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Force-displacement relation for lumped plasticity model of compact square concrete-filled steel tube columns

Integration of steel and concrete benefits in square concrete-filled tube columns (SCFTs) makes them be utilized extensively worldwide. To evaluate the seismic behavior of special moment frames having SCFT columns, an accurate macro-modeling tool with little complexity is necessary. Although the fiber section can consider both linear and nonlinear behavior of SCFT, it fails to allow for deterioration, which is vital in assessing a seismic resisting system. This study proposes a new deterioration tool based on the Ibarra-Krawinkler model for compact SCFT columns using artificial neural networks (ANNs) through numerical simulation. Initially, 96 specimens with variations in geometry, material, and axial loading conditions were simulated in ABAQUS and then were analyzed using displacement control loading protocol to obtain hysteretic curves, which were used to prepare the data sets for training, testing, and validating the neural networks. Finally, the performance of ANN models was evaluated by statistical relations such as regression and mean square error. Through FEMA 356 and Ibarra-Krawinkler approaches, parameters defining linear and nonlinear phases of SCFTs behavior were derived. By employing efficiently trained neural networks, equations predicting the parameters of the deterioration model were established, and the obtained results show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed model.

Electronic Load Device for Testing DC Power Supply

The project deals with a programmable electronic load device capable of dynamic variations of its load parameters to simulate a myriad of electrical conditions. Hence, one of the objectives of this paper is to implement, in a designed setup, variously heated loads, such as constant current, voltage, resistance, and power modes. That said, the designed system has hardware and software aspects that integrate advanced microcontroller capabilities so that high accuracy is assured through a series of test procedures on the system. The hardware design of the project encompasses choosing various resistors and relays modules (ESP32), selection of the proper power supplies, and microcontrollers. A program is being developed in the Arduino IDE that will program the microcontroller to do dynamic load control.It all began with the circuit design and resistor value choice, taking into consideration their power rating about effective heat dissipation. Dynamic loading control by the ESP32 microcontroller allows variable changes which are automatic in nature. On top of this, relay modules were used for effective switching of load and its adjustments, hence making the system flexible and responsive. The firmware developed in Arduino IDE automates control processes, which enables the smooth running of operations. In this regard, our experiments output results that show the device—a programmable electronic load mimicking load situations and providing performance information. Notably, the automated control system coupled with adjustable load capabilities increased the testing process efficiency and accuracy to a great deal. The overall effect of the programmable electronic load device is that it makes testing more professional by way of automation and provision of precise management for the test settings of the load. Its versatility also provides simulation of a wide scope of scenarios accommodating test conditions. It is designed to cater to heat regulation and power dispersion for the reliability of performance whiles in operation

Low Back Pain Risk Among Athlete: A Scientometric Study

Low back pain (LBP) emerges as a prevalent concern within the athletic community, characterized by a noteworthy proclivity for recurrence. The repeated occurrence of LBP substantially impedes athletes and adversely affects their performance. As such, it becomes imperative to discern the underlying factors contributing to injuries in the lumbar region. The scientometric analysis will provide a clear pathway for researchers to understand the current state and evolution of the theme research area of low back pain risk among athletes. No scientometric study on this theme has been undertaken until today. Therefore, this research objective was to collect data from the database to identify the present trend of low back pain risk, development patterns, and current research. Software that has been utilized for commonness, co-occurrence, clustering, co-citation and analysis of burst was CiteSpace. A scientometric review of studies on athletes' low back pain risk from 2000 to 2023 finds considerable additional studies in the amount of literature, the citation frequency, and the hotspots available. The most influential author is Douglas W. Jackson, the most influential article is Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and valgus loading of the knee predict anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in female athletes: a prospective study. Thoraco-lumbar spine is the most common cluster, whereas the most popular keyword is spondylolisthesis. In conclusion, low back pain is becoming one of the future study topics. Furthermore, many stakeholders must be aware of current trends and advances in the athlete's low back pain risk.

