Control Wing Research Articles

Peer Assisted Tutorial to cultivate self-directed learning practice among first year medical students in Anatomy

Background & Objectives: Anatomy is the foundation stone of medical education upon which knowledge is built over time. Tutorials are a part of curriculum along with routine dissection and practical in teaching anatomy. A conventional tutorial lacks active learning habits among students. Knowledge explosion demands the students to inculcate self-directed learning habits from the beginning of medical education. Peer assisted tutorials is one such strategy to imbibe self-directed learning culture. Methodology: The study was conducted on regular tutorial batch of 25 students in 2 groups (group A & B) with 2 topics (brachial plexus & mammary gland) by cross over method. Pre and post test was administered followed by immediate feedback questionnaire. Results: The study revealed improvement in post test scores of both group but statistically significant in study groups. There was significant improvement in comparison of post test scores between study and control wings of group A (brachial plexus) but not in group B (mammary gland). The questionnaire revealed peer learning was active, interactive which fostered in depth understanding of subject in a non-threatening learning environment. Interpretation & Conclusion: The benefits and drawbacks of the innovation are discussed and compared with earlier studies. Peer learning supports the saying “to teach is to learn twice” which is evident from this study. Key words: Peer learning, Self-directed learning, Active learning, Anatomy, Tutorials

Robo Raven: A Flapping-Wing Air Vehicle with Highly Compliant and Independently Controlled Wings

Abstract Many current bird-inspired flapping-wing air vehicles (FWAVs) achieve their flight characteristics through deformations associated with compliant wings during the flapping cycle. Most FWAVs use a single actuator to flap both wings. This couples and synchronizes motions of the wings, which only provides variable rate flapping at constant amplitude to control wing deformations. Independent wing control has the potential to provide a greater flight envelope through the ability to program wing motions to achieve a desired wing shape and associated aerodynamic forces. This approach requires the use of at least two actuators with position and velocity control that can be programmed to drive the wings independently. Integration of two actuators in a flying platform significantly increases the weight and hence makes it challenging to achieve flight. Based on our previous designs with synchronized wing flapping, we developed a new FWAV platform using programmable digital servo motors and a compatible high...

Numerical Simulation of Powered High-Lift Flow

To achieve short-take-off-and-landing (STOL) performance, numerous airframe/propulsion integration (API) technologies have been developed for military and commercial transports. Powered lift technology refers to a concept of utilizing the propulsion exhaust flows to increase lift through an increase in wing circulation []. Over the past seventy years, various concepts have been explored to accomplish this goal. From the point of view of technical characteristics, powered lift concepts can be sorted into three groups: a circulation control wing, blown flaps, and jet wing. Most of other concepts are slight deviations of these three.

Effect of marinade containing thyme and orange oils on broiler breast fillet and whole wing aerobic bacteria during refrigerated storage

Raw meat typically hosts spoilage organisms and sometimes hosts pathogens; to combat this, natural antimicrobial interventions have gained interest among consumers. In a previous study a marinade containing a thyme-orange essential oils combination (TOC) at the 0.5% level was found to inhibit Salmonella and Campylobacter species. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of a salt-phosphate marinade solution with 0.5% TOC (treatment) or without TOC (control) applied by vacuum tumbling on the shelf life of broiler breast fillets and whole wings. The total aerobic and facultative mesophiles (TAM) occurring naturally on these products during refrigerated storage for 14 d (at 1, 7, 10, and 14 d) were enumerated. A total of 48 (24 for each trial) skinless breast fillets and 48 (24 for each trial) whole wings were used for the 2 trials. For each trial, 12 of the 24 breast fillets or wings were marinated using the control marinade solution and the remaining 12 were marinated in the treatment marinade solution. On d 1, 7, 10, and 14, 3 treatment and 3 control breast fillets and wings were randomly selected for TAM enumeration. Sample rinsates were plated in duplicate and incubated at 35°C for 48 h. Thyme-orange combination marinade significantly reduced TAM numbers on d 1, 7, and 10 compared with the controls. Log reductions of 0.3, 0.9, and 1.1 were recorded on d 1, 7, and 10, respectively. The difference in TAM between the treated and untreated whole wings was not significant. Therefore, 0.5% TOC in marinade can be used as a natural antimicrobial to reduce TAM on skinless breast fillets; however, a higher concentration may be required for skin-on products.

