waste forms with a ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ close to 1 have the lower leaching rate after 28 d (LRSi=9.84 × 10−4 g m−2 d−1, LRCa=6.68 × 10−4 g m−2 d−1) and LRCe of all samples is always maintained in the order of magnitude of 10−5 g m−2 d−1, suggesting that cerium doped multiple alkaline earths borosilicate glasses have higher chemical stability.

Tailoring Dy3+/Tb3+-doped lead telluride borate glasses for gamma-ray shielding applications

Glass–ceramics of composition (39.5–x) PbO–20 B2O3–20 TeO2–20 MgO–0.5 Dy2O3–x Tb2O3 (where x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mol%) have been prepared by controlled heat treatment. XRD confirms the crystalline phases present in the network. The structural and vibrational bonds present in the network structure were estimated using the FTIR technique. The band-gap values for the direct and indirect decrease from 3.209 to 3.025 eV and 3.006 to 2.637 eV as terbium concentration increases. The gamma-ray shielding features for the fabricated samples were examined with the help of the MCNP5 code. The relative difference between the linear attenuation coefficients (LAC) obtained by MCNP5, and validated by XCOM, is less than 6%. The addition of Tb2O3 affects the LAC values, especially at the lower energies (0.347 and 0.662 MeV), where a notable decrease in the LAC was recorded as more Tb2O3 was added to the glasses. For the TNNS0-TNNS2.5 glasses, and with the simulated LAC's help, we reported the half-value layer (HVL). For all six of the prepared TNNS0.0–TNNS2.5 glasses, HVL positively correlated with energy. For TNNS0.5, its HVL increased from 0.3770 cm at 0.284 MeV, to 0.9929 cm at 0.511 MeV, 1.6241 cm at 0.826 MeV, and 2.367 cm at 1.332 MeV. From the HVL results, we found that when using these glasses to absorb low energy radiation, a smaller thickness is required to properly absorb most of the photons, while a much greater thickness is required in high energy applications. The ratio between the HVL of TNNS0.0 and TNNS0.5 glasses was calculated. The HVL ratio between TNNS0.0 and TNNS2.5 was also calculated to understand the glass composition's effect on the HVL values. In both cases, the ratios at all energies were greater than one, which means that TNNS0.0 has the greatest HVL at all energies. These results prove that TNNS0 has the greatest potential in radiation-shielding applications, as a lower HVL signifies a better shield, while TNN2.5 has the least potential. The transmission factor (TF) of the investigated glasses at four different thicknesses and four energies was examined. The results revealed that its TF decreases as the thickness of the glass increases for anyone glass, which proves that increasing the thickness of the glasses improves their shielding ability.