Enhancing camptothecin loading and release control through physical surface modification of organosilica nanoparticles with polyethylene glycol

The surface modification of nanoparticles holds the potential to enhance the loading capacity of drug molecules and regulate their release, making it possible to exploit the differences between tumor and normal cells. To this end, the surfaces of tetrasulfide-based phenylene-containing biodegradable periodic mesoporous organosilica (BPMO) nanoparticles (designated P4S) are modified herein with a hydrophilic and biocompatible polyethylene glycol (PEG) polymer. The PEG coating is optimized by adjusting the PEG concentration during synthesis, thus resulting in a significant increase in the nanoparticle stability. Furthermore, PEG modification enhances the nanoparticles' camptothecin (CPT) loading capacity. Drug release assessments under physical and acidic pH conditions demonstrate the pH-responsive properties of the P4S nanoparticles upon PEG functionalization, which results in increased drug release at low pH, along with enhanced cellular uptake potential. Notably, the cytotoxicity of CPT against HepG2 cancer cells is significantly improved when loaded into the P4S-PEG nanoparticles. These findings reveal the efficacy of PEG surface modification of the drug-delivery material in augmenting the activity of CPT, with promising prospects for clinical applications.

Additional confirmation of successful cell suspension fractionation of metastatic axillary node tissue

We present herein an extension to our recently developed and published method termed "Fractionation of Nodal Cell Suspension" (FNCS). The method enables efficient subcellular fractionation into nuclear (N) and cytosolic (C) compartments of extremely fibrous and problematic metastatic axillary lymph node (mALN) tissue, using the entire nodule. For the purpose of the present study, a case of invasive lobular breast cancer (BC) patient with pT2N3aMx status and defined primary tumor markers (ERα 8, PR-B 8, and HER2 score 0) was available. Initially, the mALN tissue of this patient was analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), and a positive correlation of nodal ERα, PR-B and HER2 biomarkers to those of the primary tumor was obtained. Subsequently, the mALN was FNCS fractionated into N and C, and Western blot (WB) analysis demonstrated a single band for ERα, PR-B and nuclear loading control (HDAC1) in nuclear, but not in the cytosolic compartments, confirming the efficiency of our fractionation protocol. At the same time, HER2 bands were not observed in either compartment, in accordance with HER2 negativity determined by IHC in both primary tumor and mALN tissue. In conclusion, by confirming the nuclear expression of ERα and PR-B biomarkers in metastatic loci, we demonstrate the purity of the FNCS-generated compartments - the protocol that offers a reliable tool for further analysis of nuclear versus cytosolic content in downstream analysis of novel biomarkers in the whole mALN of BC patients.

BSM-LP: Bidirectional Switch Migration With Controller Load Prediction for Software-Defined Internet of Things

BSM-LP: Bidirectional Switch Migration With Controller Load Prediction for Software-Defined Internet of Things

Customizable BAC-based DNA markers for pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

DNA markers are used as a size reference and sample loading control during gel electrophoresis. Most markers are designed for conventional gel electrophoresis to separate DNA smaller than 20 kb. For larger molecules, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) marker is required. Limited PFGE markers are available because large DNA are prone to nicking and degradation, causing smeary bands. Here, we developed a robust marker based on bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) with bands up to 184 kb. This marker could consistently confer intense and distinct bands for accurate gel analysis in molecular biology studies, laboratory validations or clinical diagnosis.

SEAHOWL: Partitioned Multiphysics and Multifidelity Modelling of Wind Turbines with Monolithically Coupled Elastodynamics

We introduce SEAHOWL (Servo-Elasto-Aero-Hydro Offshore Wind Lab), a novel multiphysics multifidelity simulation framework for large-scale onshore, offshore, and floating wind turbines. For structural dynamics, multibody and finite element problems are coupled monolithically and solved within a single system of equations through Project Chrono, providing high numerical stability and optimal coupling accuracy. Combined with partitioned multiphysics, modularity is at the heart of the framework with various numerical methods and solvers (internal or external) available for each physics. This flexibility allows for the selection a target trade-off between numerical accuracy and computational efficiency on a use-case basis. Simulations showcased here have been selected through the prism of industrial R&D challenges, covering: controller response and loads over the operational wind range, 3P effect for different levels of fidelity for the blades, floating wind turbine response under irregular waves and turbulent wind, and innovative multibody application for 3P fatigue mitigation. SEAHOWL is cross-validated against the reference OpenFAST whole-turbine simulator from NREL, showing overall good agreement while differences between the two frameworks are highlighted.

