Values In Control Group Research Articles

Determining the expression of vitamin D receptor, regulator of iron metabolism hepcidin and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide genes for development of future diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) frequently experience malnutrition and develop nutrients deficiencies such as vitamin D or iron. Collectively, 39 patients were recruited to the study - 32 with IBD and 7 patients constituting the control group (CG). Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to assess the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR), hepcidin (HAMP) and cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide (CAMP) in colon mucosa. The mean expression of VDR and CAMP was higher in patients with ulcerative colitis than other groups (VDR vs. CG, p<0.05). However, the mean HAMP expression reached higher values in CG than in groups with IBD. Further research to understand the relationship between the VDR, HAMP and CAMP may constitute the way for development of future diagnostic and therapeutic options in patients with IBD.

Structural And Functional State Of Various Zones Of Skin Microcirculation In Men With Isolated Diastolic Hypertension

The objective of our study was to assess the structural and functional characteristics of various skin microcirculation zones in men with newly diagnosed isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH). Material and Methods — Our study sample included 275 men (aged 30 to 60 years) subjected to the comprehensive medical examination, which included blood tests, videocapillaroscopy (VCS) on the left ring finger, laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) in the skin of the middle finger tip and forearm at rest, functional tests and photoplethysmography (PPG) on the left forefinger, determination of flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery, echocardiography, ultrasound imaging of extracranial and femoral arteries, and also 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). According to the ABPM data, an isolated increase in diastolic blood pressure (BP) was noted in 83 subjects who formed the IDH group. The control group (CG) consisted of 90 men with normal BP. Results — VCS and LDF revealed no significant differences between the groups at the scale of capillaries and precapillary arterioles. According to PPG, IDH subjects had significantly higher values of reflection index vs. the CG (35.6% vs. 30.4%, p=0.0013) and lower values of ejection duration (310.5 ms and 319.5 ms, p=0.0159), respectively. Conclusion — The greatest contribution to peripheral vascular resistance in men with IDH most likely comes from large muscle arterioles, in which neurogenic regulation of vascular tone prevails.

Effect of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets combined with potassium magnesium aspartate on hemodynamics and cardiac function in patients with coronary heart disease and arrhythmia

Purpose: To investigate the effects of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets combined with potassium magnesium aspartate on hemodynamics and cardiac function in coronary heart disease (CHD) patients with arrhythmia.Methods: In this retrospective research, a total of 110 CHD and arrhythmia patients on admission at Jiaozhou Central Hospital of Qingdao from June 2020 to June 2022 were randomly but equally divided into control group (CG) treated with propafenone hydrochloride tablets, and study group (SG) treated with a combination of amiodarone hydrochloride tablets and potassium magnesium aspartate. Clinical efficacy of the treatment types as well as the number of premature ventricular contractions (PVC), QTc interval and heart rate (HR) of the patients were monitored to determine left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), and cardiac index (CI). Fibrinogen levels, plasma viscosity and hematocrit of the patients were also assessed.Results: The total effectiveness/efficacy of treatment in SG was 92.73 %, which was significantly higher than the corresponding CG value of 76.36 % (p &lt; 0.05). Relative to CG, PVC and HR in SG were significantly lower, while QTc interval was significantly higher. The levels of LVESD and LVEDD were significantly lower in SG than in CG, while CI level was significantly higher. However, fibrinogen, plasma viscosity and hematocrit values were significantly lower in SG than in CG (p &lt; 0.05).Conclusion: When administered along with potassium magnesium aspartate in the treatment of CHD and arrhythmia, amiodarone hydrochloride tablets enhances clinical efficacy and improves electrocardiograph index, hemodynamics and cardiac function. Nonetheless, there is need for expanded clinical trials before the use of this treatment strategy in clinical practice.

Effects of chronic core training on serum and erythrocyte oxidative stress parameters in amputee football players.