Switching control of an underwater glider with independently controllable wings

The dynamic, control-oriented model of an underwater glider with independently controllable wings is presented. The onboard vehicle’s actuators are a ballast tank and two hydrodynamic wings. A control strategy is proposed to improve the vehicle’s maneuverability. In particular, a switching control law, together with a backstepping feedback scheme, is designed to limit the energy-inefficient actions of the ballast tank and hence to enforce efficient maneuvers. The case study considered here is an underwater vehicle with hydrodynamic wings behind its main hull. This unusual structure is motivated by the recently introduced concept of the underwater wave glider, which is a vehicle capable of both surface and underwater navigation. The proposed control strategy is validated via numerical simulations, in which the simulated vehicle has to perform three-dimensional path-following maneuvers.

Monitoring the presence of chloramphenicol and nitrofuran metabolites in cultured prawn, shrimp and feed in the Southwest coastal region of Bangladesh

Presence of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol in farmed prawn and shrimp is a major concern in the export sector of Bangladesh. Rejections of consignments by the foreign buyers have been recurrent for the last couple of years due to detection of these banned antibiotics. The increasingly complex requirements for food safety assurance and traceability set by major export markets represent a threat to the trade of this significant sector. In this study, the status and trends of the presence of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol in freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) and marine shrimp Penaeus monodon (Fabricius) and in their feeds in the Southwest coastal region of Bangladesh were investigated. The prawn/shrimp farmers, feed manufacturers and feed sellers were interviewed with well structured pre-tested Questionnaires. Antibiotic residues present in the animal muscles, feeds and feed ingredients were detected using LC–MS–MS by the Fish Inspection and Quality Control Wing of the Department of Fisheries. The study reveals that farmers did not deliberately use those banned antibiotics, but these chemicals were detected in many M. rosenbergii and P. monodon samples in 2008, 2009 and 2010, in both fresh muscles, pre-export and post-export consignments. The percentage of contamination with this banned antibiotics in M. rosenbergii samples were 17.74%, 22.89%, 13.60% and in P. monodon samples were 12.65%, 15.79%, 11.85% in 2008, 2009 and 2010 respectively. Antibiotic residue data of 2008, 2009 and 2010 showed: (i) contamination of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol was more in M. rosenbergii than P. monodon; (ii) among four nitrofuran metabolites, nitrofurazone was found more frequently but in smaller quantities in 2009 and 2010; (iii) contamination of nitrofuran metabolites was more in prawns fed with commercial feed than those with home-made feed; and (iv) there has been a decreasing trend of the presence of nitrofuran and chloramphenicol in prawn and shrimp of Bangladesh.

1203 単純形状の循環制御翼に生じる揚力特性

1203 単純形状の循環制御翼に生じる揚力特性

Controllability Analysis of Flexible Variable Sweep Control Wing

Variable Sweep Control Wing (VSCW) was introduced to generate the rolling control moment with the sweep angle differences between the left and the right wings. Influence flexible matrixes were generated to obtain the deflection of the effective angle of attack (AOA) of the flexible swept wing. Comparison between aileron control surface and VSCW shows that VSCW can get benefit from wing flexibility, which degrades the control effectiveness of the traditional aileron. The main advantage and difference from the traditional aircraft is that VSCW has higher control effectiveness and can prevent control reversal especially at high flight speed range; and at low speed, with an AOA variation device VSCW can get similar rolling control performance compared with traditional aileron control surface.

Ecdysone receptor controls wing morphogenesis and melanization during rice planthopper metamorphosis

In this study, we cloned full-length EcR cDNAs from the small brown planthopper Laodelphgax striatellus, the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and the white back planthopper Sogatella furciferas. This is the first reporting of EcRs from either L. striatellus or S. furciferas. The deduced amino acid sequences of the EcRs show high levels of similarity to each other. The highest transcriptional level of the EcR gene was detected in the mid-fifth instar nymphs of N. lugens. Silencing of EcR expression by in vivo RNAi generated phenotypic defects in molting and resulted in lethality in most of the treated nymphs. Intriguingly, apparent wing defects in morphogenesis and melanization occurred during EcR knockdown in L. striatellus nymphs.