Frost heave of subgrade soil under complex traffic loads: Test system and experiments

Soil moisture freezing in cold climates leads to frost heave, a phenomenon influenced by soil texture, temperature, moisture levels, and applied loads. This investigation explores frost heave characteristics of subgrade soil under traffic-induced cyclic stresses, including cyclic compressive stress and alternating horizontal cyclic shear stress. A new frost heave test system was developed, featuring advanced temperature control and accurate loading path reproduction. Comprehensive frost heave experiments were performed to examine the frost heave process under various cyclic stress circumstances. Results indicate that cyclic stresses intensify in-situ frost heave of soil, with horizontal cyclic shear stress having a more significant promoting effect than vertical cyclic stress. The combination of vertical cyclic stress and horizontal cyclic shear stress leads to an increase in segregated frost heave. Moreover, vertical cyclic stress amplifies water absorption during soil frost heave. Total vertical deformation encompasses frost deformation in the frozen zone and consolidation in the unfrozen zone. Vertical cyclic stress may inhibit segregated ice lens formation and encourage consolidation in the unfrozen zone, thereby impeding vertical deformation. The simultaneous application of vertical cyclic stress and horizontal cyclic shear stress results in more intense ice segregation and moisture accumulation near the stable frost front.

Atomic-level precision engineering: Single-atom catalysts with controlled loading density for efficient hydrogen evolution reaction

An important but challenging task in single-atom catalysis is synthesizing a catalyst with controllable single-atom loading densities and no metal agglomeration. Here, we construct MoS2/rGO supports by a simple hydrothermal method and precisely control single-atom platinum (PtSA) loading density by its targeted growth on MoS2 for electrocatalysis. Using the optimized geometric and electronic structure, PtSA-MoS2/rGO exhibits an ultra-low overpotential of 11 mV at − 10 mA cm−2 in 0.5 M H2SO4 for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). First-principles calculations reveal that enhanced density of PtSA on the MoS2 surface favors the reduction of Gibbs free energy of hydrogen adsorption, facilitating the kinetic process of electrocatalytic HER. This work provides a new engineering route to fabricating a series of performance-tunable single-atom catalysts with controllable locations and loading densities.

ICLB: intelligent controllers load balancing for software-defined based optical data center networks

ICLB: intelligent controllers load balancing for software-defined based optical data center networks

PARAMETRIC IDENTIFICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL FOR THE COPPER MATTE CONVERSION PROCESS

The paper provides data on the construction of mathematical models using parametric identification of objects, as well as the development of algorithms that allow calculating optimal charge plans in production, and also addresses issues related to modeling and control of electric melting. As a result of the work, the issues of partial automation through channels have been solved: regulation of electric power, charge loading control, melt level measurement, research on mechanization and automation of smelting products, as well as theoretical, experimental and pilot industrial studies on automation of electric furnaces of non-ferrous metallurgy. This control system of the electrothermal furnace operates in open mode, solves individual functional tasks of process control and management and provides solutions to the problems of optimal control of the technological process of electric melting. The paper also discusses issues related to the automatic control of the electric power of electrothermal furnaces. The furnace is considered as an object of channel control: electrode deepening-electrode currents.

Multifunctional bionanohybrids of graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrin for applications in methylene blue adsorption, solvent response, and smart light-driven

In this study, a multifunctional graphene oxide/β-cyclodextrin bionanohybrids (BWGO) was prepared successfully. The structure, morphology, adsorption capacity, solvent response, and light-driven properties of the BWGO were systematically investigated through the in-situ formation of an asymmetric gradient structure. The maximum adsorption value of BWGO based on bio-nanohybrids was 81.27 mg·g−1 for methylene blue (MB), which fitted the Langmuir isotherm in accordance with the pseudo-secondary kinetic model. Additionally, the host–guest interaction model of between BWGO and MB (in ratios of 1:1 or 1:2) was proposed by ROESY. Remarkably, the BWGO exhibited not only unique and exceptional responses to organic hazard solvents, self-driven, and photothermal responses, but also demonstrated controllable object loading and shape memory useful for soft grasping. More importantly, the related mechanisms of adsorption and behaviors driven by multiple stimuli (solvent, light) were elucidated through the host–guest interaction, wrinkled structure, gradient solvent swelling effects, and conformational changes in the macromolecular chain. This work not only introduces the multifunctional bionanohybrid materials with a wrinkled structure for the adsorption of organic dyes, but also opens avenues for potential applications in smart windows, soft grasping, and biomimetic industrial materials.