Objective: The positive impact of aerobic exercise on blood oxidative stress parameters is well documented. However, the effect of core exercises on these parameters in amputee football players (AF) remains unclear. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of core exercises on blood oxidative stress parameters in this population. Methods: Experimental method was adopted in the study. Eleven elite AF players participated in the study. The participants were divided randomly into two groups a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). Blood measurements were taken before and after the 8-week core exercise program. Blood measurements included erythrocyte Total Oxidant Status (eTOS), erythrocyte Total Antioxidant Status (eTAS), erythrocyte oxidative stress index (eOSI), serum nitric oxide (sNO), serum Total Oxidant Status (sTOS), serum Total Antioxidant Status (sTAS), serum oxidative stress index (sOSI), serum total thiol (sTT), serum native thiol (sNT), and serum disulfide (sDS) parameters were studied. Results: According to the results of the study, a significant difference was found between the 0th and eighth week pre-aerobic training load (ATL) sTOS (p = .028) values of CEG values. A significant difference was found in sTOS (p = .028) and sOSI (p = .028) values after the 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. A significant difference was found in the sTOS (p = .043) and sOSI values (p = .043) of CG at week 0th and eighth-week pre-ATL. Conclusion: Overall, the results suggest that core exercises had a positive effect on blood oxidative stress parameters in AF players by reducing blood total oxidant levels.

MARKERS OF INFLAMMATORY AND HYPERCOAGULATION SYNDROMES IN PATIENTS WITH LIVER DAMAGE IN THE REHABILITATION PERIOD OF COVID-19

Purpose of the study: to study some biochemical parameters of mesenchymal-inflammatory and hypercoagulable syndromes in patients with liver damage who underwent SARS-COV2 infection. Materials and research methods. 243 patients who had COVID-19 at the age of 18-60 were under observation. Inclusion criteria in the study were: transferred no earlier than 10 days prior to entry into the COVID-19 study; at the time of inclusion in the study PCR-negative COVID-19, negative PCR and markers of replication of hepatitis viruses. As a control group (CG), 20 healthy volunteers were examined. Enzymes were determined in the blood serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl aminotransferase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (AP), total and direct bilirubin, albumin, ferritin, C reactive protein and complete blood count. Research results The activity of blood liver enzymes in patients who underwent COVID-19 was significantly increased compared to CG: ALT exceeded the average values in CG by almost 10 times, AST = almost 3 times, LDH - 3 times, GGT and ALP - almost 1 .5 times. The level of bilirubin in the CG was significantly higher (p&lt;0.001). The concentration of albumin in the peripheral blood of patients was reduced (p&lt;0.001 significance of the difference from CG). The level of hemoglobin and erythrocytes in peripheral blood was significantly lower than in the CG (p&lt;0.001 and p&lt;0.05). The platelet count was reduced (p&lt;0.001 significant difference from CG). The ESR and CRP concentrations were significantly increased compared with the CG (p&lt;0.001 significance for both indicators). Conclusion In patients who have undergone COVID-19, functional changes in the liver are noted, characterized by cytolytic, cholestatic syndrome, and a decrease in protein-synthesizing function. Also, these patients have signs of redistributive anemia and sideropenia, thrombocytopenia, and persistent activity of mesenchymal-inflammatory and coagulopathic syndromes. ALT activity significantly positively correlates with the activity of systemic inflammation and hypercoagulability indices.

Periodontitis and Other Risk Factors Related to Myocardial Infarction and Its Follow-Up.

The main issue in the prevention of myocardial infarction (MI) is to reduce risk factors. Periodontal disease is related to cardiovascular disease and both share risk factors. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether periodontitis can be considered a risk factor for MI and common risk factors in a case–control study and in a prospective follow-up study in patients with MI. The test group (MIG) was made up of 144 males who had MI in the previous 48 h. The control group (CG) was composed of 138 males without MI. Both groups were subdivided according to the presence or absence of stage III and IV of periodontitis. General data; Mediterranean diet and physical activity screening; periodontal data; and biochemical, microbiological and cardiological parameters were recorded. ANOVA, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal–Wallis statistical tests and binary logistic regression analysis were applied. No differences in anthropometric variables were observed between the four groups. The average weekly exercise hours have a higher value in CG without periodontitis. The number of leukocytes was higher in MIG, the number of monocytes was higher in CG and the number of teeth was lower in MIG with periodontitis. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was higher in CG. Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were higher in CG with periodontitis and in MIG with and without periodontitis. At follow-up, the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) data were better in the non-periodontitis group: 15 patients had Mayor Cardiovascular Adverse Events (MACE), 13 of them had periodontitis and 2 did not show periodontitis. Periodontitis, exercise, diet and smoking are risk factors related to MI. MACE presented in the ‘MI follow-up’ shows periodontitis, weight, exercise hours and dyslipidemia as risk factors. LVEF follow-up values are preserved in patients without periodontitis. Our data suggest that periodontitis can be considered a risk factor for MI and MACE in the studied population.