Switching control of an underwater glider with independently controllable wings

This paper presents a control-oriented dynamic model of an underwater glider with independently controllable wings. We show that this particular feature is particularly useful to improve the vehicle's maneuverability.The only actuators here used are a ballast tank and two hydrodynamic wings. A switching control strategy, together with a backstepping control scheme, is designed to limit the action of the ballast tank and hence to enforce energy-efficient maneuvers.We consider a case study in which the vehicle has the hydrodynamic wings behind its main hull. This structure is motivated by the recently-introduced concept of the underwater wave glider, that is a vehicle capable of both surface and underwater navigation. The control algorithm is validated via numerical simulations of the vehicle performing three-dimensional path-following maneuvers.

622 循環制御翼周りの流れに関する研究(GS 流体工学3)

622 循環制御翼周りの流れに関する研究(GS 流体工学3)

Modification impact on aerodynamic performance of hypersonic waverider

AbstractWaverider serves as a good candidate for hypersonic vehicles. The typical waverider has sharp leading edge and no control face, which is inappropriate for practical use. This paper puts forward a method modifying the waverider, and the modification impact on the performance of waverider at hypersonic flow conditions is studied. The modification is based on blunted waverider, includes cutting the tip and introducing two control wings. The modification’s effect on aerodynamic performance is obtained and analysed through Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques. When blunted with 2cm radius, the waverider retains its good aerodynamic performance and the heat flux at the stagnation point can be managed. Three factors of the introduced wing are argued, the fixed angle, aspect ratio and wing area. Results show that influence on the aerodynamic coefficient is slight and the vehicle retains its high lift-to-drag ratio. The main influences of the modification are the control ability and trim efficiency, which is the motivation of this work and can be adapted when designing a practical waverider.

Motion Analysis and Control of Towed Vehicle with Controllable Wings

Motion Analysis and Control of Towed Vehicle with Controllable Wings

Pro-Survival Role for Parkinson's Associated Gene DJ-1 Revealed in Trophically Impaired Dopaminergic Neurons

Author SummaryThe major pathological event in Parkinson disease is the loss of dopaminergic neurons in a midbrain structure, the substantia nigra. The study of familial Parkinson disease has uncovered several disease-associated genes, including DJ-1. Subsequent studies have suggested that the DJ-1 protein is a suppressor of oxidative stress that might modify signaling pathways that regulate cell survival. However, because animal models lacking DJ-1 function do not show dopaminergic neurodegeneration, the function(s) of DJ-1 in vivo remain unclear. Using mouse genetics, we found that DJ-1 is required for survival of neurons of the substantia nigra only in aging conditions and only in neurons that are partially impaired in receiving trophic signals. Aging mice that lack DJ-1 and Ret, a receptor for a neuronal survival factor, lose more dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra as compared with aging mice that lack only Ret. Using the fruit fly Drosophila, we determined that DJ-1 interacts with constitutively active Ret and with its associated downstream signaling pathways. Therefore, understanding the molecular connections between trophic signaling, cellular stress and aging could facilitate the identification of new targets for drug development in Parkinson Disease.

신경회로망 기반 미사일 적응제어기의 모델 불확실 상황에 대한 시뮬레이션 연구

This paper presents the design of a neural network based adaptive control for missile. Acceleration of missile by tail fin control cannot be controllable by DMI (Dynamic Model Inversion) directly because it is non-minimum phase system. To avoid the non-minimum phase system, dynamic model inversion is applied with output-redefinition method. In order to evaluate performance of the suggested controllers we selected the three cases such as control surface fail, control surface loss and wing loss for model uncertainty. The corresponding aerodynamic databases to the failure cases were calculated by using the Missile DATACOM. Using a high fidelity 6DOF simulation program of the missile the performance was evaluates.