Biodynamer Nano-Complexes and -Emulsions for Peptide and Protein Drug Delivery.

Therapeutic proteins and peptides offer great advantages compared to traditional synthetic molecular drugs. However, stable protein loading and precise control of protein release pose significant challenges due to the extensive range of physicochemical properties inherent to proteins. The development of a comprehensive protein delivery strategy becomes imperative accounting for the diverse nature of therapeutic proteins. Biodynamers are amphiphilic proteoid dynamic polymers consisting of amino acid derivatives connected through pH-responsive dynamic covalent chemistry. Taking advantage of the amphiphilic nature of the biodynamers, PNCs and DEs were possible to be prepared and investigated to compare the delivery efficiency in drug loading, stability, and cell uptake. As a result, the optimized PNCs showed 3-fold encapsulation (<90%) and 5-fold loading capacity (30%) compared to DE-NPs. PNCs enhanced the delivery efficiency into the cells but aggregated easily on the cell membrane due to the limited stability. Although DE-NPs were limited in loading capacity compared to PNCs, they exhibit superior adaptability in stability and capacity for delivering a wider range of proteins compared to PNCs. Our study highlights the potential of formulating both PNCs and DE-NPs using the same biodynamers, providing a comparative view on protein delivery efficacy using formulation methods.

Evaluation of Fluid Loading Protocols for Use Before Returning from Spaceflight

Reductions in plasma volume (PV) during spaceflight contribute to post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance (OI) during re-exposure to a gravitational environment. Both the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the Russian Space Agency (RSA) utilize fluid loading prior to re-entry to expand PV and mitigate the risk of post flight OI, but the timing of ingestion differs. Before landing NASA crewmembers consume 1-1.5 L of water with salt tablets to produce an isotonic solution in ~1 hour, whereas RSA cosmonauts consume the same, over ~4 hours. Anecdotal reports suggest low palatability and gastrointestinal (GI) distress with salt tablet and water fluid loading. To address this concern, the NASA Space Food Systems Laboratory developed an electrolyte solution. The purpose of this study is to test the effcacy and palatability of the two fluid loading compositions ingested in 1 hour versus 4 hours. Seven participants (2 Female, 39±9 years, 178.2±9.9 cm, 74.9±8.6 kg) completed four randomized visits separated ≥ 48 hours. The four visits were (1) no fluid loading (control), (2) 4 hour ingestion of the electrolyte solution (4hr-Electro), (3) 1 hour ingestion of the electrolyte solution (1hr-Electro), and (4) 4 hour ingestion of salt tablets and water (4hr-Salt). Participants reported to the lab at ~7:00 a.m. fasted, and PV was measured using a carbon monoxide re-breathing technique. During each visit subjects consumed 500 mL of water representing normal daily water intake through the first five hours of the session along with breakfast and lunch meals identical to those provided to astronauts. During the control visit, no other fluid consumption was allowed. During the three fluid loading visits, participants also consumed up to 1.2 L of additional fluid, either water with salt tablets or the electrolyte solution. After completion of the fluid loading protocol no additional fluid was consumed during the final 3.5 hours of the test. Participants remained seated for all portions of the study. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were measured at 0, 1, 2, 3, and 3.5 hours after cessation of food and fluid intake to assess changes in PV. In these preliminary data, PV was not significantly different from baseline at any timepoint during the control and 4hr-Electro sessions ( P&gt;0.20). PV increased from baseline at all timepoints for the 1hr-Electro session ( P&lt;0.003) and at all timepoints, other than 0 ( P=0.17 ), for the 4hr-Salt condition ( P&lt;0.01 ). GI distress was reported by participant during the 4hr-Electro (n=2), 1hr-Electro (n=1), and 4hr-Salt protocols (n=4). No GI distress was reported during the control visit. The most severe GI symptom (18/20) was nausea reported with the 4hr-Salt protocol. These data suggest that both the 4hr-Salt and 1hr-Electro fluid loading protocols successfully expands PV, however the 1hr-Electro results in fewer participants reporting GI symptoms. Supported by Mars Campaign Development - Exploration Capabilities. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Role of Ovarian Hormones on proBDNF Levels in the Rostral Ventrolateral Medulla: Influences Related to Neuronal Plasticity and Sympathetic Control of Blood Pressure