Influence of Lower Extremity Deep Venous Thrombosis in Cerebral Infarction on Coagulation Index and Thromboelastogram and Its Risk Factors.

Cerebral infarction is a serious brain injury disease, which is mainly caused by the blockage of blood circulation in patients' brains; thus, the patient's brain appears ischemia and hypoxia state, and large-scale nerve cell death occurs immediately. The aim of this study was to explore the influence of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT) on coagulation indexes and thromboelastogram (TEG) after cerebral infarction. Altogether, 67 patients with cerebral infarction complicated with LEDVT in our hospital from April 2017 to August 2019 were collected as the observation group (OG) and 58 patients with cerebral infarction without lower extremity deep venous thrombosis as the control group (CG). The R, K, angle, and MA values in PT, APTT, TT, FIB, and TEG indexes were compared between the two groups. The ROC curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of R value, K value, angle value, and MA value in the occurrence of LEDVT in patients with cerebral infarction. Logistic regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent risk factors of lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in cerebral infarction. PT, APTT, and TT in the OG were evidently lower than those in the CG, while FIB in the OG was evidently higher than that in the CG, R value and K value of the OG were evidently lower than those of the CG, and angle and MA values were higher than those in the CG. The AUC of R value, K value, angle value, and MA value of the ROC curve of LEDVT in patients with cerebral infarction was 0.735, 0.713, 0.790, and 0.819. Multivariate analysis showed that high FIB, angle, and MA were risk factors, while R and K values were protective factors. PT, APTT, and TT are lower and FIB is higher in patients with cerebral infarction with LEDVT. TEG has a certain diagnostic value. FIB value, angle value, and MA value are independent risk factors of LEDVT in patients with cerebral infarction, while R value and K value are protective factors.

ACTIVITY OF KIDNEY MITOCHONDRIAL NAD+-DEPENDENT DEHYDROGENASES IN RATS UNDER CONDITIONS OF DIFFERENT NUTRIENT SUPPLY

The aim of this work was to evaluate the activity NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases of Krebs cycle in kidney of rats under the conditions of different sucrose and protein content in a diet. The activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase was evaluated based on the amount of accumulated NADН during conversion of isocitrate to α-ketoglutarate. The activity of malate dehydrogenase was determined from NADH accumulation in reaction of malate oxidation, at λ = 340 nm. The activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase was measured by intensity of α-ketoglutarate oxidation, spectrophoto-metrically at λ = 417 nm. The animals were divided into the following experimental groups: I – control group (C); II – animals receiving low-protein ration (LP); III – animals receiving high-sucrose diet (HS); IV – animals receiving low-protein high-sucrose diet (LP/HS). It has been shown, that by rats group kept on a low-protein diet isocitrate dehy-drogenase activity was increased, without any significantly compared changes in α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities. A similar tendence is typical for animals maintained on a low-protein/high-sucrose diet. At the same time isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities exceeded control values in group of animals feeded by high-sucrose diet the most. From results we got, it can be con-cluded, that activation of NAD+-dependent dehydrogenases of Krebs cycle in mitochondrial kidney fraction of rats received a high-sucrose diet can be considered as one of possible links in mechanism of kidney injury progression. Our finding allows to substantiate the approaches for kidney complications treatment biochemically under nutrient imbalance.