Surgical Manipulations on Pupal Wings from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana: Grafts

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes a procedure for transplanting tissue of the eyespot organizer in early pupae of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana. In very young pupae, before apolysis, the pupal wing case is attached to the sheet of cells that will form the dorsal surface of the adult forewing. Therefore, if a piece of pupal cuticle is removed and transplanted to a novel site on the developing wing (where a corresponding patch has been removed), the underlying cells of the dorsal forewing are transferred together with it. The pattern determination effects of the transplanted wing tissue on the surrounding cells can be examined by comparing the experimental and control wings of the adult butterfly. Square grafts can be turned 180° (or 90°) before implantation to distinguish donor and host tissue, because the orientation of the scale cells is determined before grafting.

Surgical Manipulations on Pupal Wings from the African Butterfly Bicyclus anynana: Damage and Cauteries

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes cautery experiments with young pupal wings of the African butterfly Bicyclus anynana to examine the potential role of groups of cells in wing pattern determination. Experiments can be performed on either the left or right wing, leaving the other wing as a control. The pupal wing case overlies a stack of four sheets of epithelial cells that will form, in turn, the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the forewing and then the respective surfaces of the hindwing. The dorsal surface of the forewing is immediately underneath the cuticle. The trachea or wing veins of the forewing are visible through the pupal cuticle under a binocular microscope, providing landmarks. Raised “bumps” or irregularities on the pupal cuticle indicate where the eyespot organizers (or foci) are present on the underlying forewing. The wild-type pattern of the dorsal forewing consists of a small anterior eyespot and a large posterior eyespot; each eyespot has a central white pupil, a black inner ring, and an outer gold ring. Experiments that involve a short insertion of sharpened needles through the pupal cuticle can explore the effects of damage to groups of cells at different times from shortly after pupation until pattern determination has occurred (~24 h after pupation). This type of experiment originally helped to characterize the eyespot organizers because early focal damage to the location of these cells can result in shrinkage or complete elimination of the corresponding eyespot in the adult wing (relative to the control wing).

1P1-B01 主翼独立制御型水中グライダーの動力学に関する研究

An underwater glider with independently controllable main wings for applications in oceanographic surveying, monitoring of the marine environment and ocean exploration is under development. Power-driven propulsive machinery is unnecessary for this underwater glider so that it is applicable to long-term and wide-range operations. The purpose of this research is to offer an underwater glider with high manoeuvrability and this paper deals with motion simulation of an experimental vehicle named 'ALEX' as a test-bed for an underwater glider with independently controllable main wings. ALEX was designed to realise high performance manoeuvrability. Results of the motion simulation were compared with the experiment. The authors have concluded that a feasible model could be verified and an 'underwater glider with independently controllable main wings' will show high performance of motion.

C28 主翼独立制御型水中グライダーの運動制御(OS11 海洋におけるシステムと制御2)

Abstract: An ocean-going underwater glider with independently controllable main wings is under development for applications in oceanographic surveying, monitoring of the marine environment, and ocean exploration. Power-driven propulsive machinery is unnecessary for this underwater glider so that it is applicable to long-term and wide-range operations. And this silent and safe underwater vehicle can be maintained with relative ease and does not cause any harm to the ocean environment and underwater marine life. The purpose of this research is to establish a method to control an experimental vehicle named 'ALEX' as a test-bed for an underwater glider with independently controllable main wings. ALEX was designed to realise high performance manoeuvrability. The six servomotors for the right and left main wings, upper rudder, elevator, movable balance weight and combination valve can be controlled by the on-board microcomputer system MAVC2 (Micro Aerial Vehicle Controller 2^<nd> model) through a servomotor controller. Three axes acceleration, three axes angular velocity, depth and direction by magnetic compass during a cruise can be measured in 10 samples per second and stored in the EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable ROM) as the flight recorder for a maximum of 20 minutes. The ALEX glider is navigated by dead reckoning under water but accurate positioning can be obtained by GPS when it is at the surface. These sensor data are transmitted to a PC station by a wireless modem system when positioned at the surface. Various kinds of experiments and motion observation have illustrated that an underwater glider with independently controllable main wings exhibits a high performance of motion and has remarkable capabilities for diving / surfacing with a much smaller gliding angle as compared with a conventional fixed-wing underwater glider.

Passenger life‐saving in a badly damaged aircraft scenario

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to suggest and research a method for passenger life‐saving in a badly damaged aircraft scenario.