Introduction: Rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are lower in females of reproductive age when compared to age-matched males. However, at the onset of menopause, a period characterized by decreases in ovarian hormones, there is a marked and dramatic rise in the incidence of CVD in females. Therefore, the presence of ovarian hormones may serve a cardioprotective role due to actions on several target organs, including the brain. In the brainstem, the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) has been implicated in CVD due to its direct impact on blood pressure. The RVLM also contains receptors for both the pro- and mature forms of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF and mBDNF), a key neurotrophin which has been linked to ovarian hormones by the existence of an estrogen response element (ERE) on the bdnf gene. While mBDNF positively influences neuroplasticity by increasing connectivity between neurons (i.e., increased dendritic branching). Alternatively, proBDNF can decrease neuronal excitability—and potentially reduce RVLM overactivity—via structural actions which oppose those enacted by mBDNF. Ovarian hormones may modulate neuronal activity in the RVLM via ERE-mediated effects on proBDNF expression, providing a mechanism for the “cardioprotective” effects observed in females of reproductive age. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that the presence of ovarian hormones maintains proBDNF levels in the RVLM, minimizing activation of the RVLM, thus conferring cardioprotection. Methods: Four-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats received ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery (n=5 and n=4, respectively). Rats were sacrificed at 16 weeks of age and the hindbrain was cut into 80μm coronal sections, from which the RVLM was isolated by tissue punches. Using the caudal pole of the facial nucelus as a landmark, punches were pooled into 4 discrete rostrocaudal subregions. Western blotting was performed to determine proBDNF levels in the RVLM relative to the loading control GAPDH. Results: Average proBDNF expression appeared higher in the RVLM of sham versus OVX females at all rostrocaudal levels; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance (p=0.169, main effect), perhaps due to lower sample sizes. There were no significant rostrocaudal variations in proBDNF expression (p=0.598, main effect), nor was there a significant interaction between main effects (p=0.687). Conclusions: These results suggest that the presence of ovarian hormones may maintain proBDNF expression in the RVLM; however, greater sample sizes will likely provide more definitive conclusions. Additionally, future studies could also address potential sex differences by examining the influence of ovarian hormones on expression of mBDNF. We anticipate our studies will illuminate the relationship between ovarian hormones and cardioprotection via the RVLM, thus providing insight into sex differences in CVD. R01-HL161233, APS and WSU Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships. This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.

Tribological Performance and Enhancing Mechanism of 3D Printed PEEK Coated with In Situ ZIF-8 Nanomaterial.

Polyether ether ketone (PEEK) is esteemed as a high-performance engineering polymer renowned for its exceptional mechanical properties and thermal stability. Nonetheless, the majority of polymer-based lubricating materials fail to meet the contemporary industrial demands for motion components regarding high speed, heavy loading, temperature resistance, and precise control. Utilizing 3D printing technology to design and fabricate intricately structured components, developing high-performance polymer self-lubricating materials becomes imperative to fulfill the stringent operational requirements of motion mechanisms. This study introduces a novel approach employing 3D printing technology to produce PEEK with varying filling densities and conducting in situ synthesis of zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) nanomaterials on its surface to enhance PEEK's frictional performance. The research discusses the synthetic methodology, characterization techniques, and tribological performance evaluation of in situ synthesized ZIF-8 nanomaterials on PEEK surfaces. The findings demonstrate a significant enhancement in frictional performance of the composite material under low-load conditions, achieving a minimum wear rate of 4.68 × 10-6 mm3/N·m compared to the non-grafted PEEK material's wear rate of 1.091 × 10-5 mm3/N·m, an approximately 1.3 times improvement. Detailed characterization and analysis of the worn surface of the steel ring unveil the lubrication mechanism of the ZIF-8 nanoparticles, thereby presenting new prospects for the diversified applications of PEEK.