Lighting Standards Revisited: Introduction of a Mathematical Model for the Assessment of the Impact of Illuminance on Visual Acuity.

PurposePrimary objective of present study is to introduce a contemporary methodology for the lighting standards update addressing both normophakic and pseudophakic patients.MethodsFor the sake of our study, we theoretically estimated the intraocular-to-crystalline lens iIluminance ratio (ICIR) and the intraocular lens (IOL) luminous efficiency function VIOL(λ) as a new lighting benefit metric. Then, in a sample of 24 pseudophakic patients (38 eyes) implanted with the trifocal diffractive IOL Panoptix (SG) and in a control group (CG) of 28 normophakic participants (50 eyes), uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) was measured at illuminance of 550lx (optimal UDVA). Following dark adaptation, illuminance was gradually raised from 20 lx until illuminance level that the patient reached his/her optimal UDVA. This measured illuminance at this point was defined as the minimum required illuminance level (MRIL). MRIL and UDVA for illuminance levels between 20 and 550lx in SG were compared with the corresponding values in CG. MRIL calculation allowed the construction of a predictive mathematical model that estimates the impact of environmental lighting on UDVA.ResultsICIR for Panoptix eyes ranged from 54.00% to 55.99%. Both groups had significantly higher UDVA at 550lx compared to 20lx (p < 0.05). CG had significantly higher UDVA than SG at 20lx (7.20 letters, p = 0.045), while no significant difference was detected at 550lx (0.40 letters, p = 0.883). SG required significantly more illuminance than CG to maintain their UDVA (MRILSG= 191.05lx, MRILCG= 122lx, p = 0.007). Our predictive model suggests suboptimal UDVA in a series of lighting directives for normophakic and Panoptix eyes.ConclusionThis is the first study to introduce the VIOL(λ) as a new lighting benefit metric and a mathematical model that quantifies the impact of illuminance on UDVA in normophakic and pseudophakic patients.Clinicaltrials.gov IdentifierNCT04263636.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms, gene expression and serum profile of immune and antioxidant markers associated with postpartum disorders susceptibility in Barki sheep

The objective of this study was to explore the immunological and antioxidant alterations associated with ovine postpartum disorders. Blood samples were collected from 90 adult Barki ewes and allocated into three equal-sized groups (30 ewes each): control group (CG), inflammatory postpartum disorders group (IPG) and non-inflammatory postpartum disorders group (NIPG). PCR-DNA sequencing approach was carried out for TLR4 (256-bp) and SOD (456-bp) genes, and nucleotide sequence variations were noticed to be associated with postpartum disorders resistance/susceptibility. Gene expression profile was also evaluated and levels of IL5, IL6, IL1-ß, TNF alpha, TLR4 and Tollip were significantly up-regulated in ewes affected with postpartum disorders than resistant ones, while SOD and CAT genes pattern elicited an opposite trend. Exploring serum profile also showed a significant increase of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MDA and NO in IPG compared to their correspond values in NIPG and CG. However, serum levels of IL-10, CAT, GSH and GPx were significantly decreased. This study highlights that SNPs in TLR4 and SOD genes could be genetic markers for postpartum disorders resistance/susceptibility in Barki ewes. Gene expression alongside serum profiles of antioxidant markers could also be used to follow-up the immune status of ewes to build up an effective management protocol.

Curative Effects of Ethanol Extract of Prosopis Farcta (Syrian Mesquite) Against Ethylene Glycol Induced Urolithiasis in Male Albino Rats

The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of Prosopis farcta (P. farcta) ethanol fruit extract in ethylene glycol (EG) induced urolithiasis in male albino rats. Lithiasis was induced by oral administration of EG 1% in male albino rats for 28 days. Seventy eight male albino rats weighing 250-300g were used and divided into six experimental groups. Group A is a control group received standard rat chow and tap water ad libitum, while, rest of groups namely group B, C, D, E, F animals received 1% EG in water for 28 days, then from day 15 to day 28 in addition to EG administration, group C received cystone, group D, E and F received 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight (B.W.) of ethanol fruit extract of P. farcta respectively. On day 28, blood was collected for serum biochemical (serum uric acid, creatinine, urea, electrolytes measurements, malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) determinations. While urine was collected to microscopic analysis of formed crystals besides the kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and B.W. gain/ loss values were determined. Intermediate dose (200mg/kg B.W.) of P. farcta extract significantly decreased serum creatinine, urea, MDA and non-significantly recovered SOD toward control value in group E as compared to group B, also significant elevation in kidney weight/ B.W. ratio and reduction in B.W. gains in group B occurred as compared with group A. In conclusion: P. farcta fruit extract has potentially therapeutic effects on EG induced kidney stone which can be used as effective antiurolithiatic agent rather than cystone.

INFLUENCE OF CORE STRENGTH TRAINING ON PEAK MUSCLE TORQUE OF QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRING IN YOUNG SOCCER PLAYERS

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight week core strength training (CST) on quadriceps and hamstring muscle strength and H/Q ratio. The study included a total of 20 young soccer players, 10 in the experimental group (EG) and 10 in the control group (CG). Isokinetic knee strength measurements at angular velocities of 60°sec−1 , 180°sec−1 and 240°sec−1 were performed on the subjects. Independent sample t-test and 2x2 ANOVA test were used for statistical analysis. No significance was found between the pre-test results of both EG and CG (p&gt;0.05). In post-test results, a difference was found in favour of EG group in RPM 60o EX value (p&lt;0.05). When the pre-test and posttest results of the groups were compared separately, a significant difference was found in RPM 60o EX, LPM 180o EX and LPM 240o EX parameters in EG (p&lt;0.05). A significant progress was found in LPM 180o EX, LPM 180o FLX and LPM 240o FLX values in CG (p&lt;0.05). It was found that CST applied on young soccer players affected knee isokinetic strength in different velocity and this effect caused significance especially in different angular speeds of EX phase. In addition, although significant progress was not observed in all parameters in EG after CST, it was found that there weren’t decreases in any parameters and at least strength was maintained.

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

Features of the Functional State of the L-arginine / NO-synthase / Arginase System and Oxidative Processes in Patients with end-stage Renal Disease due to Chronic Glomerulonephritis Before and After a Hemodialysis Session

The role of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway in periodontitis-induced liver inflammation of rats.

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to clarify the immune mechanism of hepatic injury induced by periodontitis using a rat model.MethodsTwenty‐four SPF male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (CG) and periodontitis group (PG). In order to induce experimental periodontitis, we tied the wire ligature around bilateral maxillary first molar of rats. After 8 weeks, the following indicators were valued: gingival index, tooth mobility, probing pocket depth; indexes about oxidative stress and circulating biomarkers; bone retraction by micro‐CT analysis; Toll‐like receptor 4 (TLR4), myeloid differential protein‐88 (MyD88), and nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) by qRT‐PCR and Western blotting; tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α), and interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) by qRT‐PCR and immunohistochemical staining; inflammation of periodontal and hepatic tissues by histopathological observation.ResultsPeriodontal indicators and micro‐CT results showed the raised levels of inflammatory response and bone retraction in PG compared with CG. The mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, NF‐κB, TNF‐α, and IL‐6 have indicated high values in PG versus CG. Histopathological analysis revealed a correlation between periodontitis and hepatic injury.ConclusionTLR4/MyD88/NF‐κB pathway may play a role in periodontitis‐induced liver inflammation of rats.

The protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds against atrazine-induced testicular injury

The present study evaluated the protective effect of fluted pumpkin seeds (FPS) on atrazine (ATZ)-induced testicular damage. Twenty adult male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of five animals each. The control animals (Group A) received corn oil (2 mL/kg body weight), Group B animals received 50 mg ATZ/kg body weight by gavage, while Groups C and D received 50 mg ATZ/kg body weight once a week in addition to the gavage of 25 mg FPS/kg body weight and 50 mg FPS/kg body weight respectively for 60 days. The results showed that testicular myeloperoxidase activity and nitrite concentration were decreased in all groups compared to the control value. The increase in malondialdehyde and decrease in glutathione concentrations in group B were abrogated in group C (p < 0.05) but not in group D animals. The increase in γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and decrease in lactate dehydrogenase enzyme activities in the group B animals were also normalized to control values in group C but not in group D animals. Interestingly, the testis of the group D animals showed massive depletion of germ cells and the diameter of the seminiferous tubules of these animals were decreased compared to all other groups. However, the number of motile sperms, abnormal sperms and sperm count in Group D animals were similar to the ATZ-treated animals and lower than control values. In conclusion, FPS protected against ATZ-induced testicular damage but can also harm the testis at a higher dose.