Long-Acting Strategies for Antibody Drugs: Structural Modification, Controlling Release, and Changing the Administration Route.

Because of their high specificity, high affinity, and targeting, antibody drugs have been widely used in the treatment of many diseases and have become the most favored new drugs for research in the world. However, some antibody drugs (such as small-molecule antibody fragments) have a short half-life and need to be administered frequently, and are often associated with injection-site reactions and local toxicities during use. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of antibody drugs that are long-acting and have fewer side effects. This paper reviews existing strategies to achieve long-acting antibody drugs, including modification of the drug structure, the application of drug delivery systems, and changing their administration route. Among these, microspheres have been studied extensively regarding their excellent tolerance at the injection site, controllable loading and release of drugs, and good material safety. Subcutaneous injection is favored by most patients because it can be quickly self-administered. Subcutaneous injection of microspheres is expected to become the focus of developing long-lasting antibody drug strategies in the near future.

Using mobile eye tracking to measure cognitive load through gaze behavior during walking in lower limb prosthesis users: A preliminary assessment

BackgroundLower limb amputation does not affect only physical and psychological functioning but the use of a prosthetic device can also lead to increased cognitive demands. Measuring cognitive load objectively is challenging, and therefore, most studies use questionnaires that are easy to apply but can suffer from subjective bias. Motivated by this, the present study investigated whether a mobile eye tracker can be used to objectively measure cognitive load by monitoring gaze behavior during a set of motor tasks. MethodsFive prosthetic users and eight able-bodied controls participated in this study. Eye tracking data and kinematics were recorded during a set of motor tasks (level ground walking, walking on uneven terrain, obstacle avoidance, stairs up and ramp down, as well as ramp up and stairs down) while the participants were asked to focus their gaze on a visual target for as long as possible. Target fixation times and increase in pupil diameters were determined and correlated to subjective ratings of cognitive load. FindingsOverall, target fixation time and pupil diameter showed strong negative and positive correlations, respectively, to the subjective rating of cognitive load in the able-bodied controls (−0.75 and 0.80, respectively). However, the individual correlation strength, and in some cases, even the sign, was different across participants. A similar trend could be observed in prosthetic users. InterpretationThe results of this study showed that a mobile eye tracker may be used to estimate cognitive load in prosthesis users during locomotor tasks. This paves the way to establish a new approach to assessing cognitive load, which is objective and yet practical and simple to administer. Nevertheless, future studies should corroborate these results by comparing them to other objective measures as well as focus on translating the proposed approach outside of a laboratory.

Sustainable gambogic acid release via pH/Redox Dual-Responsive C60-Modified magnetic mesoporous nanospheres for antitumor therapy

Traditional cancer treatment modalities such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy have seen significant advancements in the past. However, inherent drawbacks, including systemic toxicity and high recurrence rates. Consequently, The nanoparticles, with their targeting and multifunctionality, have captured significant attention. This work synthesizes HMNPs-C60-N-GQDs-SS-PEI (HMNPs:Fe3O4@SiO2@mSiO2-C18) nanoparticles, integrating diverse functionalities for enhanced cancer therapy. The inclusion of SiO2 and C60 significantly improves the loading efficiency of gallic acid (GA). The magnetic properties of HMNPs enable efficient targeting to cancer sites under external magnetic fields. The -SS- linkage ensures drug release exclusively in tumor cells over-expressing glutathione (GSH), minimizing adverse effects on normal tissues. Introduction of Polyethyleneimine (PEI) imparts positive charge to facilitate accumulation on negatively charged tumor surfaces and enhances biocompatibility. Additionally, the fluorescence properties of N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) facilitate real-time monitoring of material distribution in vivo during mouse and clinical therapy. Furthermore, the nano-magnetic targeting material demonstrates efficient drug loading and precise control over drug release, addressing issues such as the poor biocompatibility and high biotoxicity associated with traditional materials. This study not only achieves effective tumor treatment but also offers a promising direction for developing efficient multifunctional nano-targeting materials.