P790 Dental caries occurrence among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), including patients’ diet, way of treatment and general health may have an impact on teeth condition. Due to multifactorial nature of caries that its linked to susceptibility of hard tooth tissues, cariogenic microorganisms and presence of fermentable carbohydrates, the course of disease can be modified at many levels. The aim of the study was to assess dental caries experience in adult patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods The study involved 224 individuals: 98 with diagnosed CD, 75 with UC and 51 of control group (CG) with mean age 34.7. The complete assessment of the hard tooth tissues based on the DMFT index (decayed D, missing M, filled F teeth) was performed. Results There were no statistically significant differences between the examined groups in terms of DMFT index values, however, a statistically significant difference was found in the number of teeth with caries (D) (mean 3.99, 3.05 and 1.96 for CD, UC and CG respectively; H=13.55 p &amp;lt; 0.05). All groups had higher mean D values in men than women, and achieved the highest mean value in CD group (4.78) compared with UC (3.68) and healthy controls (2.06)(H=8.71 p &amp;lt; 0.05). The results of D values for CG obtained in our study confirm the literature data for healthy population aged 35–44 in Poland (mean D~2). The number of lost teeth (M) in the studied population was high and amounted to 5.47, 5.25 and 3.94 for the examined groups, respectively. A thorough analysis showed that in the group of men the difference in the M value was statistically significant at 5.83, 5.94 and 1.11 for CD, UC and CG respectively (H=15.84 p &amp;lt; 0.05). Statistically significant differences (H=6.21 p &amp;lt; 0.05) were observed in the number of filled teeth (F), without secondary caries, which highest value was recorded in CG (10.76) and the lowest in the CD group (8.93). Conclusion The highest D and M values were observed in patients with CD, especially in men, which proves the intensity and activity of dental caries disease in this group.

Effects of transrectal medicinal ozone in horses - clinical and laboratory aspects

ABSTRACT Ozone (O3) therapy has been used for medical procedures for centuries; however, there are no extensive studies on its utilization in horses. This study aimed to evaluate the application of transrectal O3 on horses by physical and laboratorial evaluation, and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sixteen healthy horses were separated in two groups: a control group (CG) and a group treated with O3 (TG). The TG animals received 1L of an oxygen and O3 mixture transrectally. The initial dose was 10µg/ml for the first two applications, 15μg/ml for the following two applications, and 20μg/ml for the next six applications. The CG animals received 1L of oxygen transrectally. In TG animals no variations in the physical examination were detected; furthermore, TG animals did not exhibit changes in biochemical evaluation results, fibrinogen concentrations, or ROS production. TG animals had increased red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations, and packet cell volume values in comparison to the baseline and CG values. We could infer that O3 affected the red blood cell counts and improved rhetological properties of the blood. The transrectal application of O3 in horses is safe and can indirectly improve the oxygenation and metabolism of tissues.

Physiological and Behavioral Manifestations of Children and Teenagers with Down Syndrome During the Dental Appointment: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To measure the heart rate (HR) and the behavior of children and teenagers with Down Syndrome (DS) during the dental appointment. Material and Methods: Two groups (n = 52), of both genders, aged 2-14 years, matched by age group were formed: study group (SG) - individuals with DS and control group (CG) - normotypical school children. The participants were submitted to clinical examination and prophylaxis. An oximeter was used to measure the HR at five moments of the dental consultation: before entering the practice room (T0), when sitting in the dental chair (T1), during the clinical examination (T2), during prophylaxis (T3) and immediately after prophylaxis (T4). Behavior, classified according to the Frankl Scale, was observed at T3. Mann Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn and Pearson's Chi-square tests were used to analyze and compare variables (significance level at 5%). Results: In SG, a significant difference in HR was observed according to the moment of dental appointment (p<0.001 SG; 0.3385 CG). The highest HR value in SG was observed at T3 (median 110.00; IIQ 96.00-124.00), the only moment significantly different (p<0.001) from HR values for CG. A difference in behavior between groups (p<0.001) was also observed. Conclusion: HR of individuals with DS varied throughout the dental appointment, and they also had a higher prevalence of uncooperative behavior.

Aerobic interval training reduces vascular resistances during submaximal exercise in obese metabolic syndrome individuals.

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of high-intensity aerobic interval training (AIT) on exercise hemodynamics in metabolic syndrome (MetS) volunteers. Thirty-eight, MetS participants were randomly assigned to a training (TRAIN) or to a non-training control (CONT) group. TRAIN consisted of stationary interval cycling alternating bouts at 70-90% of maximal heart rate during 45minday-1 for 6months. CONT maintained baseline physical activity and no changes in cardiovascular function or MetS factors were detected. In contrast, TRAIN increased cardiorespiratory fitness (14% in VO2PEAK; 95% CI 9-18%) and improved metabolic syndrome (-42% in Z score; 95% CI 83-1%). After TRAIN, the workload that elicited a VO2 of 1500mlmin-1 increased 15% (95% CI 5-25%; P<0.001). After TRAIN when subjects pedaled at an identical submaximal rate of oxygen consumption, cardiac output increased by 8% (95% CI 4-11%; P<0.01) and stroke volume by 10% (95% CI, 6-14%; P<0.005) being above the CONT group values at that time point. TRAIN reduced submaximal exercise heart rate (109±15-106±13beatsmin-1; P<0.05), diastolic blood pressure (83±8-75±8mmHg; P<0.001) and systemic vascular resistances (P<0.01) below CONT values. Double product was reduced only after TRAIN (18.2±3.2-17.4±2.4btmin-1mmHg10-3; P<0.05). The data suggest that intense aerobic interval training improves hemodynamics during submaximal exercise in MetS patients. Specifically, it reduces diastolic blood pressure, systemic vascular resistances, and the double product. The reduction in double product, suggests decreased myocardial oxygen demands which could prevent the occurrence of adverse cardiovascular events during exercise in this population. CLINICALTRIALS. NCT03019796.

English

Osteoporosis is one of the major problems facing older people of both sexes. This study was undertaken to investigate the synergistic effects of combination of statins and bisphosphonates in a glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) model. Thirty rats were divided into five groups; control group (I), GIO group (II) (given oral prednisolone, pred 30 mg/kg, per 2 days for 6 weeks), group III (treated by pred + risedronate, risedr 1mg/kg), group IV (treated by pred + simvastatin, sim 10 mg/kg) and group V (treated by pred +sim + risedr). Histological study of the femoral neck bone as well as biochemical assessments of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), carboxy-terminal collagen crosslinks (CTX), osteoprotegrin (OPG), leptin, Ca and phosphate were performed. The significant decreases in the trabecular bone thickness, area (p < 0.001), and the significant increase in bone marrow fat cells area (p < 0.001) detected in pred group, were corrected to be nearly similar to control values in groups III, IV and V. Groups that received sim showed better remodeled smoother surfaces bone trabeculae compared with other groups. Combination of sim + risedr shows a significant decrease of bone specific ALP in comparison to pred group (p < 0.05). Also, there was significant decrease of CTX in all treated groups in comparison to pred group (p < 0.05). On other hand, significant improvements of osteoprotegrin levels were noted in all treated groups (p < 0.05), however, there were insignificant changes in leptin levels among groups. In conclusion, addition of statins to bisphosphonate has qualitative rather than quantitative positive effect in experimental osteoporosis which might shorten the duration of therapy and increase efficacy when combined together. Key words: Statins, bisphosphonates, glucocorticoids, osteoporosis.